| 例句 |
necessary adj.
⇨ necessary (necessary to do sth) ⇨ inevitable (a necessary condition/consequence) necessary adjective ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ essential 另见essential条necessary ♦︎ compulsory ♦︎ mandatory ♦︎ requisite ♦︎ obligatory ♦︎ forced ♦︎ involuntaryThese words all describe sth that sb has to do or have. 这些词均表示必须做的、必要的、强制性的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆it's necessary / compulsory / mandatory / obligatory for sb to do sth◆it's necessary / compulsory / mandatory / obligatory to do sth◆forced / involuntary repatriation◆almost / legally compulsory / obligatory■ necessary that is needed for a purpose or a reason 必需的；必要的◆It may be necessary to buy a new one.也许有必要买个新的了。◆Only use your car when absolutely necessary.不得已时才开车。◆If necessary, you can contact me at home.必要的话，我在家时你也可以和我联系。◆I'll make the necessary arrangements.我会做一些必要的安排。OPP unnecessary ⇨ unnecessary see also necessary ⇨ inevitable , necessitate ⇨ mean verb 3 ■ compulsory / /kəmˈpʌlsəri/ / (rather formal) that must be done because of a law or rule （按法律或规定）必须做的，强制的◆It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets.所有骑摩托车的人都必须强制戴头盔。◆English is a compulsory subject at this level.英语在这一级别是必修科目。OPP voluntary , optional ⇨ voluntary 1 see also compulsion ⇨ pressure 2 ■ mandatory / /ˈmændətəri; NAmE ˈmændətɔːri, BrE also mænˈdeɪtəri/ / (formal) that must be done because of a law （按法律）必须做的，强制的◆It is mandatory for blood banks to test all donated blood for the virus.血库一律要按规定检查所有捐献的血液是否含有这种病毒。◆The offence carries a mandatory life sentence.这种罪行依照法律要判无期徒刑。■ requisite / /ˈrekwɪzɪt/ / [only before noun] (formal) necessary for a particular purpose 必需的；必备的；必不可少的◆She lacks the requisite experience for the job.她缺少做这份工作所必需的经验。■ obligatory /əˈblɪgətri; NAmE əˈblɪgətɔːri/ (formal) that must be done because of a law or rule （按法律或规定）必须做的，强制的◆It is obligatory for all employees to wear protective clothing.所有员工必须强制穿防护服。ⓘ Obligatory is sometimes used humorously before a noun to talk about sth that often exists or is done, but that is not really necessary at all. * obligatory有时用于名词前，描述常有的或常做的但根本无甚必要的事，为幽默用法◆The hotel has a terrace with comfy chairs for that obligatory cocktail.这家旅馆有个露台，摆放着舒适的椅子，供人们喝上一杯那似乎是不可或缺的鸡尾酒。 OPP optional ⇨ voluntary 1 NOTE 辨析 Compulsory, mandatory or obligatory? Compulsory is used especially in the contexts of education, business and employment. * compulsory尤用于教育、商务和职业语境◆compulsory education / schooling / reading / subjects义务教育；必读材料；必修科目◆compulsory insurance / liquidation / purchase / redundancy / retirement强制性保险；强制清算／购买／裁员／退休 Mandatory is used especially in the context of the law. * mandatory尤用于法律语境◆a mandatory sentence / penalty / duty / requirement法定判决；依法惩处；法定义务／条件 Obligatory is often used to talk about rules and laws relating to safety, for example in sport or the workplace. * obligatory常用于描述跟安全相关的规定和法律，如体育运动的规则或工作场所的规章◆Recently safety regulations have made it obligatory for all competitors to wear fist protectors.最近，所有参赛者都必须按安全规定戴拳套。 ■ forced [usually before noun] happening or done without you wanting it to 被迫的；不得已的；非自愿的◆Many are unhappy about the forced repatriation of the refugees.很多人对强制遣返难民感到不满。◆I hope there will be no need for the forced sale of any property.我希望不会有强行变卖财产的必要。■ involuntary /ɪnˈvɒləntri; NAmE ɪnˈvɑːlənteri/ [usually before noun] (rather formal, written) happening or done without you wanting it to 被迫的；不得已的；非自愿的◆The distinction between voluntary and involuntary unemployment is often blurred.自愿失业和非自愿失业之间的区分往往很模糊。OPP voluntary ⇨ voluntary 1 NOTE 辨析 Forced or involuntary? Forced often suggests that sb is forcing sb to do sth; involuntary suggests that it is circumstances, not another person, that forces sb to do or be sth. * forced常指受他人所迫，involuntary指受环境所迫或所限◆forced unemployment However, involuntary can also be used when it is in fact the actions or decision of another person that forces sb to do sth, as a more formal and less direct (or less honest) way of saying forced. 不过，involuntary可用于指事实上是另一个人的行为或决定迫使某人做某事，是forced较为正式和不太直接（或不太坦率）的说法◆the forced / involuntary repatriation of the refugees对难民的强制性遣返 inevitable adjective inevitable ♦︎ necessary ♦︎ unavoidable ♦︎ inescapable ♦︎ inexorableThese words all describe sth that is impossible to avoid or prevent. 这些词均表示不可避免的、难以阻止的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an inevitable / a necessary / an unavoidable consequence◆an inevitable / a necessary / an inescapable conclusion / fact◆an inevitable / unavoidable delay / problem◆an inevitable / inescapable fact◆the inevitable / inexorable slide into / towards war, fascism, mediocrity, etc.◆the inevitable / inexorable decline / rise (of sth)◆seemingly inevitable / unavoidable / inescapable / inexorable◆almost inevitable / unavoidable / inescapable■ inevitable / /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ / (especially of sth unpleasant) that you cannot avoid or prevent （尤指不快之事）不可避免的，不能防止的◆It was an inevitable consequence of the decision.那是这个决定的必然后果。◆It was inevitable that there would be job losses.裁员已是不可避免的事。◆A rise in interest rates seems inevitable.利率上升似乎不可避免。 see also inevitability ⇨ certainty ▸ the inevitable noun [singular] ◆You have to accept the inevitable.你得接受必然发生的事。▸ inevitably adverb ◆Inevitably, the press exaggerated the story.新闻界照例又夸大了这件事。■ necessary [only before noun] (rather formal, written) that must exist or happen and cannot be avoided 必然的；无法避免的◆A necessary condition for a steep fall in demand is a widespread collapse in confidence.要使需求陡降，一个必要条件是人们普遍丧失信心。◆This is a necessary consequence of progress.这是发展的必然后果。ⓘ In this meaning necessary is used especially to describe the conditions or prerequisites that must exist before a particular thing can happen; or the results, outcome or consequence that must happen in a particular situation or after a particular event. 表达此义时，necessary多与condition或prerequisite连用，表示某事得以发生的前提条件；或者与result、outcome或consequence连用，表示在特定情况下或某一事件后必然发生的结果。 see also necessary ⇨ necessary ▸ necessarily adverb ◆The number of places available is necessarily limited.能提供的职位必定有限。■ unavoidable / /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbl/ / (of sth unpleasant) that you cannot avoid or prevent （不快之事）不可避免的，不能防止的◆All dates are approximate and are subject to unavoidable delays.所有日期都不确切，且延期不可避免。OPP avoidable ⇨ unnecessary ▸ unavoidably adverb ◆I was unavoidably delayed.我无奈被耽搁了。NOTE 辨析 Inevitable or unavoidable? Inevitable is much more frequent than unavoidable and has a much wider range of collocates. Unavoidable always describes sth unpleasant, especially delays and consequences. Things that are inevitable are often unpleasant, but do not have to be; collocates include change, comparison, conclusion, development, effect, outcome, part, product, question, response, result, tendency, conflict, tension and disappointment. * inevitable比unavoidable常用得多，搭配范围也更广。unavoidable总是描述不快之事，尤其是delay和consequence。inevitable常常但并非只能描述不快之事，搭配词有change、comparison、conclusion、development、effect、outcome、part、product、question、response、result、tendency、conflict、 tension和disappointment。■ inescapable / /ˌɪnɪˈskeɪpəbl/ / (of a fact or situation) that you cannot avoid or ignore （现实或状况）不可避免的，逃避不了的，不能忽视的◆It is an inescapable fact that how we eat affects how we feel.我们的饮食方式会影响我们的感受－这是个无法忽视的事实。▸ inescapably adverb ◆Despite its remodelling, the building remains inescapably linked to the past.尽管这座建筑经过翻修，依然不可避免地与过去联系在一起。■ inexorable / /ɪnˈeksərəbl/ / (formal) (of a process) that cannot be stopped or changed; (of logic) that cannot be argued against （过程）不可阻挡的，无法改变的；（逻辑）不容辩驳的◆What is the reason for the inexorable rise in crime?犯罪活动的增多无法阻遏，原因何在？◆This is where the inexorable logic of the theory breaks down.该理论不容辩驳的逻辑在这里瓦解了。▸ inexorably adverb ◆Pressure of population is leading inexorably towards a crisis.人口压力将不可避免地引发一场危机。 |