| 例句 |
need noun
⇨ need (children with special needs) ⇨ desire (the need to talk) ⇨ poverty (people in need) ⇨ reason (no need to do sth)need verb
⇨ need need noun need ♦︎ requirement ♦︎ necessity ♦︎ essential ♦︎ wantThese words are all words for sth that you need, or a situation in which sth is necessary. 这些词均表示必需品或必要、需要。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a need / requirement / necessity for sth◆basic needs / requirements / necessities / essentials◆a / an pressing / urgent / immediate / absolute / fundamental need / requirement / necessity◆a political / social / physical need / requirement / necessity◆human / bodily needs / wants◆the bare necessities / essentials◆to have a need / a requirement / wants◆to meet / satisfy sb's needs / requirements / wants◆to understand / be aware of / remove / reduce the need / requirement / necessity for sth■ need [singular, uncountable] the fact that sth must happen or be done 必要；需要；必须◆There is an urgent need for qualified teachers.迫切需要合格教师。◆There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.你明天不必早起。◆I had no need to open the letter－I knew what it would say.我没必要拆开那封信－我知道里面会说些什么。◆The house is in need of a thorough clean.这房子需要来个大扫除。ⓘ Your needs [plural] are the things that you must have in order to live in a comfortable way or achieve what you want. 复数形式的needs指达至生活舒适或成就某事所需要的事物◆First we will assess your financial needs.我们首先会评估你经济上的需要。◆Your role will be to support children with special educational needs.你的职责是帮助有特殊教育需要的儿童。 see also need ⇨ desire noun ■ requirement [countable] (formal) something that you need or want 所需的（或想要的）东西◆Our immediate requirement is extra staff.我们急需增加人手。◆These goods are surplus to requirements (= more than we need).这些货物超过了我们的需要。■ necessity / /nəˈsesəti/ / [countable] (rather formal) the fact that sth must happen or be done; sth that you must have and cannot manage without 必要；需要；必需的事物；必需品◆There had never been any necessity for her to go out to work.她从来就没有出去工作的必要。◆Many people cannot even afford basic necessities such as food and clothing.许多人甚至买不起食物和衣服之类的基本必需品。◆Air-conditioning is an absolute necessity in this climate.这样的气候绝对需要有空调。 see also necessitate ⇨ mean verb 3 ■ essential [countable, usually plural] something that you must have in a particular situation or in order to do a particular thing 必不可少的东西；必需品◆I only had time to pack the bare essentials (= the most necessary things).我只来得及装上最基本的用品。◆The studio had all the essentials like heating and running water.工作室里备有基本设施，如暖气装置和自来水。ⓘ Essentials are often described as bare or basic. 常用bare或basic描述essentials。 see also essential ⇨ essential adj. ■ want [countable, usually plural] something that you must have and cannot manage without, especially in order to live （尤指维持生存所需的）必需品；需要的东西◆The snail does not need to travel far to satisfy all its bodily wants.蜗牛不必爬远就能满足身体的所有需要。 see also want ⇨ desire noun NOTE 辨析 Necessities, essentials or wants? Wants are usually the most basic and physical of these: things that your body needs in order to go on living; the most common collocates are human and bodily. Essentials are usually more practical: the basic things that you need in order to do a particular thing or activity. Necessities is a more general word and can cover both physical and practical needs. 这些词中，wants通常是最基本和最实质的东西，即身体为维持生存所需的东西，最常见的搭配词是human和bodily。essentials通常更实际一些，指做特定的事或活动所需要的基本东西。necessities含义更广，既可指身体的需要，也可指实务上的需要。 desire noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ hope noun 2 另见hope名词词条第2义desire ♦︎ need ♦︎ wish ♦︎ temptation ♦︎ urge ♦︎ impulse ♦︎ inclination ♦︎ whim ♦︎ want ♦︎ compulsionThese are all words for a feeling, especially a strong one, that you would like to have or do sth. 这些词均表示想望、渴望、欲望。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a desire / a need / a wish / an urge / an inclination for sth◆the desire / need / wish / temptation / urge / impulse / inclination / compulsion to do sth◆a strong desire / need / wish / temptation / urge / impulse / inclination◆an overwhelming desire / need / temptation / urge / impulse◆an irresistible desire / temptation / urge / impulse◆a natural desire / wish / temptation / urge / impulse / inclination◆a sudden desire / need / urge / impulse / inclination / whim◆sexual desires / needs / urges / impulses / inclinations◆to have a desire / a need / a wish / a temptation / an urge / an impulse / an inclination / wants / a compulsion◆to feel a desire / a need / a temptation / an urge / an impulse / an inclination / a compulsion◆to express / make known a desire / need / wish◆to satisfy a desire / a need / an urge / impulse / sb's whims / sb's wants◆to pander to sb's wishes / whims / wants◆to resist / fight a desire / a temptation / an urge / an impulse■ desire [countable, uncountable] (rather formal, especially written) a feeling that you want to have or do sth 想望；欲望；渴望◆Most children have an insatiable desire for knowledge.大多数儿童都有永不满足的求知欲。◆She felt an overwhelming desire to return home.她感到有一种难以遏制的想回家的愿望。◆He now had enough money to satisfy all his desires.他现在有足够的钱来满足自己所有的欲望。◆ (formal) I have no desire (= I do not want) to discuss the matter further.我不想再谈此事。 see also desire ⇨ want verb ■ need [countable, uncountable] a strong feeling that you want or must have or do sth 渴望；迫切需要◆She felt the need to talk to someone.她特别想和人聊聊。◆I'm in need of some fresh air.我需要呼吸点新鲜空气。◆It can be difficult to express our needs and desires.表达自己的需求和想望并非易事。 see also need ⇨ need noun , need ⇨ need verb NOTE 辨析 Desire or need?A need is usually stronger than a desire: it is usually sth which you feel you must have, not just sth that you would like; when it is used in negative sentences, however, it can mean sth that you don't want. * need通常比desire强烈，指渴望得到某物不仅是因为喜欢，更是出于迫切需要；但在否定句中need可表示不想要的事物◆She had no more need of me (= did not want me any more).她再也不需要我了。 ■ wish [countable] (especially written) a feeling that you want to have or do sth 愿望；希望◆I can understand her wish for secrecy.我可以理解她想保守秘密的愿望。◆He had no wish to start a fight.他无意挑起争斗。◆His dearest wish (= what he wants most of all) is to see his grandchildren again.他最大的愿望是能够再次见到自己的孙儿。◆It was her dying wish that I should have it.她的临终遗愿是把这东西留给我。 see also wish ⇨ want verb , wish ⇨ wish noun NOTE 辨析 Desire or wish?When it is used alone, desire only suggests a slightly stronger feeling than wish. However, desire is often used with adjectives such as deep, great, urgent, burning, insatiable and overwhelming, expressing a much stronger feeling; wish is not often used with these adjectives. * desire单独使用时仅指比wish稍强烈些的愿望，但desire经常与形容词deep、great、urgent、burning、insatiable和overwhelming等连用，表示十分强烈的愿望；wish不常与这些形容词连用。■ temptation / /tempˈteɪʃn/ / [countable, uncountable] the desire to do or have sth that you know is bad or wrong 诱惑；引诱◆The temptation of easy profits was too much for them.轻而易举即可获利，这种诱惑让他们无法抗拒。◆Don't give in to temptation.别经不起诱惑。◆I couldn't resist the temptation to open the letter.我按捺不住好奇心，把信打开了。 see also tempt ⇨ tempt verb ■ urge [countable] a strong feeling that you must do sth, especially one that is hard to control or hard to understand 强烈的欲望；（难以控制或理解的）冲动◆I had a sudden urge to hit him.我突然很想揍他一顿。◆Freud claimed that this behaviour was caused by the repression of sexual urges.弗洛伊德声称这种行为是性压抑造成的。 see also urgent ⇨ urgent NOTE 辨析 Need or urge?Both these words often describe feelings that seem to come from the body rather than the mind. 这两个词均常指来自身体而非大脑的欲望◆a / an biological / instinctive / primitive need / urge生理／本能／原始的欲望◆sexual needs / urges性需求；性冲动However, needs are usually feelings that are shared by a lot of people and are easy to understand and accept; an urge may be less easy to understand and sth that you try to prevent yourself from doing or expressing. 不过，need通常为许多人共有且容易理解和接受的欲望，urge则可能是较不易理解且尽量避免付诸实现或表达出来的欲望◆She felt a violent urge to laugh, but suppressed it, with difficulty.她很想大笑，可还是竭力忍住了。 ■ impulse / /ˈɪmpʌls/ / [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a sudden strong desire to do sth, without stopping to think about the results 冲动；心血来潮的念头◆He had a sudden impulse to stand up and sing.他突然心血来潮，想站起来唱歌。◆Her first impulse was to run away.她的第一个念头就是逃走。◆The door was open and on an impulse she went inside.门开着，她一时心血来潮就走了进去。◆He tends to act on impulse.他往往凭一时冲动行事。 see also impulsive ⇨ spontaneous ■ inclination / /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) a feeling that makes you want to do sth 倾向；意愿◆He did not show the slightest inclination to leave.他丝毫没有表现出要离开的意思。◆He was a loner by nature and by inclination.他生性不喜欢交际，而且也无意于此。◆You must follow your own inclinations when choosing a career.你必须按照自己的意愿选择职业。ⓘ An inclination may not be a very strong feeling: people act according to their inclinations when there is no stronger force to work against them. When people lack any inclination to do sth, it shows that they do not want to do it at all. * inclination可能是一种不太强烈的意愿。在没有更强的反对力量干扰下，人都是按自己的意愿行事。缺乏做某事的意愿，就表明根本不想做这件事。 see also inclined to do sth ⇨ prone to sth ■ whim / /wɪm/ / [countable] (often disapproving) a sudden desire to do or have sth, especially when it is sth unusual or unnecessary 心血来潮；一时冲动；突发奇想◆He was forced to pander to her every whim.她每一次心血来潮他都得顺着她。◆We bought the house on a whim.我们一时冲动就买了这所房子。◆She hires and fires people at whim (= as and when she wants to, without good reason).她任意地雇用人和解雇人。■ want [countable, usually plural] something that you want 需要的东西；想要的东西◆She spent her life pandering to the wants of her children.她一生都在设法满足子女的需要。ⓘ In this meaning, wants is usually used in a possessive phrase such as my/your/his/her/our/their/the customers' wants or the wants of sb. 表达此义时，wants通常用在所有格短语中，如my/your/his/her/our/their/the customers' wants或the wants of sb。 see also want ⇨ need noun , want ⇨ want verb ■ compulsion / /kəmˈpʌlʃn/ / (rather formal, written) a strong desire to do sth that you cannot easily control, especially sth that is wrong, silly or dangerous （尤指做错事、傻事或危险事的）强烈欲望，冲动◆He felt a great compulsion to drive too fast.他感到一股想超速飙车的强烈冲动。◆Obsessions and compulsions often develop in people who live stressful lives.生活压力大的人常常会产生痴迷和易于冲动。 see also compelling ⇨ urgent poverty noun poverty ♦︎ need ♦︎ deprivation ♦︎ privation ♦︎ destitutionThese are all words for the state of having very little money, especially when this is not enough for basic needs. 这些词均表示贫困，尤指缺乏生活基本所需。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in poverty / need / destitution◆poverty / need / deprivation among...◆great poverty / need / deprivation / privation◆extreme / real poverty / need / deprivation◆rural / inner-city / urban poverty / deprivation◆economic poverty / need / deprivation / privation◆material poverty / need / deprivation◆to endure / suffer poverty / deprivation / privation■ poverty / /ˈpɒvəti; NAmE ˈpɑːvərti/ [uncountable] the state of being poor 贫困；贫穷◆Thousands of families are living in abject / dire poverty in the shanty towns.数以千计的家庭住在贫民区，生活极度贫困。◆There are millions living on incomes below the poverty line (= who are too poor to afford necessary items).数百万人收入很少，生活在贫困线以下。OPP wealth ⇨ money 3 see also poor ⇨ poor 1 , hardship ⇨ trouble 2 ■ need [uncountable] the state of not having enough food, money or support （食物、钱或支持的）短缺，缺乏◆The charity aims to provide assistance to people in need.这家慈善机构的宗旨是向贫困者提供帮助。◆He helped me in my hour of need.在我困难的时候他帮助过我。 see also needy ⇨ poor 1 ■ deprivation /ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃn/ / [uncountable] (rather formal) a lack of the basic things that people need for living, such as enough money, food, clothes and care （生活必需品如钱、衣食和照顾等的）缺乏；贫困◆In the inner cities you will find neglected children suffering from social deprivation.在内城区总能看到遭社会遗弃无人照管的儿童。 see also deprived ⇨ poor 1 ■ privation / /praɪˈveɪʃn/ / [countable, usually plural, uncountable] (formal) a lack of the basic things that people need for living, such as enough money, food or clothes （生活必需品如钱、衣食等的）匮乏；贫困◆They suffered all the privations of poverty.他们饱尝了所有的艰难困苦。◆They endured years of suffering and privation.他们饱受多年的煎熬和贫困。■ destitution /ˌdestɪˈtjuːʃn; NAmE ˌdestɪˈtuːʃn/ [uncountable] the state of having no money, food, home, etc. 贫穷；赤贫◆Help from local charities meant that the degree of deprivation stopped short of actual destitution.当地慈善机构给予的帮助使贫困者不至于一贫如洗。 see also destitute ⇨ poor 1 NOTE 辨析 Deprivation, privation or destitution? Privation and deprivation mean the lack of basic things such as proper food, clothes, etc. Deprivation can also mean a lack of care, for example the care that adults should take of children. Destitution is what you experience when you have no job, no money and no home. * privation和deprivation意为基本衣食的匮乏。deprivation还可以指缺乏照顾，如成人对儿童的照顾。destitution指没有工作、没有钱、没有家等一无所有的境地。 reason noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ argument 2 另见argument条第2义reason ♦︎ explanation ♦︎ grounds ♦︎ basis ♦︎ excuse ♦︎ motive ♦︎ need ♦︎ justification ♦︎ cause ♦︎ pretextThese are all words for why sth has happened or sb has done sth. 这些词均表示原因、理由、理据。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a reason / an explanation / grounds / a basis / an excuse / a motive / a need / justification / cause / a pretext for sth◆the reason / motive behind sth◆on the grounds / basis / pretext of / that...◆the reason / grounds / basis / excuse / justification / pretext that...◆(an) obvious reason / explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / need / justification / cause / pretext◆(a) clear / legitimate reason / grounds / excuse / motive / need / justification / cause / pretext◆(a) logical / personal / no apparent reason / explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / need / justification / cause◆(a) good / valid reason / explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / justification / cause◆(a) convincing reason / explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / justification / pretext◆(a) reasonable explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / need / justification / cause / pretext◆the real reason / explanation / grounds / motive / justification / cause◆to have a reason / an explanation / grounds / an excuse / a motive / a justification / cause / a pretext◆to give / offer (sb) a reason / an explanation / an excuse / a justification / a pretext◆to suggest a reason / an explanation / grounds / a motive / a justification◆to see / understand / explain (the / sb's) reasons / grounds / motive / justification■ reason [countable, uncountable] why sth has happened or sb has done sth; a fact that makes it right or fair to do sth （某事发生或做某事的）原因；正当理由；情理◆I'd like to know the reason why you're so late.我想知道你为什么迟到那么长时间。◆He said no but he didn't give a reason.他说不行，但没有说明原因。◆We aren't going for the simple reason that we can't afford it.我们不去，只是因为我们负担不起。◆For some reason (= one that I don't know or don't understand) we all have to come in early tomorrow.由于某种原因，我们大家明天都得一早就来。◆For reasons of security the door is always kept locked.为安全起见，门总是锁着的。◆They have reason to believe that he is lying.他们有理由认为他在撒谎。◆She complained, with reason (= rightly), that she had been underpaid.她抱怨给她的报酬太低，这是有道理的。 see also reason ⇨ conclude verb , reasoned ⇨ rational ■ explanation [countable, uncountable] a statement, fact or situation that tells you why sth has happened; a reason given for sth 解释；说明；阐述◆The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed.最可能的解释是他的飞机晚点了。◆I can't think of any possible explanation for his absence.我想不出他缺席的任何理由。◆The book opens with an explanation of why some drugs are banned.本书开篇阐述了禁用某些药物的原因。◆She left the room abruptly without explanation.她未作解释就突然离开了房间。 see also explain ⇨ explain 2 ■ grounds [plural] (rather formal) a good or true reason for saying, doing or believing sth （说话、做事或相信某事的）充分的理由，根据◆You have no grounds for complaint.你没有理由抱怨。◆He retired from the job on health grounds.他因健康原因离职。◆Employers cannot discriminate on grounds of age.雇主不得有年龄歧视。■ basis [singular] (rather formal) the reason why people take a particular action 原因；缘由◆She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications and ideas.她因资质和理念适合而获选担任这一职位。◆On what basis will this decision be made?作出这个决定的缘由会是什么？ⓘ Basis is usually used in the phrases on the basis of/that... or On what basis...? * basis通常用于短语on the basis of/that ...或On what basis ...?。■ excuse / /ɪkˈskjuːs/ / [countable] a reason, either true or invented, that you give to explain or defend your behaviour; a good reason that you give for doing sth that you want to do for other reasons 借口；（真实或编造的）原因；（正当的）理由◆Late again! What's your excuse this time?又迟到了！你这次有什么借口？◆There's no excuse for such behaviour.这种行为说不过去。◆You don't have to make excuses for her (= try to think of reasons for her behaviour).你不必为她开脱了。◆It gave me an excuse to take the car.这使我有理由开车去。 see also excuse ⇨ forgive verb ■ motive / /ˈməʊtɪv; NAmE ˈmoʊtɪv/ [countable] a reason that explains sb's behaviour 动机；（解释某人行为的）原因◆There seemed to be no motive for the murder.这起谋杀案看似没有动机。◆I'm suspicious of his motives.我怀疑他的动机。◆I have an ulterior motive in offering to help you.我主动提出要帮助你是有私心的。 see also motivation ⇨ incentive ■ need [singular, uncountable] (usually used in negative statements 通常用于否定陈述) a good reason to do sth 需要；必须◆There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.你明天不必早起。◆I had no need to open the letter－I knew what it would say.我没必要拆开那封信－我知道里面会说些什么。ⓘ In this meaning, need is almost always used in the phrases There is/was no need (for sb) to do sth. and have no need to do sth. 表达此义时，need几乎总是用于短语There is/was no need (for sb) to do sth和have no need to do sth。■ justification /ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) a good reason why sth exists or is done （某事物存在或做某事的）正当理由◆I can see no possible justification for any further tax increases.我看不出还有何理由再加税。◆The government is struggling to find a justification for this war.政府在为这场战争竭力寻找理由。 see also justify ⇨ explain 2 NOTE 辨析 Grounds or justification? Justification is used to talk about finding or understanding reasons for actions, or trying to explain why it is a good idea to do sth. It is often used with words like little, no, some, every, without, and not any. Grounds is used more for talking about reasons that already exist, or that have already been decided, for example by law. * justification用于表示想知道或想明白为什么会这么做，或力图说明为什么应这么做，常与little、no、some、every、without和not any等词连用。grounds多指现成的理由，或已确定的根据，如法律上的◆moral / economic / constitutional / environmental / ethical / medical / legal grounds道德／经济／宪法／环境／伦理／医学／法律依据 ■ cause [uncountable] (rather formal) a reason for having particular feelings or behaving in a particular way （有某种感受或做某种行为的）理由，动机，缘故◆There is no cause for alarm / concern.没有理由惊慌／担忧。◆If your child is absent without good cause (= without a good reason), you may receive a warning from the school board.如果你的孩子无故缺席，你将收到校董事会的警告。■ pretext / /ˈpriːtekst/ / [countable, usually singular] (rather formal) a false reason that you give for doing sth, usually sth bad, in order to hide the real reason （为了掩盖真实原因的）借口，托词◆The incident was used as a pretext for intervention in the area.这次事件成了干涉该地区的借口。◆He left the party early on the pretext of having work to do.他借口有事要处理，早早离开了聚会。 need verb need ♦︎ require ♦︎ rely on/upon sb/sth ♦︎ want ♦︎ call for sth ♦︎ demandThese words all mean to want to have sb/sth that is essential or very important. 这些词均表示需要、必需。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to really need / require / want / call for / demand sth◆to just need / require / want sth◆to still need / require / rely on / call for sth◆to urgently need / require / want sb / sth◆to clearly / obviously need / require / call for / demand sth■ need [transitive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) to want to have sb/sth because they are/it is essential or very important, not just because you would like to have them/it 需要；必需◆Do you need any help?你需要帮忙吗？◆Don't go－I might need you.别走，我可能需要你帮忙。◆They badly needed a change.他们迫切需要一场变革。◆Food aid is urgently needed.迫切需要食物援助。◆This shirt needs washing.这件衬衫该洗了。◆I need to get some sleep.我需要睡会儿觉。 see also need ⇨ desire noun ■ require [transitive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) (formal) to need sth; to depend on sb/sth 需要；依靠；依赖◆This condition requires urgent treatment.这种情况得紧急处理。◆These lentils do not require soaking before cooking.这些小扁豆在烹调前无须浸泡。◆The situation required that he be present.这种情形需要他在场。■ reˈly on/upon sb/sth phrasal verb to need or depend on sb/sth, especially in order to be able to continue doing sth （尤指为继续做某事）依赖，依靠◆As babies, we rely entirely on others for food.在婴儿时期，我们完全依赖别人喂食。◆These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.现在，我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排我们的工作。◆The industry relies on the price of raw materials remaining low.这一产业靠的是原料便宜，不涨价。ⓘ Rely upon sb/sth is more formal than rely on sb/sth. * rely upon sb/sth较rely on sb/sth正式。 see also rely on/upon sb/sth ⇨ trust ■ want [transitive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) (rather informal, especially spoken) to need sth 需要◆What this house wants is a good clean.这房子需要好好打扫一下。◆The plants want watering daily.这些花草需要天天浇水。ⓘ If a person is wanted somewhere, they are needed to be present in the place or for the purpose mentioned. * sb is wanted指需要某人在场◆She's wanted immediately in the director's office.她得马上到主任办公室去。◆Excuse me, you're wanted on the phone.对不起，有你的电话。 ■ ˈcall for sth phrasal verb (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (of a situation) to need sth or cause sb to need sth （形势）需要◆The situation calls for prompt action.目前的形势需要立即采取行动。◆'I've been promoted.' 'This calls for a celebration!'“我升职了。”“那得庆祝一下！”ⓘ Call for sth is mainly used to talk about what is needed as a result of a particular situation, especially in the phrase This calls for a celebration/a drink/patience/new ways of thinking. * call for sth主要指在特定的形势下需要做某事，尤用于短语This calls for a celebration/a drink/patience/new ways of thinking（那得庆祝一下／喝一杯；那需要耐心／新的思维方式）。■ demand [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (rather formal) to need sth in order to be done successfully （为顺利完成）需要◆This sport demands both speed and strength.这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。ⓘ Demand is typically used to talk about situations which need qualities in people which relate to strength, hard work or high moral standards. * demand通常指需要人的体力、勤奋或道德水准达到一定要求◆This demands commitment / skill / courage / mental effort / maturity / respect / honesty.这需要献身精神／技巧／勇气／努力思考／成熟／尊重／诚实。 |