英语词汇“charge”的释义、区别辨析及用法例句-英语同义词词典

charge noun
⇨ charge (face criminal charges) ⇨ excitement (get a real charge out of sth) ⇨ rate 2 (make a small charge for refreshments) ⇨ responsibility (take charge of sth) ⇨ free of charge ⇨ free adj. 2 ⇨ be in charge ⇨ run verb 2charge verb
⇨ charge (charge sb half price) ⇨ accuse (charged with murder) ⇨ attack 2 (charge at the enemy) ⇨ run 1 (The kids were charging around.)

charge

noun

charge

♦︎

accusation

♦︎

indictment

♦︎

impeachment

♦︎

recriminationThese are all words for a claim that sb has done sth wrong or is guilty of sth. 这些词均表示控告、指控、指责。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆a charge / an accusation / an indictment / recriminations against sb

◆a charge / an accusation of sth

◆a charge / an accusation that...

◆a formal / serious charge / accusation / indictment

◆bitter accusations / recriminations

◆to face a charge / an accusation / an indictment / impeachment

◆to make / deny a charge / an accusation

◆to issue / bring / drop a charge / an indictment

■ charge

[countable]

an official claim made by the police that sb has committed a crime; a statement accusing sb of doing sth wrong or bad （警方的）指控，控告；指责；谴责

◆The investigation resulted in criminal charges against three police officers.这项调查导致对三名警官提出刑事指控。

◆After being questioned by the police, she was released without charge.她被警方传讯后释放，不予起诉。

◆She rejected the charge that the story was untrue.她否认了说她编造事实的指责。

see also

charge ⇨

accuse

verb

■ accusation

/ /ˌækjuˈzeɪʃn/ /

[countable

, uncountable]

a statement saying that you think a person is guilty of doing sth wrong or bad, especially of committing a crime; the fact of accusing sb 控告；告发；谴责

◆No one believed her wild accusations against her husband.无人相信她对丈夫的无端指责。

◆There was a hint of accusation in her voice.她的语气流露出谴责的意思。

see also

accuse ⇨

accuse

■ indictment

/ /ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/ /

[countable

, uncountable]

(especially NAmE)

a written statement accusing sb of a crime; the act of officially accusing sb of a crime 刑事起诉书；公诉书；控告；起诉

◆There is sufficient evidence against him to support an indictment for murder.有充足的证据支持对他的谋杀罪指控。

◆This led to his indictment on allegations of conspiracy.这件事最终使他被控犯有共谋罪。

see also

indict ⇨

accuse

■ impeachment

[countable

, uncountable]

the act of a court or other official body charging an important public figure with a serious crime, especially in the US （尤指美国的法庭或其他官方机构对重要公职人员的）控告，弹劾

◆If Congress should rule that the President's actions were unconstitutional, it would be a big step towards his impeachment.如果国会判定总统的行为违宪，那将是对他提出弹劾迈出了一大步。

see also

impeach ⇨

accuse

■ recrimination

/ /rɪˌkrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ /

[countable

, usually plural

, uncountable]

an angry statement that sb makes accusing sb else of sth, especially in response to a similar statement from them 指责；反诉；反控

◆There were bitter recriminations within the party about who was to blame for the disastrous election results.谁应对选举惨败负责，对此该党内部激烈地互相指责。

◆We spent the rest of the evening in mutual recrimination.我们后来一晚上都在相互指责。

excitement

noun

excitement

♦︎

thrill

♦︎

buzz

♦︎

charge

♦︎

exhilaration

♦︎

high

♦︎

kickThese are all words for the feeling that you get when you are doing or expecting sth exciting. 这些词均表示兴奋、刺激。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆(a) real excitement / thrill / buzz / charge / high / kick

◆a big thrill / high / kick

◆to give sb a thrill / buzz / high / kick

◆to get a thrill / buzz / charge / kick out of sth

■ excitement

[uncountable

, countable]

the pleasant and lively feeling that you get when sth exciting happens or is going to happen; sth that you find exciting 兴奋；刺激；令人激动的事

◆The news caused great excitement among her friends.这消息使她的朋友们兴奋不已。

◆In her excitement she dropped her glass.她一激动，杯子脱手了。

◆A shiver of excitement ran through her.她兴奋得浑身发颤。

◆The new job was not without its excitements.这个新工作并非没有乐趣。

■ thrill

[countable]

a strong feeling of excitement or pleasure; an experience that gives you this feeling 兴奋感；激动；令人兴奋的经历

◆It gave me a big thrill to meet my favourite author in person.能亲眼见到我最喜欢的作者让我激动不已。

◆They were just in search of cheap thrills (= excitement that has no real value).他们不过是在寻找一种低俗的刺激。

■ buzz

[singular]

(informal)

a strong feeling of pleasure, excitement or achievement 欢腾；雀跃；兴奋

◆Flying gives me a real buzz.飞行真让我兴奋。

◆There was a buzz of excitement all around the room.房间里一片欢腾。

◆You can sense the creative buzz in the city.你可以感受到这座城市里的创作热情。

■ charge

[singular]

(rather informal)

a strong feeling of pleasure, excitement or achievement; the power to cause this feeling 欢腾；雀跃；感染力；震撼力

◆I get a real charge out of working hard and seeing good results.努力工作并且取得好成果真是让我兴奋极了。

◆a film in which every scene carries an emotional charge一部每个场景都深具感染力的影片

■ exhilaration

/ /ɪgˌzɪləˈreɪʃn/ /

[uncountable]

a strong feeling of excitement and happiness especially one that you get from physical activity （尤指身体活动后的）兴奋，激动

◆the exhilaration of galloping over miles of open country在旷野里策马驰骋数英里的畅快

■ high

[countable]

(informal)

the strong feeling of pleasure and excitement that you get from doing sth enjoyable or being successful at sth 极大的欢乐；（因成就感到的）极度兴奋；乐不可支

◆He was on a real high after winning the competition.他赢了那场比赛后高兴极了。

◆the highs and lows of her acting career她演艺生涯中的高高低低

ⓘ A high is also the strong feeling of pleasure and excitement that sb gets after taking some types of drugs. * high还可指吸食毒品后的强烈快感

◆The high lasted all night.那种快感持续了一整夜。

■ kick

[countable]

(informal)

a strong feeling of pleasure and excitement, especially one that you get from doing sth slightly dangerous （尤指带点惊险的）极度刺激，极度兴奋

◆I get a kick out of driving fast cars.开快车让我感觉很刺激。

◆He gets his kicks from skiing.他享受滑雪的惊险刺激。

◆What do you do for kicks?你做什么来寻求刺激呢？

rate

noun

the rate of change 变动率

sb's rate of pay 某人的薪资

➡ See also the entry for

⇨ price

noun

另见price名词词条

rate

♦︎

charge

♦︎

fee

♦︎

rent

♦︎

fine

♦︎

fare

♦︎

terms

♦︎

dues

♦︎

toll

♦︎

rentalThese are all words for an amount of money that is charged or paid for sth. 这些词均表示价格、费用。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆a rate / a charge / a fee / rent / a fine / the fare / the terms / dues / a toll / the rental for sth

◆a rate / a charge / a fee / rent / a toll / the rental on sth

◆at a rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / rental of...

◆for a charge / fee

◆(a / an) annual / monthly rate / charge / fee / rent / dues / rental

◆(a) daily rate / charge / fee / rent / rental

◆(a) reasonable rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / terms / toll / rental

◆(a) high / low rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / toll / rental

◆(a) fixed rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / terms / rental

◆(a) flat rate / charge / fee / fare

◆the full rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / toll / rental

◆to pay a rate / a charge / a fee / rent / a fine / a fare / your dues / a toll / the rental

◆to charge a rate / a fee / rent / a fare / dues / a toll / rental

◆to increase / reduce the rate / charge / fee / rent / fine / fare / dues / toll

■ rate

[countable]

a fixed amount of money that is asked or paid for sth 价格；费用

◆The job has a very low hourly rate of pay.这个工作时薪很低。

◆We offer special reduced rates for students.我们对学生有特惠价格。

◆What is the going rate (= the usual level of payment) for bar work?在酒吧工作一般工资多少？

◆We were forced to borrow the money at an extortionately high rate of interest.我们被迫借高利贷。

◆The bank has announced a cut in interest rates.银行已宣布降息。

see also

rates ⇨

tax

■ charge

[countable]

an amount of money that is asked for goods or services （商品或服务的）要价，收费

◆We have to make a small charge for refreshments.我们得收取些许茶点费。

◆Delivery is free of charge (= costs nothing).免费送货。

◆

(BrE)

The museum has introduced a £3 admission charge.那家博物馆开始收取3英镑的入场费。

see also

charge ⇨

charge

verb

■ fee

[countable]

(rather formal)

an amount of money that you have to pay for professional advice or services, to go to a school or college, join an organization or visit a place 专业服务费；咨询费；学费；会费；参观费

◆The family spent over £20 000 on legal fees.那个家庭支付了20 000多英镑的诉讼费。

◆Does the bank charge a fee for setting up the account?在这家银行开立账户要收费吗？

◆Club members pay an annual membership fee of £775.俱乐部会员每年支付775英镑的会费。

◆

(especially BrE)

There is no entrance fee to the gallery.该美术馆不收入场费。

◆

(especially NAmE)

an admission fee入场费

see also

subscription ⇨

payment

NOTE 辨析 Charge or fee? Fee can represent a larger amount of money than charge, especially in the combinations legal fees and school fees. Charge is used for smaller services in less formal or professional contexts. * fee可指比charge更大的金额，legal fees和school fees尤其如此。charge指没那么正式的场合或不那么专业的小型服务机构收取的费用

◆We have to charge a small fee for refreshments.

Money that you pay to visit a place such as a museum is called an admission charge or entrance fee in British English, an admission fee or (less frequently) entrance fee in American English, (but never an 'entrance charge'). 博物馆等场所向参观者收取的入场费在英式英语中称为admission charge或entrance fee，在美式英语中称为admission fee或没那么常用的entrance fee，但从不用entrance charge。

■ rent

[uncountable

, countable]

an amount of money that you regularly have to pay for use of a building or room （建筑物或房屋的）租金

◆The landlord charged them a month's rent in advance.房东预先收取了他们一个月的租金。

◆

(BrE)

They began falling behind with their rent (= paying it late or not at all).他们开始拖欠房租。

◆

(NAmE)

They began falling behind in their rent.他们开始拖欠房租。

◆Rents are rising in the business district.商业区的租金在上涨。

■ fine

[countable]

a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule 罚金；罚款

◆a parking fine违规停车罚款

◆Offenders will be liable to a heavy fine (= one that costs a lot of money).违者须付巨额罚金。

◆She has already paid over $2 000 in fines.她已经交了2 000多元罚金。

see also

fine ⇨

charge

verb

■ fare

[countable]

the money that you pay to travel by bus, plane, taxi, etc. （车船、飞机等交通工具的）票价

◆Fares have been increased by 10%.票价已经上调了10%。

◆a bus / taxi / rail / air fare公共汽车票价；出租车费；火车／飞机票价

◆

(BrE)

How much is the return / single fare?往返／单程票价是多少？

◆

(NAmE)

Round-trip fare from New York to Cincinnati is $229.从纽约到辛辛那提的往返车费是229美元。

◆

(NAmE)

one-way fare单程票价

■ terms

[plural]

conditions that you agree when you buy, sell or pay for sth; a price or cost （交易的）条件；价钱；费用

◆to buy sth on easy terms

(= paying for it over a long period)

分期付款购买

◆My terms are £20 a lesson.我每教一课收费20英镑。

see also

terms ⇨

condition

■ dues

[plural]

an amount of money that you have to pay so that you can be a member of an organization 会费

◆He had not paid his trade union dues for six months.他已经六个月未缴纳工会会费了。

see also

subscription ⇨

payment

■ toll

/təʊl; NAmE toʊl/

[countable]

an amount of money that you have to pay to use a particular road or bridge （道路或桥梁的）通行费

◆She took enough money to pay for motorway tolls and ferry tickets.她带了足够的钱支付高速公路通行费和船票。

◆a toll road / bridge收费道路／桥梁

ⓘ In American English, a toll is also a charge for a telephone call that is calculated at a higher rate than a local call. 在美式英语中，toll亦指长途电话费

◆

(NAmE)

Is San Jose to San Mateo a toll call?(= Do I have to pay extra for this call? Is it not a local call?) 从圣何塞打电话到圣马特奥属于长途吗？

■ rental

[uncountable

, countable

, usually singular]

an amount of money that you have to pay to use sth for a particular period of time 租金

◆Telephone charges include line rental.电话费包括线路租金。

◆

(BrE)

The weekly rental on the car was over £200.汽车每周租金超过200英镑。

NOTE 辨析 Rent or rental? Rent is money paid to use a building or room; for other items use rental or rate. In American English rent verb is used in connection with cars, but the usual noun is rate. * rent指建筑物或房屋的租金，其他物品的租金用rental或rate。在美式英语中，动词rent用于与汽车有关的语境，但表达此义的名词通常用rate

◆It costs us $300 a week to rent a car.我们每周租车要花费300元。

◆The rate on the car was $300 a week.汽车每周的租金是300元。

responsibility

noun

responsibility

♦︎

duty

♦︎

charge

♦︎

obligation

♦︎

burden

♦︎

liability

♦︎

job

♦︎

commitment

♦︎

accountabilityThese are all words for sth that you have to do, or the state of being responsible for sth. 这些词均表示责任、职责、义务，或对某事负责。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆a duty / an obligation / a burden / a commitment / accountability to sb / sth

◆a responsibility / duty towards sb

◆responsibility / liability / accountability for sth

◆(a) heavy responsibility / obligations / burden / commitments

◆(a) greater responsibility / obligation / burden / liability / accountability

◆(a) personal responsibility / duty / charge / obligation / commitment / accountability

◆collective / public responsibility / duty / accountability

◆(a) professional / social responsibility / duty / obligation / commitment / accountability

◆(a) financial responsibility / duty / obligation / burden / commitment / accountability

◆(a) moral responsibility / duty / obligation / accountability

◆(a) legal responsibility / duty / obligation / liability / accountability

◆(a) family responsibility / duty / obligations / commitments

◆to have a responsibility / a duty / charge / an obligation / liability / the job / a commitment

◆to accept responsibility / a duty / an obligation / the burden / liability

◆to bear / shoulder the responsibility / burden

◆to fulfil / meet a responsibility / a duty / an obligation / a commitment

◆a responsibility / a duty / the burden falls on sb

■ responsibility

[uncountable

, countable]

(rather formal)

a requirement to deal with sth, or help or take care of sb, because of your job or position 责任；职责；义务

◆It is their responsibility to ensure that the rules are enforced.他们有责任确保制度的执行。

◆I'm not ready to be in a position of responsibility.我还没准备好担任责任重大的职务。

◆I don't feel ready to take on new responsibilities.我不愿意承担新的责任。

◆I think we have a moral responsibility to help these countries.我认为我们在道义上有责任帮助这些国家。

ⓘ If you have a responsibility for sb/sth, you are the person who should be blamed if sth goes wrong. * have a responsibility for sb/sth指对某人或某事负有责任。

see also

be responsible for sb/sth ⇨

run

■ duty

[countable

, uncountable]

something that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibility （道德或法律上的）责任，义务，本分

◆It is my duty to report it to the police.把这事报告给警方是我的责任。

◆I supposed we'd better do our duty and report the accident.我想我们最好履行义务，把事故上报。

◆I'll have to go I'm afraid－duty calls.我想我得走了－公务在身。

◆The time he put in helping new recruits went beyond the call of duty.他花时间帮助新入职员工已经超越了职责的要求。

■ charge

[uncountable]

the position of having control over sb/sth 掌管；照管；职责

◆She has charge of the day-to-day running of the business.她负责掌管日常业务。

◆He took charge of the farm after his father's death.他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。

◆They left the nanny in charge of the children for a week.他们把孩子留给保姆照料一周。

ⓘ You can have/take charge of sb/sth or you can be in charge of sb/sth or leave/put sb in charge of sb/sth. 可以说have/take charge of sb/sth、be in charge of sb/sth或leave/put sb in charge of sb/sth。

see also

be in charge ⇨

run

■ obligation

/ /ˌɒblɪˈgeɪʃn; NAmE ˌɑːblɪˈgeɪʃn/

[uncountable

, countable]

(rather formal,

especially written)

the state of being forced to do sth because it is your duty, or because of a law or rule; something which you must do because you have promised or because of a law or rule （法律或条例规定的或承诺过的）义务，责任，职责

◆You are under no obligation to buy anything.你不是非买什么不可。

◆She did not feel under any obligation to tell him the truth.她觉得没有义务告诉他实情。

◆We will send you an estimate for the work without obligation (= you do not have to accept it).我们将把成本估算发给您，仅供参考。

◆You must fulfil your legal obligations.你必须履行法律义务。

see also

oblige ⇨

force

verb

■ burden

[countable]

(rather formal)

a duty or responsibility that causes worry, difficulty or hard work （义务或责任的）重担，负担

◆The main burden of caring for old people falls on the state.照料老人的重担大部分落到了国家头上。

◆I don't want to become a burden to my children when I'm old.我不想在年老时成为孩子的累赘。

◆How can we reduce the heavy tax burden on working people?如何才能减少劳动者身上沉重的税负？

▸

burden

verb

[transitive]

◆They have burdened themselves with a large mortgage.他们负担了一笔很高的按揭贷款。

◆I don't want to burden you with my worries.我不想让你为我的烦恼操心。

■ liability

/ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/ /

[uncountable]

(rather formal,

~~especially business 尤用于商业~~

~~law 法律~~)

the state of being legally responsible for sth （法律上对某事物的）责任，义务

◆The company cannot accept liability for any damage caused by natural disasters.本公司对自然灾害造成的任何损失概不承担责任。

▸

liable

adjective

◆You will be liable for any damage caused.任何损失均将由贵方负责。

■ job

[countable

, usually singular]

(rather informal,

especially spoken)

a responsibility or duty 责任；职责；义务

◆It's not my job to lock up!上锁不是我的事儿！

◆It's the job of the press to expose wrongdoing.揭露丑恶行为是新闻界的职责。

ⓘ In this meaning job is usually used in the phrase It's my/your/his/her, etc. job to do sth or it's the job of sb/sth to do sth. 表达此义时，job通常用于短语It's my/your/his/her, etc. job to do sth或it's the job of sb/sth to do sth。

■ commitment

/ /kəˈmɪtmənt/ /

[countable]

(~~especially business 尤用于商业~~)

a thing that you have promised or agreed to do, or that you have to do, especially in connection with your work or family; the fact of having to pay an amount of money regularly （尤指与工作或家庭有关的）承诺之事，同意之事，不得不做之事；定期付款

◆He's busy for the next month with filming commitments.他正忙于准备已经承诺的下个月拍电影的事。

◆Women very often have to juggle work with their family commitments.妇女经常要工作和家庭两头忙。

◆Buying a house is a big financial commitment.购房意味着要定期支付一大笔钱。

■ accountability

[uncountable]

(formal)

the fact of being responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain them when you are asked （对自己的决定或行动）负有责任，应作解释

◆There have been proposals for greater police accountability.已有人提议警方应负起更大责任。

◆the accountability of a company's directors to the shareholders公司董事向股东所负之责

▸

accountable

adjective

[not usually before noun]

◆Politicians are ultimately accountable to the voters.从政者最终是向选民负责。

◆Someone must be held accountable for the killings.必须有人要对这些凶杀事件负责。

free

adjective

a free man 自由人

free tickets 免费票

Are you free for lunch? 你有空吃午饭吗？

free

♦︎

free of charge

♦︎

complimentary

♦︎

for nothing

♦︎

on the houseThese words all describe sth that is given or obtained without payment. 这些词均表示免费的。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆a free / complimentary ticket / sample / copy / subscription

◆to get sth free / free of charge / for nothing

■ free

costing nothing 免费的

◆Admission is free.免费入场。

◆We're offering a fabulous free gift with each copy you buy.每购买一册就可以获赠一份精美礼品。

◆There's a new website that offers free legal advice to homeowners.有一家新网站为房主提供免费的法律咨询。

◆You can't expect people to work for free (= without payment).你不能指望人工作不要报酬。

■ ˌfree of ˈcharge

phrase

(especially in business) given or obtained without payment, especially when payment would normally be expected （尤指商业活动中本应收费而）免费的

◆Delivery is free of charge.免费送货。

■ complimentary

/ˌkɒmplɪˈmentri; NAmE ˌkɑːmplɪˈmentri/

(rather formal)

(especially in business) given free, especially as part of selling other goods or services （尤指商业活动中为促销其他货物或服务）赠送的，免费提供的

◆The hotel offers a complimentary breakfast and evening cocktails.这家旅馆提供免费的早餐和傍晚冷盘。

■ for ˈnothing

idiom

(informal)

given or obtained without the need for payment, work or effort 不花钱；免费；白白地

◆We could have got in for nothing－nobody was collecting tickets.我们本来可以不花钱就进来的，当时根本没有人检票。

◆Don't expect somebody to give you a big salary for nothing!别指望有人白白地付给你一大笔薪水！

■ on the ˈhouse

idiom

(rather informal)

(especially drinks or food) given free by a business, especially a bar or restaurant （尤指酒吧或饭店的酒水或食物）免费提供的

◆Have a drink on the house.来一杯免费饮料吧。

run

verb

run to catch a bus 跑着去赶公共汽车

run a business 经营企业

run

♦︎

manage

♦︎

control

♦︎

be responsible for sb/sth

♦︎

be in charge

♦︎

direct

♦︎

administer

♦︎

commandThese words all mean to be in charge or in control of a business, organization, project or situation. 这些词均表示经营、管理或主持局面。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆to run / manage / control a / an company / business / organization

◆to run / manage / be responsible for a department

◆to run / manage a hotel / store / club

◆to run / manage / control / be responsible for / direct / administer a project

◆to run / manage / be responsible for / administer a service

◆to run / manage / administer a school

◆to manage / control / be responsible for / be in charge of / direct operations

◆to manage / administer a fund

◆to be properly / efficiently run / managed / administered

◆to be well / badly run / managed

◆to be tightly run / managed / controlled

◆to be centrally run / managed / controlled / directed / administered

◆to be jointly run / managed / controlled / administered by / with sb

■ run

(

running

, ran

, run

)

[transitive]

to be in charge of a business, organization or project 管理，经营（企业、组织或项目）

◆The shareholders want more say in how the company is run.股东们想要对公司的经营有更多发言权。

◆The programme will be jointly run with NASA in the US.该项目将与美国国家航空航天局合办。

◆It is a small, privately run (= not owned or controlled by a large organization) hotel.这是一家私营小旅馆。

◆Stop trying to run my life (= organize it) for me.别老想操纵我的生活。

■ manage

[transitive

, intransitive]

to be in charge of a business, organization, project or team 管理，经营（企业、组织、项目或团队）

◆Organizers are looking for someone to manage the project.组织者在找人负责这个项目。

◆We need a new approach to managing our hospitals.我们需要采用新方法来管理我们的医院。

◆We need people who are good at managing.我们需要擅长管理的人。

see also

management ⇨

government

management ⇨

management

NOTE 辨析 Run or manage?These two verbs can often be used in the same way. 这两个动词用法常相同

◆The hotel is run / managed by two brothers.酒店由兄弟俩经营。

Run emphasizes the tasks involved in the operation of a business－planning, ordering stock, organizing transport of goods, etc. Someone can run a small business (without any employees), part of a business, a department or a larger organization. Manage often refers to organizing other workers. A manager makes decisions about how a business, department, etc. is run, but they usually tell other people what to do rather than doing it themselves. * run强调企业运营中涉及的各项工作，如制订计划、订购货物、组织货物运输等。run可指一个人做小买卖（没有雇员），也可指负责企业的某项业务、一个部门或一家较大规模的企业。manage常指管理其他员工。做运营相关决定的人称为manager，但他们通常指示别人怎么做，而非自己做。

■ control

(

-ll-

)

[transitive]

to have power over a business, organization, project or country, so that you are able to decide how it is run 指挥，控制，掌管（企业、组织、项目或国家）

◆The whole territory is now controlled by the army.现在全境都在军队的控制之下。

◆By the age of 21 he controlled the company.他21岁就掌管了公司。

■ be responsible for sb/sth

phrase

to have the job or duty of doing sth or taking care of sb/sth, so that you may be blamed if sth goes wrong 有责任；负责；承担义务

◆Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.迈克负责整个项目的设计工作。

◆Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be responsible for their children.即使父母不再共同生活，他们也要分别对子女负责。

see also

responsibility ⇨

responsibility

■ be in charge

phrase

to be in the position of having control over sb/sth 主管，掌管，照管（某人或某物）

◆I've usually been the one in charge of the petty cash.小额现金通常由我掌管。

◆Who's in charge here?这里谁是负责人？

see also

charge ⇨

responsibility

■ direct

[transitive]

to be in charge of a project or process 管理，监督，指导（项目或进程）

◆He was asked to take command and direct operations.他奉命统率并指挥作战行动。

see also

direction ⇨

government

director ⇨

manager

■ administer

[transitive

, often passive]

to manage and organize the affairs or a company, organization or country 管理（公司或组织）；治理（国家）

◆The country has to face up to the high cost of administering medical services.国家必须正视医疗服务机构高昂的管理费用。

◆The pension funds are administered by commercial banks.养老基金由商业银行运作管理。

see also

administration ⇨

government

administration ⇨

management

administrator ⇨

organizer

■ command

[transitive]

to be in charge of a group of people in the army, navy or air force 指挥，统率（军队）

◆He was the officer commanding the troops in the Western region.他是统率西部地区部队的军官。

◆The squadron was commanded by Major Frank Broad.这个中队由弗兰克•布罗德少校指挥。

see also

command ⇨

control

noun

charge

verb

charge

♦︎

fine

♦︎

ask

♦︎

levy

♦︎

bill

♦︎

invoiceThese words all mean to ask sb for money for goods or a service, or as a payment of a tax. 这些词均表示收费或征税。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆to charge (sb) / levy sth on sth

◆to charge (sb) / fine sb / ask sth / bill sb / invoice sb for sth

◆to be charged / levied at one per cent / 17%

◆to charge / bill sth to sb's account

◆to charge / ask a high / low price / fee / commission / rent

■ charge

[transitive

, intransitive]

to ask for an amount of money for goods or a service, or as payment of a tax 收（费）；要价

◆What did the builders charge for the repairs?施工人员要了多少修理费？

◆Calls are charged at 36p per minute.电话费是每分钟36便士。

◆Your broker will charge you a 6% commission on the transaction.你的经纪人会收取交易金额6%的佣金。

see also

charge ⇨

rate

noun

■ fine

[transitive

, often passive]

to make sb pay money as an official punishment 对⋯处以罚款

◆She was fined for speeding.她因超速而被罚款。

◆The company was fined £20 000 for breaching safety regulations.这家公司因违反安全条例被罚款2万英镑。

see also

fine ⇨

rate

noun

■ ask

[transitive]

(usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时)

to request a particular amount of money for sth that you are selling 要价；索价

◆He's asking £2 000 for the car.这辆轿车他要价2 000英镑。

■ levy

/ /ˈlevi/ /

[transitive]

(formal

~~law 法律~~)

to use official authority to demand and collect a payment or tax 征收；征（税）

◆It was a local tax levied by the council on the occupiers of land and buildings.这是当地议会对土地和建筑物占用者征收的地方税。

◆A $30 million fine was levied against the company.对这家公司课以3 000万元的罚款。

■ bill

[transitive]

(rather formal)

to send sb a bill for a service that you have provided or goods that you have supplied 给（某人）开账单，发账单（要求付款）

◆You will be billed monthly for the service.你将每月收到对这一服务收费的账单。

◆The cost will be billed to your account.费用将会记到你的账户上。

see also

bill ⇨

bill

noun

■ invoice

[transitive]

(rather formal)

to send sb a bill for goods that you have supplied or work that you have done for them 给（某人）开发票（或清单）

◆You will be invoiced for these items at the end of the month.你将在月底收到这些项目的费用清单。

see also

invoice ⇨

bill

noun

NOTE 辨析 Bill or invoice?A company that supplies a service such as telephone, gas or electricity, bills its customers, usually monthly or quarterly (= every three months). A company or person that has supplied goods or done work will usually invoice its customers or employer, although bill can also be used for this. Both these words are rather formal; less formally you can say send sb a bill/an invoice. 电话、煤气、电力等公司开账单用bill，通常按月或按季度开。公司或个人提供商品或服务后为顾客或客户开具发票用invoice，尽管bill亦有此义。这两个词都很正式，不那么正式的说法是send sb a bill/an invoice。

accuse

verb

accuse

♦︎

charge

♦︎

prosecute

♦︎

indict

♦︎

impeach

♦︎

citeThese words all mean to say that sb has done sth wrong or committed a crime and must appear in court. 这些词均表示控告或起诉。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆to prosecute / indict / impeach / cite sb for sth

◆to charge / indict sb with sth

◆to be prosecuted / indicted / impeached / cited on charges / on a charge of sth

■ accuse

[transitive]

to say that sb has done sth wrong or committed a crime 控告；控诉；谴责

◆She accused him of lying.她指责他说谎。

◆The government was accused of incompetence.政府被斥无能。

◆

(formal)

They stand accused of crimes against humanity.他们被控反人类罪。

see also

accusation ⇨

charge

noun

■ charge

[transitive

, usually passive]

to accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in court 控告；起诉

◆He was charged with murder.他被控谋杀罪。

◆Several people were arrested but nobody was charged.几个人被捕，但无人被起诉。

ⓘ In formal language charge can also mean 'to accuse sb formally in public of doing sth wrong'. 正式用语中，charge也可指公开正式指责或谴责

◆Opposition MPs charged the minister with neglecting her duty.反对党议员指责那名女部长玩忽职守。

see also

charge ⇨

charge

noun

■ prosecute

/ /ˈprɒsɪkjuːt; NAmE ˈprɑːsɪkjuːt/

[transitive

, intransitive]

to put sb on trial for a crime in court 起诉；控告；检举

◆The company was prosecuted for breaching the Health and Safety Act.这家公司被控违反《卫生安全法》。

◆The police decided not to prosecute.警方决定不予起诉。

see also

prosecution ⇨

case

■ indict

/ɪnˈdaɪt/ /

[transitive

, usually passive]

(~~law 法律~~)

(in the US) to officially charge sb with a crime （美国）控告，起诉

◆The senator was indicted for murder.那名参议员被控犯了谋杀罪。

◆They were indicted on a number of corruption charges.他们被控多项贪腐罪名。

see also

indictment ⇨

charge

noun

NOTE 辨析 Charge or indict?In Britain the Crown Prosecution Service decides whether to charge sb with a crime. In the US charge is used when this is done by a prosecutor (= a public official) and indict when this is done by a Grand Jury (= a group of 23 people). 在英国，皇家检察署决定是否起诉某人用charge；在美国，由检察官提出起诉用charge，由大陪审团（23人小组）提出控告用indict。

■ impeach

[transitive]

(especially in the US) to charge an important public figure with a serious crime in connection with their job （尤指美国）控告（重要公职人员）犯重大罪行；弹劾

◆The President was impeached by Congress for lying.总统因说谎遭国会弹劾。

see also

impeachment ⇨

charge

noun

■ cite

/ /saɪt/ /

[transitive

, usually passive]

(~~law 法律~~)

to order sb to appear in court; to name sb officially in a legal case 传唤；传讯

◆He was cited for contempt of court.他因藐视法庭而被传唤。

◆She was cited in the divorce proceedings.她在离婚诉讼案中被传唤。

attack

verb

attack sb with a knife 持刀袭击某人

attack a city 进攻一座城市

➡ See also the entry for

⇨ invade

另见invade条

attack

♦︎

strike

♦︎

storm

♦︎

charge

♦︎

raidThese words all mean to make an aggressive movement against your enemy in a war. 这些词均表示在战争中主动进攻。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆to strike / charge at sb / sth

◆to attack / strike / charge the enemy

◆to attack / strike a target

◆to attack / storm a / an house / building / embassy

◆soldiers / troops / police attack / storm / charge / raid sth

◆aircraft attack / strike / raid sth

■ attack

[transitive

, intransitive]

to use weapons, such as guns and bombs against an enemy in a war or battle （在战争中使用武器）进攻，攻击

◆At dawn the army attacked the town.黎明时分部队开始攻城。

◆The guerrillas usually attack at night.游击队通常在夜间发动袭击。

■ strike

(

struck

, struck

;

NAmE also

struck

, stricken

)

[intransitive

, transitive]

to attack sb/sth, especially suddenly 突击；攻击

◆The guerrillas struck with deadly force.游击队发起强势进攻。

◆Warplanes struck several targets in the city.战机轰炸了城市里的几个目标。

■ storm

[transitive

, intransitive]

to suddenly attack a place, especially in order to capture it 突袭；攻占

◆Police stormed the building and captured the gunman.警方突袭了那座楼，抓获了持枪歹徒。

◆Soldiers stormed into the city at dawn.士兵在拂晓时分攻进城里。

■ charge

[intransitive

, transitive]

to rush forward and attack sb/sth 猛攻；猛冲

◆We charged at the enemy.我们向敌人发起冲锋。

◆The bull put its head down and charged.公牛低下头猛冲过来。

◆He ordered his troops to charge the enemy lines.他命令部队猛攻敌方战线。

■ raid

[transitive]

to attack a place without warning and then leave 突袭；偷袭

◆Villages along the border are regularly raided.边境附近的村庄经常遭受突袭。

◆a raiding party (= a group of soldiers, etc. that attack a place) 突袭小分队

run

verb

run to catch a bus 跑着去赶公共汽车

run a business 经营企业

➡ See also the entry for

⇨ fly

另见fly条第2义

run

♦︎

race

♦︎

jog

♦︎

tear

♦︎

sprint

♦︎

charge

♦︎

gallop

♦︎

trot

♦︎

bound

♦︎

pound

♦︎

stampedeThese words all mean to move fast using your legs. 这些词均表示跑。

SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺

下图显示这些词所表达跑步速度快慢的程度

jog	➔	run	➔	race
trot		bound		tear
		pound		sprint
				charge
				gallop
				stampede

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆to run / race / jog / sprint / charge / gallop / trot / bound / pound towards sb / sth

◆to run / race / sprint / charge / gallop / trot / bound / pound after sb / sth

◆to run / race / tear / sprint / gallop / trot / bound / pound along (sth)

◆to run / race / tear / sprint / gallop / bound off

◆to run / race / sprint / bound away

◆to run / race / tear / sprint / bound back

◆to run / race / tear / charge around / round

◆to come running / racing / tearing / sprinting / charging / galloping / trotting / bounding

■ run

(

running

, ran

, run

)

[intransitive

, transitive]

to move using your legs, going faster than when you walk; to travel a particular distance by running 跑；奔跑

◆Can you run as fast as Mike?你能和迈克跑得一样快吗？

◆The boy went running off to get the ball.那个男孩跑着去拿球。

◆I had to run to catch the bus.我不得不跑着去赶公共汽车。

◆Alan was running for a bus when he slipped on some ice.艾伦跑着赶公共汽车时在冰上滑倒了。

◆I like to go running (= run as a form of exercise) in the mornings before work.我喜欢早晨上班前跑步。

◆I ran four miles today.我今天跑了4英里。

◆Terrified, he ran all the way home.他吓坏了，一路跑回家。

see also

runner ⇨

player

▸

run

noun

[countable]

◆I go for a run every morning.我每天早晨都去跑步。

◆He broke into a run (= started running).他跑了起来。

▸

running

noun

[uncountable]

◆to go running去跑步

◆running shoes跑鞋

■ race

[intransitive]

(always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用)

(written)

to run very fast, especially because it is important that you get somewhere quickly （尤指因须快速到达某处）快跑，飞奔

◆Peter raced ahead to be the first to tell his mother the news.彼得跑在前面，为的是率先将这个消息告诉他妈妈。

◆We all raced back to the camp.我们都迅速赶回了营地。

■ jog

(also go jogging)

[intransitive]

to run slowly and steadily for a long time, especially for exercise 慢跑，慢步长跑（尤指锻炼）

◆I go jogging every evening.我每天晚上都慢跑锻炼。

◆He jogged down the path and into the lane.他沿着小路慢跑进了小巷。

▸

jog

noun

[singular]

◆I like to go for a jog after work.我喜欢下班后慢跑锻炼。

▸

jogging

noun

[uncountable]

◆He decided to take up jogging.他决定开始慢跑锻炼。

■ tear

/ /teə(r); NAmE ter/

(

tore

, torn

)

[intransitive]

(always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用)

to run somewhere very quickly, especially in an excited way or because you are in a hurry （尤指兴奋地或因赶时间）飞跑，狂奔，疾驰

◆The girls looked at each other and tore off towards the house.女孩们看了看对方，接着向房子飞奔而去。

■ sprint

[intransitive

, transitive]

(usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用)

to run very fast for a short distance 短距离快速奔跑；冲刺

◆He sprinted towards the finishing line.他向终点冲刺。

◆I sprinted the last few metres.我全速跑完最后几米。

ⓘ When sb in a race starts sprinting, they start running as fast as they can, especially near the end of the race. * sprint指比赛中的冲刺，特别是接近比赛终点时。

▸

sprint

noun

[countable]

◆a 100-metre sprint100米短跑

◆It was a sprint for the finishing line.这是一个终点冲刺。

■ charge

[intransitive]

(always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用)

to run or walk fast in a particular direction, especially making a noise or carelessly （尤指闹哄哄或毛毛躁躁地）向⋯方向冲去

◆The kids were charging around outside.孩子们在外面跑来跑去。

◆He came charging into my office and demanded an explanation.他冲进我的办公室，要求给个说法。

■ gallop

/ˈgæləp/ /

[intransitive

, transitive]

(usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用)

(of a horse or similar animal) to move fast with an action that includes all four feet being off the ground at the same time; (of a person) to ride a horse when it is galloping; (of a person) to run very quickly, especially in an excited way and with noisy steps （马或类似动物）飞奔，疾驰；（人）策马奔驰，嗵嗵地奔跑

◆The horse neighed and galloped off across the field.那匹马嘶叫着疾驰穿过田地。

◆The cavalry galloped past in a cloud of dust.骑兵绝尘而去。

◆She galloped her horse all the way home.她骑着马一路飞奔回家。

◆The kids came galloping along the street.孩子们沿街飞奔而来。

▸

gallop

noun

[singular]

◆Diane urged her horse into a gallop.黛安驱马驰骋起来。

■ trot

(

-tt-

)

[intransitive

, transitive]

(of a horse) to move at a speed that is faster than walking, with each front leg being lifted at the same time as the opposite back leg; (of a person) to ride a horse when it is trotting; (of a person) to run slowly or walk fast, taking short quick steps （马）疾走，小跑；（人）骑马小跑，小步快跑，碎步急行

◆I could hear the sound of several horses trotting along in the lane.我听到几匹马在小路上小跑的声音。

◆Bob trotted his pony around the field.鲍勃骑着小马绕场慢跑。

◆The dog trotted obediently at her heels.那条狗乖乖地小跑着跟在她脚边。

◆He trotted off to greet the other guests.他快步走过去迎接其他客人。

▸

trot

noun

[singular]

◆She slowed her horse to a trot.她放慢马的速度小跑起来。

◆She moved at a brisk trot.她轻快地小跑起来。

■ bound

/ /baʊnd/ /

[intransitive]

(always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用)

to run with long steps, especially in an enthusiastic way （尤指热情地）跳跃着跑

◆The dogs bounded ahead.那些狗在前面蹦蹦跳跳地跑。

■ pound

/ /paʊnd/ /

[intransitive]

(usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用)

to run somewhere with heavy, noisy steps 脚步重且喧闹地跑

◆A group of men on horseback came pounding across the field.一群人骑着马嗵嗵地穿过田地。

■ stampede

/ /stæmˈpiːd/ /

[intransitive]

(of a group of large animals or people) to run fast, especially in a way that cannot be controlled （尤指大型动物群或人群无法控制地）狂奔，涌向

◆The cattle started to stampede, as if they could sense the danger.牛群仿佛感觉到危险，开始狂奔起来。

◆A bunch of kids came stampeding down the corridor.一群孩子顺着走廊涌了过来。