| 例句 |
old adj.
⇨ old 1 (old habits) ⇨ old 2 (an old man/woman) ⇨ previous 2 (I went back to visit my old school.) ⇨ former (my old house/school) ⇨ the old days ⇨ pastold1 adjective old habits 旧习惯an old man/woman 老翁；老妇formermy old house/school/jobpreviousthe old daysold ♦︎ ancient ♦︎ long-standing ♦︎ antiqueThese words all describe sth that has existed for a long time. 这些词均表示存在已久的、古老的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an old / an ancient / a long-standing tradition / belief / method / problem◆an old / ancient / antique chair / clock / coin◆an old / ancient custom / way / ritual / city / civilization■ old that has existed or been used for a long time 存在（或使用）时间长的；陈旧的；古老的◆This carpet's getting pretty old now.这块地毯现在已经很旧了。◆It's not easy to break old habits.改掉旧习惯不容易。◆He always gives the same old excuses.他总是找那些老掉牙的借口。◆It's one of the oldest remaining parts of the church.这是教堂现存最古老的部分之一。 OPP new ⇨ new 1 2 ■ ancient / /ˈeɪnʃənt/ / that has existed for a very long time; that belongs to a period of history that is thousands of years in the past 古老的；古代的◆The area is still covered by huge ancient forests.该地区依然覆盖着大片大片的原始森林。◆This philosophy dates back to ancient Greece.这一学说可以追溯到古希腊时期。◆ (humorous) He's ancient－he must be at least fifty!他老得很了，肯定至少有五十岁！OPP modern ⇨ recent see also historic ⇨ famous ■ ˌlong-ˈstanding [usually before noun] (rather formal) that has existed for a long time 存在已久的；悠久的◆The country's long-standing relationship with the US was finally under strain.这个国家与美国之间的悠久关系终于变得紧张起来。◆Long-standing grievances were aired at the meeting.由来已久的委屈在会上都说了出来。ⓘ Long-standing can describe relationships, customs and feelings but not objects, places or people. * long-standing可以描述关系、习俗和感情，但不能描述物品、地方或人。 OPP recent ⇨ recent ■ antique / /ænˈtiːk/ / [usually before noun](of furniture, jewellery, etc.) old and often valuable （家具、珠宝等）古老的，古董的◆It's an antique mahogany desk that belonged to my great-grandfather.这张古老的红木办公桌是我曾祖父留下来的。 old2 adjective old habits 旧习惯an old man/woman 老翁；老妇formermy old house/school/jobpreviousthe old daysold ♦︎ elderly ♦︎ aged ♦︎ long-lived ♦︎ matureThese words all describe sb/sth that has lived for a long time or that usually lives for a long time. 这些词均表示人年纪大的、长寿的或事物寿命长的、耐久的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an old / an elderly / an aged / a long-lived / a mature man / woman◆an old / an elderly / an aged / a mature gentleman / lady / couple◆sb's old / elderly / aged father / mother / aunt / uncle / relative■ old having lived for a long time; no longer young 老的；年纪大的；不年轻的◆She's getting old－she's 75 next year.她上年纪了，明年就75岁了。◆The old man lay propped up on cushions.老人靠在垫子上躺着。◆These are some of the oldest trees in the world.这些是世界上一些最老的树。OPP young ⇨ young ▸ the old noun [plural] ◆The old (= old people) feel the cold more than the young.老年人比年轻人怕冷。■ elderly (rather formal) (of people) used as a polite word for 'old' （人）年纪较大的，上了年纪的（old的委婉语）◆She is very busy caring for two elderly relatives.她在忙着照料两名上了年纪的亲戚。OPP young ⇨ young ▸ the elderly noun [plural] ◆caring for the elderly照顾老人■ aged / /ˈeɪdʒɪd/ / (formal) (usually of people) very old （通常指人）年迈的，年老的◆Having aged relatives to stay in your house can be quite stressful.年迈的亲戚住在家里有时会让人相当紧张。◆ (informal, humorous) I'm not sure if my aged car can make it up that hill.我拿不准我的老爷车是否能爬上那座山。 OPP young ⇨ young ▸ the aged noun [plural] ◆The authorities have a duty to provide services for the sick and the aged (= very old people).当局有责任为病人和老人提供服务。■ ˌlong-ˈlived having a long life; lasting for a long time 寿命长的；长寿的；经久耐用的；持久的◆Trout are a long-lived species.鲑鳟鱼是长寿的物种。◆Everyone in my family is exceptionally long-lived.我们家每个人都特别长寿。◆Good management was essential to the creation of a long-lived, successful business.良好的管理对创建可长久经营的成功企业至关重要。■ mature /məˈtʃʊə(r), məˈtjʊ(r); NAmE məˈtʃʊr, məˈtʊr/ used as a polite or humorous way of saying that sb is no longer young （礼貌或幽默的说法）成熟的，不再年轻的◆The shop specializes in clothes for the mature woman.这家商店专营成熟女性的服装。◆He's a man of mature years.他已人到中年。 see also mature ⇨ adult previous adjective previous ♦︎ old ♦︎ former ♦︎ past ♦︎ prior ♦︎ distant ♦︎ remote ♦︎ bygoneThese words all describe sth belonging to an earlier time. 这些词均表示过去的、从前的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a) previous / former / past / distant / remote / bygone era / times◆a previous / past / distant / remote / bygone age◆a previous / former / past / prior existence◆(a) previous / past experience / history / life◆a previous / former / past owner / president / prime minister◆a previous / prior engagement◆previous / prior knowledge◆former / past glories◆the distant / remote past◆a distant / remote ancestor◆very / fairly old / distant / remote■ previous [only before noun] happening or existing before the event or object that you are talking about 先前的；以往的◆No previous experience is necessary for this job.这一工作无需相关经验。◆The car has only had one previous owner.这辆车只有过一位车主。◆She is his daughter from a previous marriage.她是他和前妻的女儿。◆We had met on two previous occasions.我们以前见过两次面。OPP current ⇨ recent , future ⇨ next ▸ previously adverb ◆The building had previously been used as a hotel.这座楼以前曾是旅馆。 OPP currently ⇨ recent ■ old [only before noun] belonging to an earlier time or to an earlier time in your life 过去的；（人生中）从前的◆Things were different in the old days.从前的情况可不一样。◆I went back to visit my old school.我回去拜访了母校。■ former [only before noun] (rather formal) gone by in time; belonging to an earlier time 过去的；昔日的◆This fine ruin was, in former times, a royal castle.这个保留完好的遗址以前是座皇家城堡。◆The historic quarter of the city has been restored to its former glory.具有历史意义的城区已经恢复了昔日的壮丽。◆It is one of the countries of the former Soviet Union.它是前苏联国家之一。▸ formerly adverb ◆I learned that the house had formerly been an inn.我得知这所房子以前是家客栈。■ past [usually before noun] gone by in time; belonging to an earlier time 过去的；昔日的◆In past years the industry received large subsidies.在过去，这一行业得到很多的补贴。◆The book is a celebration of working class life in times past.这本书颂扬了过去工人阶级的生活。◆The time for discussion is past.讨论时间已过。◆From past experience I'd say he'd probably forgotten the time.根据过去的经验，我想他可能忘记时间了。◆The reunion is for past and present students of the college.这次重聚同乐会是为老校友和在校学生举办的。◆Let's forget about who was more to blame－it's all past history.咱们别提谁更应该受责怪了吧，那都是陈年旧账了。OPP present ⇨ recent , future ⇨ next see also the past ⇨ past NOTE 辨析 Old, former or past? Old is used especially to talk about things from your own life. * old尤用于形容自己人生中以前的事物◆my old school / teacher / colleagues我的母校／以前的老师／老同事You can use former in these cases but it sounds rather formal; past cannot be used. 在这些场合也可以用former，但会显得相当正式，past则不能用◆my past school/teacher/friends/colleagues Your old friends are friends that you have known for a long time; your former friends are people who are no longer your friends. Old is not used to talk about times that have gone by, except in the phrase the old days. * old friends指相识很久的老朋友；former friends指以前的朋友，现在不是朋友了。old不用于表示“过去的年代”，只有在短语the old days中才有这个含义◆an old age/era ◆in old times/years/centuries You can use either former or past in these cases: former sounds more formal; past sounds more personal or more literary. You can talk about your own past experience: these are things that have happened to you in the past, or what you have learnt from them; your previous experience is usually experience of a particular type of work. 在这些场合可以用former或past，former显得较正式，past显得更私人化或更有文学韵味。past experience指以前经历过的事情或从中得到的经验教训，previous experience通常指某一类工作的相关经历◆your old/former experience Former can describe a country or organization that no longer exists or has changed. * former可以形容不复存在的或已经改变的国家或组织◆the former Yugoslav republic前南斯拉夫共和国◆the old/past Yugoslav republic ■ prior / /ˈpraɪə(r)/ / [only before noun] (formal) previous 先前的；以往的◆Visits are by prior arrangement.来访须预约。◆This information must not be disclosed without prior written consent.未事先征得书面许可，此消息不得泄露。◆They have a prior claim (= already existing and therefore more important) to the property.他们有权优先获得此处房产。ⓘ Prior is a more formal way of saying previous, especially when you are talking about making arrangements, giving permission, or deciding which of two people or things is more important; collocates include arrangement, engagement, commitment, notice, notification, warning, consent, approval, authorization, permission and claim. * prior是previous较正式的说法，尤用于谈论安排、许可或确定两者中哪个更重要。与prior搭配的词有arrangement、engagement、commitment、notice、notification、warning、consent、approval、authorization、permission和claim。■ distant [usually before noun] far away in time （时间上）遥远的；久远的◆The time we spent together is now a distant memory.我们一起度过的时光现已成为遥远的记忆。◆We will be moving house in the not too distant future (= quite soon).我们很快就要搬家。■ remote /rɪˈməʊt; NAmE rɪˈmoʊt/ [only before noun] very far away in time （时间上）遥远的；久远的◆a remote ancestor (= one who lived a long time ago) 远祖NOTE 辨析 Distant or remote?The distant past/future is not always as far away in time as the remote past/future. You can talk about the not too distant past/future, meaning 'not very long ago/quite soon', but not◆the not too remote past/future * distant past/future不一定如remote past/future久远。not too distant past/future指不久之前或不远的将来，但不说the not too remote past/future。■ bygone /ˈbaɪgɒn; NAmE ˈbaɪgɔːn, ˈbaɪgɑːn/ [only before noun] (written) belonging to an earlier time 以前的；以往的；昔日的◆The horse and cart belongs to a bygone era.马车属于过去的时代。 former adjective former ♦︎ old ♦︎ then ♦︎ ex-These words all describe sb/sth that used to have a particular position or status in the past. 这些词均表示昔日的、原先的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's former / old / then / ex-partner / boyfriend / girlfriend◆sb's former / then / ex-husband / wife◆sb's former / old / then boss◆a former / an old / an ex-lover / colleague / member◆a former / an old friend / ally / enemy◆the former / then / ex-president / ambassador◆a former / an old / an ex-student◆a former / an ex-communist / king / patient / smoker◆a former / an old / an ex-colony■ former [only before noun] (rather formal) that used to have a particular position or status in the past 昔日的；前◆She's the former world champion.她是前世界冠军。 OPP current ⇨ recent , future ⇨ next ■ old [only before noun] used to refer to sth that has been replaced by sth else （用于指称被替代的东西）原来的，原先的◆We had more room in our old house.我们原先的房子比较宽敞。◆I met up with some old school friends.我跟几个老校友见了面。 OPP new ⓘ A new person or thing is one that you have not met, had or experienced before. * new指新的、新颖的、以前未体验过的◆He's made a lot of new friends.他交了许多新朋友。◆When do you start your new job?你什么时候开始新工作？◆This is a new experience for me.这是我的一次新体验。◆Our system is probably new to you.你也许不熟悉我们的系统。 ■ then [only before noun] used to refer to sb who had a particular title or position at the time in the past that is being discussed 当时（任职）的◆That decision was taken more than ten years ago by the then president.那个决定是十多年前由当时的总统作出的。 OPP current ⇨ recent ■ ex- combining form former 前◆My ex-wife and I are not on speaking terms.我的前妻和我现在连话都不说。 OPP current ⇨ recent , future ⇨ next NOTE 辨析 Former or ex-? Former has a wider range of collocates than ex-. 与ex-相比，former的搭配词范围更广◆sb's ex-boss/friend/ally/enemy When ex- can be used it is less formal than former and is preferred in spoken English. * ex-不如former正式，一般用于口语中。 the past noun the past ♦︎ history ♦︎ the old daysThese are all words for the time before the present. 这些词均表示昔日。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in the past / (sth's) history / the old days◆sth's colourful / rich / chequered / glorious past / history◆sth's cultural / political / imperial / industrial past / history◆(the / sth's) recent / ancient / medieval past / history◆to be lost in (the) past / history◆to distort / rewrite (the) past / history■ the past [singular] the time before the present 过去；昔日◆I used to go there often in the past.过去我常去那儿。◆Don't worry about it－it's all in the past now.别再为那事烦了－都已经过去了。◆It all happened in the distant past.那都是很久以前的事了。◆We have to stop living in the past and invest in new technology.我们不能永远活在过去，必须投资新技术。◆Writing letters seems to be a thing of the past.写信好像已是旧时的事情了。 see also past ⇨ previous adj. ■ history [uncountable, singular] all the events that happened in an earlier time, especially as part of the political or social development of a country; the set of facts that are known about the past existence of a place or group of people 历史；（某地方或某人群的）发展史◆Many people throughout history have dreamt of a world without war.历史上很多人梦想过没有战争的世界。◆These events changed the course of history.这些事件改变了历史的轨迹。◆He will go down in history (= be remembered) as a wise politician and a kind man.他将作为睿智的政治家和善良的人载入史册。◆The country has suffered several invasions during its history.该国历史上经历了几次外国入侵。◆Venice has a rich and colourful history.威尼斯的历史丰富多彩。▸ historical adjective ◆the historical background to the war这场战争的历史背景◆historical documents / records / research历史文献／档案／研究◆a historical novel / setting历史小说；历史背景▸ historically adverb ◆The book is historically inaccurate.这本书与史实不符。■ the old days idiom (rather informal) a time in the past, or an earlier time in sb's life, when things were different from the way they are now （与现在有别的）昔日，过去◆Meeting up with school friends reminded her again of the good old days.和老同学见面让她回忆起昔日的美好时光。◆That was in the bad old days of rampant inflation.那是在过去通胀失控的苦难日子。◆Deciding what to watch on television was so much easier in the old days.过去，决定看什么电视节目比现在容易多了。 |