| 例句 |
background noun
⇨ background (sb's family background) ⇨ context (the historical background) ⇨ environment (the mountains in the background) background noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ family 3 另见family条第3义background ♦︎ record ♦︎ past ♦︎ history ♦︎ upbringing ♦︎ track record ♦︎ life historyThese are all words for the things that sb has done or the things that have happened to sb before now. 这些词均表示曾经做过或经历过的事。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb has a background / record / history / track record of sth◆sb has a background / record / track record in sth◆a / an proven / impressive / excellent / poor record / track record◆a religious / working class / middle class background / upbringing◆a colourful / chequered history / past◆sb's criminal background / record / past / history◆sb's medical record / history◆your background / upbringing prepares you for / gives you sth■ background [countable] the details of a person's life before now, especially concerning their family, education and experience 出身背景；学历；经历◆sb's family / social / cultural / educational / class background某人的家庭／社会／文化／教育／阶级背景◆The classes are designed for students with a background in history or theology.这些课程是为有历史或神学知识的学生设计的。◆The job would suit someone with a business background.这项工作适合有商务经验的人。◆We are from very different backgrounds but we get on very well.我们的出身很不一样，但相处融洽。ⓘ You can also talk about the background to an event or situation. * background也可表示事件或事态的背景。 see also background ⇨ context ■ record [singular] the facts that are known about sb/sth's past behaviour, character or achievements （有关过去的）事实；记录；功过◆The report criticizes the government's record on housing.报告批评政府在住房问题上的所作所为。◆The airline has a good safety record.这家航空公司的安全情况一向很好。◆He has an impressive record of achievement.他所取得的各项成就令人赞叹。■ past [countable, usually singular] a person's life or career before now （某人）过去的经历（或事业）◆We don't know anything about his past.我们对他的过去一无所知。◆She didn't tell them about her boyfriend's criminal past.她没跟他们提起男友犯过罪。ⓘ Past can also be used to talk about an aspect of a place before now. * past也可表示某个地方昔日的一个侧面◆The country still suffers as a result of its colonial past.该国昔日曾为殖民地，至今仍深受其害。 ■ history [singular] a record of sth happening frequently in the past of a person, family or place; the set of facts that are known about sb's past （某人的）经历；家族史；（某地的）沿革◆He has a history of violent crime.他有暴力犯罪的前科。◆There is a history of heart disease in my family.我家有家族心脏病史。◆The area has a history of subsidence problems.该地区的地面沉降是个老问题。■ upbringing / /ˈʌpbrɪŋɪŋ/ / [singular, uncountable] the way in which a child is cared for and taught how to behave while it is growing up 抚育；养育；培养◆She had had a very sheltered upbringing.她在备受呵护中长大。◆He was a Catholic by upbringing.他受家庭熏陶，从小就是个天主教徒。■ ˈtrack record [singular] all the past achievements, successes or failures of a person or organization （个人或组织的）业绩记录◆As a company we have a proven track record in catering.我们公司有令人信赖的宴席承办业绩记录。◆Britain has a poor track record in foreign language teaching.英国外语教学的成绩乏善可陈。■ ˌlife ˈhistory [countable] all the events that happen in the life of a person, animal or plant 生平；（生物的）生活史◆He sat at the bar and told me his whole life history.他坐在吧台旁，对我谈起自己一生的经历。◆The aim of the project is to study the life histories of insects.该项目旨在研究昆虫的生活史。 context noun context ♦︎ background ♦︎ backdrop ♦︎ setting ♦︎ milieuThese are all words for the situation in which sth exists or happens. 这些词均表示事物存在或发生的背景。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in (a) context / a setting / a milieu◆against a background / backdrop◆cultural / historical / economic / political context / background / setting / milieu◆to provide (sb with) a context / background / backdrop / setting◆to describe the context / background / setting■ context [countable, uncountable] the situation in which sth exists, happens or is placed, especially when it helps you to understand it （事情存在、发生或所处的）背景，环境，来龙去脉◆This speech needs to be set in the context of Britain in the 1960s.这篇演说需要放到20世纪60年代的英国这一背景下看待。◆His decision can only be understood in context.只有了解来龙去脉才能明白他的决定。◆Such databases are being used in a wide range of contexts.这类数据库广泛应用于各种场合。▸ contextualize (BrE also contextualise) / /kənˈtekstʃuəlaɪz/ / verb [transitive] ◆ (formal) As important as the photograph is a caption to contextualize the image.和图片同样重要的是解释图片背景的文字。■ background [countable, usually singular, uncountable] the situation that existed before a particular event happened, which helps to explain why it happened; information about this situation （事态发展的）背景；背景信息◆The book explains the complex historical background to the war.这本书解释了这场战争复杂的历史背景。◆The elections are taking place against a background of violence.选举在发生暴力冲突的情况下进行。◆Encyclopedias are a good source of background information.百科全书是查找背景信息很好的渠道。◆Can you give me more background on the company's financial position?你能多提供一些这家公司财务状况的背景资料吗？ see also background ⇨ background ■ backdrop [countable] (written) the general situation in which a particular event happens, which sometimes helps to explain this event （事件或活动的）背景◆It was against this backdrop of racial tension that the civil war began.这场内战的肇端是种族之间的紧张状态。NOTE 辨析 Background or backdrop? Background has a much wider range than backdrop, which is used especially in more literary texts and in the phrase against a backdrop of sth. * background的使用范围比backdrop广得多。backdrop尤用于文学文本和短语against a backdrop of sth中◆backdrop information ◆Can you give me more backdrop? ■ setting [countable] the place and time at which the action of sth such as a play, novel or film happens; the situation in which sth exists or happens （戏剧、小说或电影等的）情节背景；（事件的）背景◆It is the first story she has written with a contemporary setting.这是她写的第一部以当代生活为背景的小说。◆The writer fails to place the events in their wider political setting.作者没能将事件置于更广阔的政治背景中。▸ set verb [transitive, usually passive] ◆The movie is set in Los Angeles in the year 2019.这部电影以2019年的洛杉矶为背景。■ milieu / /miːˈljɜː/ / (plural milieux or milieus / /miˈljɜːz/ / ) [countable, usually singular] (from French, formal) the social environment that you live or work in 社会环境；社会背景◆The findings of the report refer to a particular social and cultural milieu.那份报告的调查结果涉及特定的社会和文化背景。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ environment 另见environment条 environment noun environment ♦︎ setting ♦︎ surroundings ♦︎ background ♦︎ backdropThese are all words for the type of place in which sb/sth exists or is situated. 这些词均表示环境、背景。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in an environment / a setting / surroundings◆against a / the background / backdrop (of sth)◆(a / an) attractive / perfect environment / setting / surroundings / background / backdrop◆(a / an) pleasant / idyllic environment / setting / surroundings◆(a) beautiful setting / surroundings / backdrop◆a dramatic setting / background / backdrop◆(a) peaceful environment / setting / surroundings◆(a / an) new / unfamiliar environment / setting / surroundings◆sb / sth's immediate environment / surroundings◆(a) rural environment / setting / surroundings / backdrop◆the / sb's / sth's natural environment / setting / surroundings / backdrop◆to provide / create an environment / a setting / surroundings / a background / a backdrop◆to adapt to / blend in with your / the environment / surroundings■ environment [countable] the conditions in a place that affect the behaviour and development of sb/sth （影响个体行为或事物发展的）环境◆For many, school seemed to be a hostile environment.对许多人来说，学校这个环境似乎是不利的。◆An unhappy home environment can affect children's behaviour.不幸的家庭环境可能会影响孩子的行为。◆We aim to provide a pleasant working environment.我们目的是要营造一个令人愉快的工作环境。 see also milieu ⇨ context ■ setting [countable] a place or situation of a particular type, in which sth happens or exists 环境；背景◆It was the perfect setting for a wonderful celebration.环境气氛无可挑剔，正适合办一场精彩的庆典。◆People behave differently in different social settings.人们在不同的社交场境下有不同的行为表现。■ surroundings [plural] everything that is around or near sb/sth 周遭环境◆His paintings try to capture the beauty of the surroundings.他的画试图捕捉周围环境的美。◆She was not aware of her surroundings for a while.过了一会儿，她才注意到周围的环境。■ background [countable, usually singular] the things or area behind or around the main objects or people in a place or picture 背景；后景◆The mountains in the background were capped with snow.远处的群山山峰覆盖着白雪。◆The areas of water stand out against the dark background.水域的部分在深色背景的映衬下很显眼。OPP the foreground ⇨ lead noun 1 ■ backdrop [countable, usually singular] (written) the scenery surrounding an event; the things or area behind the main objects in a place （事件发生时）周围的陪衬景物；背景◆The events took place against the dramatic backdrop of the Atlas mountains.这些事发生在美丽如画的阿特拉斯群山之中。◆White walls provide the perfect backdrop for wooden furniture.白色的墙壁成了木质家具极佳的陪衬。 |