| 例句 |
close verb
⇨ close 1 (close a door/your eyes/a book) ⇨ close 2 (a factory closes/close a factory) ⇨ end (a meeting closes/close a meeting)close adj.
⇨ close (a close finish) ⇨ detailed (take a close look) ⇨ like prep.,adj. (a close resemblance)close noun
⇨ endclose1 /kləʊz; NAmE kloʊz/ verb close a door/your eyes/a book 关门；闭眼；合上书a factory closes/close a factory 工厂倒闭；关闭工厂close ♦︎ shut ♦︎ lock ♦︎ slam ♦︎ draw ♦︎ boltThese words all mean to put sth such as a door into a position so that it covers an opening, or to move the parts of sth together so that it is no longer open. 这些词均表示关上、合上、合拢。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to close / shut / lock / slam / bolt a door / gate◆to close / shut / lock a window / drawer / case / suitcase◆to close / shut / slam a shutter◆to close / shut / bolt a hatch◆to close / shut a / an / your box / lid / eyes / mouth / flap / valve / book / umbrella◆to close / draw the curtains / blinds◆a door / gate closes / shuts / slams◆sb's eyes close / shut◆to hear sth close / shut / slam◆to close / shut / lock / slam / bolt sth behind you◆to close / shut / lock / bolt sth firmly◆to close / shut sth tightly◆to half / partly close / shut / draw sth■ close /kləʊz; NAmE kloʊz/ [transitive, intransitive] to put sth such as a door, window or lid into a position so that it covers an opening; to get into this position; to move the parts of sth together so that it is no longer open 关；关闭；合上；合拢◆She closed the gate behind her.她关上了身后的大门。◆She closed her eyes and fell asleep immediately.她闭上眼睛，立刻就睡着了。◆The doors open and close automatically.这些门自动开关。OPP open ⓘ The opposite is open. * close的反义词是open◆She opened her bag and took out her passport.她打开包拿出了她的护照。◆The door opened and Alan walked in.门打开了，艾伦走了进来。 ■ shut (shutting, shut, shut) [transitive, intransitive] to make sth close; to become closed 关闭；关上；合上◆I can't shut my suitcase－it's too full.我的手提箱合不上－装得太满了。◆I shut my eyes against the bright light.我闭上眼睛，以防强光照射。◆He shut his book and looked up.他合上书，抬起头来。◆The window won't shut.窗户关不上。OPP open NOTE 辨析 Close or shut?You can use close and shut with the same range of nouns, but shut is used more often for containers such as boxes and suitcases. Shut is often used to talk about sudden actions, and can suggest more noise. Close often suggests doing things more slowly or gently. * close和shut可接的名词范围相同，但shut更多用于容器，如 box和suitcase。shut的动作一般较突然，声音可能更大；相比之下，close的动作较为缓慢和轻柔◆Close your eyes and go to sleep.闭上眼睛睡觉。◆She quietly closed the window and crept out of the room.她轻轻关上窗户，悄悄走出了房间。 ■ lock [transitive, intransitive] to close sth firmly so that it will not open, using a lock; to be able to be closed firmly in this way; to put sth in a safe place and lock it （用锁）锁上；被锁住；把⋯锁起来◆The gates are locked at 6 o'clock.6点钟锁大门。◆This suitcase doesn't lock.这手提箱锁不上。◆She locked her passport and money in the safe.她把自己的护照和钱锁在了保险柜里。ⓘ A lock is a device that keeps a door, window, lid, etc. shut, usually needing a key to open it. * lock可作名词，指锁。 OPP unlock ⓘ To unlock sth is to undo the lock of a door, window, etc. using a key. * unlock指用钥匙开锁。■ slam (-mm-) [intransitive, transitive] to shut, or to make sth shut, with a lot of force, making a loud noise （使⋯）砰地关上◆I heard the door slam behind him.我听见他砰地把身后的门关上了。◆He stormed out of the house, slamming the door as he left.他怒气冲冲地从房子里出来，把门砰地关上了。 see also slam ⇨ crash ▸ slam noun [countable, usually singular] ◆The front door closed with a slam.前门猛地关上了。◆She gave the door a good hard slam.她使劲砰的一声关上了门。■ draw (drew, drawn) [transitive] to close or open curtains or blinds 拉（窗帘或卷帘）◆Draw the curtains－it's dark outside.拉上窗帘吧，外面天黑了。◆She drew back the curtains and let the sunlight in.她拉开窗帘让阳光照进来。■ bolt [transitive, intransitive] to lock a door or window by sliding a bolt across; to be able to be locked in this way 用插销闩上；能被闩上◆Don't forget to bolt the door.别忘了闩门。◆The gate bolts on the inside.这扇门从里面上闩。ⓘ A bolt is a long, narrow piece of metal that you slide across the inside of a door or window in order to lock it. * bolt可作名词，指门窗的闩或插销。 close2 /kləʊz; NAmE kloʊz/ verb close a door/your eyes/a book 关门；闭眼；合上书a factory closes/close a factory 工厂倒闭；关闭工厂close ♦︎ cease trading ♦︎ fail ♦︎ close (sth) down ♦︎ collapse ♦︎ go bust ♦︎ crash ♦︎ go bankrupt ♦︎ fold ♦︎ flopThese are all words that can be used when a business stops operating, often because it does not have enough money to pay the bills and cannot borrow any more. 这些词均表示停业、倒闭、破产。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a firm / company closes / ceases trading / fails / closes down / collapses / goes bust / crashes / goes bankrupt / folds◆a business closes / ceases trading / fails / closes down / collapses / goes bust / crashes / folds◆an industry closes down / collapses◆a person goes bust / goes bankrupt◆a / an factory / newspaper / operation / shop closes / closes down◆shares / prices / markets collapse / crash◆a show / play closes / folds / flops◆to suddenly close / close down / collapse / fold■ close [intransitive, transitive](of a business, service or show) to stop operating; to cause a business, service or show to stop operating （企业、服务或演出）停止运作；停业；关闭◆The hospital closed at the end of last year.这家医院去年年底关闭了。◆The play closed after just three nights.这部剧仅上演了三个晚上就停演了。◆The club was closed by the police.那家俱乐部被警方查封了。◆They are closing their Liverpool factory.他们将关闭利物浦的工厂。OPP open ⓘ When a business, service or show opens it starts business or starts playing to the public for the first time. * open指企业开业、服务行业开始营业或演出首次登场◆The show opened to great reviews.首演好评如潮。◆The company opened its doors for business a month ago.那家公司一个月前开业。 ▸ closure /ˈkləʊʒə(r); NAmE ˈkloʊʒər/ noun [countable, uncountable] ◆factory closures工厂倒闭◆The hospital has been threatened with closure.这家医院已经面临关闭的威胁。■ ˌcease ˈtrading phrase (formal, business 商业) (of a business) to stop operating （企业）停业◆A leading travel firm has ceased trading with the loss of a number of jobs.一家大旅行社已经停业，好些人丢了工作。■ fail [intransitive](of a business) to be unable to continue operating （企业）倒闭，破产◆More banks failed as people rushed to withdraw their money.由于人们争相挤兑，更多银行倒闭了。▸ failure noun [countable, uncountable] ◆There has been an alarming increase in business failures.企业倒闭数字的上升令人担忧。■ ˌclose ˈdown ■ ˌclose sth ˈdown phrasal verb (of a business or service) to stop operating; to cause a business or service to stop operating （使）停业；关闭；倒闭◆Companies were closing down or reducing their workforce.公司纷纷倒闭或裁员。◆Banks are closing down their smaller branches.各银行将关闭较小的分行。OPP open (sth) up ⓘ When a business or service opens up it starts operating; to open sth up is to start a new business or service. * open up指企业或服务行业开始运作，open sth up指开展新的业务或服务◆There's a new Thai restaurant opening up in town.城里新开了一家泰国菜餐厅。 NOTE 辨析 Close or close down?There is not much difference in meaning between these words. Both can be used to talk about either a business or service; close but not close down can also be used to talk about a play or show. 两者意思上没有太大差别，均可用于企业或服务行业。close可用于戏剧或演出，但 close down不可以◆The play closed down after just three nights. ■ collapse [intransitive](of a business, prices, a market or an economy) to lose all or most of its value （企业）倒闭；（价格）暴跌；（市场）萧条；（经济）崩溃◆Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures.成交量不佳的消息使股价暴跌。◆The region's economy has virtually collapsed.该地区的经济实际上已经崩溃。▸ collapse noun [countable, usually singular] ◆the collapse of share prices / the dollar / the market股价／美元的暴跌；市场大萧条■ go ˈbust idiom (goes, went, gone) (informal) (of a business or the person running it) to be unable to continue operating because there is no money （企业或其经营者）破产◆We lost our deposit when the travel company went bust.旅行社破产，我们的订金都赔了进去。■ crash [intransitive] (rather informal) (of a business, market or prices) to lose all or most of its value suddenly （企业、市场或价格突然）贬值，倒闭，失败；暴跌◆Share prices crashed to an all-time low yesterday.股价昨天暴跌到了历史最低点。▸ crash noun [countable] ◆the 1929 stock market crash1929年的股市暴跌NOTE 辨析 Collapse or crash?There is not much difference in meaning between these words. An economy can collapse but not crash. Crash is slightly more informal and suggests an even more sudden event. 这两个词意思没有太大差别。economy可以和collapse搭配，但不可以和crash搭配。crash稍显不正式，更强调突发性。■ go ˈbankrupt phrase (goes, went, gone)(of a person or company) to stop running a business because you do not have enough money to pay what you owe; (of a person) to ask a judge in court to officially say that you cannot pay your debts and are not allowed to borrow money （人或公司）破产；（人）申请破产◆Unfortunately the firm went bankrupt before the work was completed.不幸的是，这家公司在工程完成之前破产了。◆I have thousands of pounds of debt which I can't afford to pay back and am thinking of going bankrupt.我有数千英镑的债务还不上，正在考虑申请破产。■ fold [intransitive] (rather informal) (of a business, organization or show) to close because it is no longer successful （企业或组织）倒闭；（演出）结束，停演◆His business folded and his wife left him.他生意失败，妻子也离开了他。◆The musical folded after 16 performances.那部音乐剧演了16场后停演了。◆Her fan club has folded.她的追星族俱乐部关闭了。■ flop (-pp-) [intransitive] (rather informal) (of a film, show, product or project) to be a failure, especially because it is not popular （电影、演出、产品或项目）失败，不成功（尤指因不受大众欢迎）◆The play flopped on Broadway.这出戏在百老汇砸了锅。◆Many of his ambitious schemes have flopped in the past.过去他的许多雄心大计都失败了。 see also flop ⇨ disaster noun end verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ finish 另见finish条end ♦︎ finish ♦︎ stop ♦︎ terminate ♦︎ conclude ♦︎ close ♦︎ wind (sth) upThese words all mean to come to an end or to bring sth to an end. 这些词均表示结束、终止。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to end / finish / conclude by / with sth◆to end / finish / conclude / close / wind up a meeting◆to end / finish / conclude / wind up a speech◆a play / show / film ends / finishes / concludes◆a concert ends / finishes◆a story / letter / note ends / concludes◆to almost / nearly / effectively end / finish / stop / terminate / conclude◆to virtually / all but / never end / finish / stop / terminate / conclude◆to end / finish / stop / terminate / conclude at last / eventually / finally◆to end / stop / terminate suddenly / abruptly / automatically■ end [intransitive, transitive] to come to an end; to bring sth to an end 结束；终止◆The road ends here.这条路到此为止。◆How does the story end?这个故事结局如何？◆The speaker ended by suggesting some topics for discussion.演讲者最后提了几个问题给大家讨论。◆They decided to end their relationship.他们决定结束彼此之间的关系。◆They ended the play with a song.他们以一首歌为那出戏画上句号。OPP begin ⇨ begin , begin ⇨ start verb ■ finish [intransitive, transitive] to come to an end; to bring sth to an end, especially in an appropriate way 结束；（以适当方式）结束（某事）◆The play finished at 10.30.比赛于10点半结束。◆The symphony finishes with a flourish.交响乐在气势磅礴的乐声中结束。◆A cup of coffee finished the meal perfectly.饭后一杯咖啡，晚餐圆满结束。◆They finished off the show with one of their most famous songs.他们用自己最著名的一首歌作演出的收尾。 OPP start ⇨ begin ■ stop (-pp-) [intransitive, transitive] to end; to make sth end 终止；结束◆When is this fighting going to stop?这场仗要打到什么时候？◆The bus service stops at midnight.公共汽车午夜停止服务。◆Has it stopped raining yet?雨停了没有？◆Doctors couldn't stop the bleeding.医生止不住血。◆The referee was forced to stop the game because of snow.由于下雪，裁判被迫终止了比赛。 OPP start ⇨ begin ■ terminate / /ˈtɜːmɪneɪt; NAmE ˈtɜːrmɪneɪt/ [intransitive, transitive] (formal) (of an arrangement or agreement) to end; to make an arrangement, agreement or pregnancy end （商定或协定）终止；终止（商定、协定或妊娠）◆Your contract of employment terminates in December.你的聘约12月到期。◆to terminate a pregnancy (= to have an abortion) 终止妊娠■ conclude /kənˈkluːd/ / [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to finish 终止；结束◆Let me make just a few concluding remarks.我来讲几句作结吧。◆The commission concluded its investigation last month.委员会于上月终止了调查。NOTE 辨析 End, stop, finish or conclude? End can be used for things that end in space as well as things that end in time. * end可以指时间或空间概念上的终止◆The road ends here.这条路到此为止。 End, finish and conclude are used especially about things that you do not expect to start again after they have ended. * end、finish和conclude尤指终止后不会再重启◆The war ended in 1945, after almost six years of fighting.战事持续近六年后，于1945年结束。◆The concert should finish by 10 o'clock.音乐会应该在10点钟结束。◆She concluded her speech with a quotation from Shakespeare.她以莎士比亚的一句名言结束了演讲。 Finish and conclude, in particular, suggest that sth has come to an end because it has been completed. Finish is used more to talk about when sth ends; conclude is used more to talk about how sth ends. Stop is used about things that may or will start again, or that cannot ever be 'completed'. * finish和conclude尤指事情因全部完成而终结。finish侧重“何时”终止；conclude侧重“如何”终止。stop指事情可能或将会继续，或不可能完全终结◆The rain stopped just long enough for us to have a quick walk in the park.雨停了一会儿，这段时间刚好可以让我们到公园随便走走。 ■ close [transitive, intransitive] to bring sth such as a meeting or investigation to an end; (of a meeting or offer) to come to an end 结束，终止（会议或调查）；（会议或优惠）结束◆Mr Hunt then closed the debate for the government.亨特先生于是替政府出面结束了这场争辩。◆A police spokesman said that the case was now closed.警方发言人称现在已经结案。◆The offer closes at the end of the week.优惠将于本周末结束。ⓘ If a case, investigation or subject is closed, no further investigation or discussion takes place; however, it does not necessarily mean that the case or problem under investigation or discussion has been solved: it may simply have been decided to stop trying to solve it. * close的宾语是case、investigation或subject时，表示不再调查或讨论，但是并不意味着被调查、讨论的案件或问题已经得到解决，也许只不过是决定了不再追查或深究。 OPP open ⇨ begin , open ⇨ start verb ■ ˌwind ˈup ■ ˌwind sth ˈup phrasal verb to bring sth such as a speech or meeting to an end 结束（讲话或会议等）◆The speaker was just winding up when the door was flung open.演讲人刚要结束讲话时门突然被推开了。◆If we all agree, let's wind up the discussion.如果大家都同意，咱们就结束讨论吧。 OPP kick off ⇨ start verb close /kləʊs; NAmE kloʊs/ adjective close ♦︎ even ♦︎ near ♦︎ narrow ♦︎ level ♦︎ marginal ♦︎ hard-fought ♦︎ neck and neckThese words all describe a race or contest in which two people or teams are equal, or a situation in which sth nearly happens or does not happen. 这些词均表示比赛或竞赛实力接近的、势均力敌的，或情况几乎出现或没有出现。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达势均力敌的程度| close | ➔ | even | | near | | level | | narrow | | neck and neck | | marginal | | | | hard-fought | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆level / neck and neck with sb◆a close / an even / a hard-fought contest◆a close / hard-fought battle / finish◆a narrow / hard-fought win / victory◆a narrow / marginal lead◆a close / narrow vote◆desperately close / hard-fought■ close (of a race or contest) won by only a small amount or distance; used to describe sth that nearly happens, usually a dangerous or unpleasant situation （速度比赛或竞赛）实力相近的，以微弱优势取胜的；（通常指危险或不好的事情几乎发生）差一点儿，险些◆It's a desperately close race－I can't quite see who is ahead.这真是一场势均力敌的比赛－我都分不太清楚谁在前面。◆The California election looks too close to call (= it is impossible to predict the result) as voters go to the polls.加州的选举在选民投票时很难预测结果。◆The invasion never happened but it was a close run thing (= it almost did).侵略始终没有发生，但是差一点就发生了。◆Phew! That was close－the motorbike nearly hit us.啊！好险！那辆摩托车差点儿就撞上我们了。■ even (of an amount) equal or the same for each person, team, place, etc.; (of two people or teams) equally balanced or of an equal standard （数量）相等的，均等的；（两人或两队）均衡的，水平相当的◆The scores were even at 2-2.分数是2比2平。◆The political goal was a more even distribution of wealth.政治目标是更平均地分配财富。◆The two players were pretty even.这两个选手不相上下。◆This seems to be a more even contest.这看来是一场更势均力敌的竞赛。OPP uneven ⓘ An uneven contest is one in which one group, team or player is much better than the other. * uneven形容比赛时指实力悬殊。■ near [only before noun] (no comparative or superlative 无比较级和最高级) being almost sth or almost happening 接近的；差不多的◆The election proved to be a near disaster for the party.这次选举对该党来说几乎是一场灾难。◆We won in the end but it was a near thing.我们最后获胜了，但是赢得很惊险。◆The climbers had already had one near miss (= almost had an accident) on the summit.这群登山者已经有过一次在山顶上差点出事的经历。■ narrow [usually before noun] only just achieved or avoided 勉强的；刚刚好的◆He blamed the goalkeeper for the narrow defeat against Ireland.被爱尔兰队险胜，他责怪起守门员来。◆She lost the race by the narrowest of margins.她以极小的差距在赛跑中落败了。◆She was elected by a narrow majority.她以微弱多数当选。◆He had a narrow escape (= nearly had a bad accident) when his car skidded on the ice.车在冰上打滑，他险些出事。■ level [not before noun] (especially BrE) (in sport) having the same score as sb （体育运动）得分相同◆A good second round brought him level with the tournament leader.他第二轮发挥良好，使他与锦标赛领先的选手得分持平。◆The clubs are level on points.各俱乐部得分相同。◆The score was level at 5 points each.比分是5比5平。◆France took an early lead but Wales soon drew level (= scored the same number of points).法国队开始领先，但很快威尔士队扳平了比分。■ marginal /ˈmɑːdʒɪnl; NAmE ˈmɑːrdʒɪnl/ [usually before noun] (especially BrE) (in politics) won or lost by a very small number of votes in the last election and therefore very important or interesting politically （议席或选区）边缘的，游离的（以微弱票数决定成败）◆Their campaign targeted marginal constituencies.他们的竞选活动针对边缘选区。◆They risk losing key marginal seats at the next election.他们有失去下次选举关键边缘席位的风险。OPP safe ⓘ In British politics a safe seat is a constituency where a particular party has a lot of support and is unlikely to be defeated in an election. 在英国政治中，safe seat指某政党稳操胜券的选区。■ ˌhard-ˈfought (of a contest or competition) that involves both sides fighting very hard to win （比赛）竞争激烈的◆It was a lively and hard-fought match.这是一场气氛热烈、竞争激烈的比赛。◆It was a hard-fought game.这是一场激烈的比赛。■ ˌneck and ˈneck idiom level with sb in a race or competition （速度比赛或竞赛中）势均力敌，不分上下，平手◆The cyclists were neck and neck as they approached the final lap.自行车运动员在接近最后一圈时战况激烈。◆He was running neck and neck with his Democrat rival.他和他的民主党竞争对手势均力敌。 detailed adjective detailed ♦︎ comprehensive ♦︎ careful ♦︎ thorough ♦︎ close ♦︎ rigorous ♦︎ minute ♦︎ in-depth ♦︎ exhaustive ♦︎ full-scaleThese words all describe an act of considering, studying or testing sth in a way that pays great attention to detail and/or includes everything that might be considered. 这些词均表示仔细的、全面的、彻底的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a detailed / a comprehensive / a careful / a thorough / a close / a rigorous / a minute / an in-depth / an exhaustive analysis◆a detailed / a comprehensive / a careful / a thorough / a close / a rigorous / an in-depth / an exhaustive / a full-scale study / investigation◆a detailed / a comprehensive / a careful / a thorough / a close / a rigorous / a minute / an exhaustive examination of sth◆a detailed / a comprehensive / a careful / a thorough / a close / an in-depth look at sth◆a detailed / a careful / a thorough / a rigorous / an exhaustive / a full-scale search◆detailed / comprehensive / careful / thorough / rigorous / in-depth / exhaustive research◆detailed / comprehensive / thorough / rigorous / exhaustive tests◆a detailed / a comprehensive / a thorough / an in-depth / an exhaustive survey◆detailed / comprehensive / thorough / in-depth / exhaustive coverage◆detailed / comprehensive / careful / minute instructions◆a detailed / a comprehensive / a thorough / an in-depth / an exhaustive discussion◆detailed / comprehensive / thorough / in-depth / exhaustive knowledge◆detailed / careful / thorough / close consideration◆detailed / careful / close / rigorous / minute attention■ detailed giving many details and a lot of information; paying great attention to details 详细的；细致的；精细的◆She was able to give a detailed description of her attacker.她能够把袭击她的人详细地描述出来。◆He gave detailed instructions on what to do in an emergency.他详细地告诉大家遇到紧急情况时该怎么做。 see also detail ⇨ information ■ comprehensive / /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv; NAmE ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv/ including all, or almost all, the items, details, facts or information that may be concerned 全面的；综合的；详尽的◆a comprehensive list of addresses详尽的地址目录◆You are advised to take out comprehensive insurance (= covering all risks).建议你购买综合保险。▸ comprehensively adverb ◆The matter has been comprehensively discussed.这个问题已经全面讨论过了。■ careful giving a lot of attention to details when considering, studying or explaining sth 细致的；精心的；慎重的◆This is a very careful piece of work.这是一件精雕细琢的作品。◆After careful consideration we have decided to offer you the job.经过慎重考虑，我们决定给你这份工作。OPP careless ⇨ lax see also care ⇨ care noun ▸ carefully adverb ◆Read the contract carefully before signing it.仔细阅读合同之后再签字。◆He chose his words carefully.他措辞审慎。■ thorough including everything and with great attention to detail 完全的；透彻的；细致的◆You will need a thorough understanding of the subject.你需要对这个学科有透彻的了解。◆The police carried out a thorough investigation.警方展开了全面的调查。 see also thorough ⇨ conscientious ⓘ Thorough is used especially to describe sb's knowledge or understanding or the way they carry out a task. * thorough尤与knowledge或understanding搭配，或修饰执行任务的方式。▸ thoroughly adverb ◆Wash the fruit thoroughly before use.把水果仔细清洗后再用。◆The work had not been done very thoroughly.这工作做得不太认真。■ close [only before noun] giving careful attention to detail when looking at or considering sth （查看或考虑时）细致的，严密的，周密的◆Take a close look at this photograph.仔细看看这张照片。◆On closer examination the painting proved to be a fake.经过更为仔细的查看，那幅画被证实是赝品。▸ closely adverb ◆I sat and watched everyone very closely.我坐着仔细观察每个人。■ rigorous /ˈrɪgərəs/ / very thorough, especially when studying or testing sth or dealing with a problem （尤指研究、测试或处理问题时）彻底的，严谨的，细致的◆Few people have gone into the topic in such rigorous detail.很少有人如此严谨地讨论这个题目。◆The second team adopted a much more rigorous approach to the problem.第二组处理这个问题时审慎得多。▸ rigorously adverb ◆Each product is rigorously tested before being put on sale.每件产品销售前都经过严格检验。▸ rigour (BrE) (NAmE rigor) / /ˈrɪgə(r)/ / ◆academic / intellectual / scientific rigour学术／思想／科学上的严谨■ minute / /maɪˈnjuːt, NAmE also maɪˈnuːt/ giving very detailed attention to sth 细致入微的；详细的◆A minute inspection of the vase revealed tiny cracks in the glaze.通过细致的检验，发现花瓶的釉上有细微的裂纹。◆She remembered everything in minute detail / in the minutest detail(s).她记得每一件事的细节。▸ minutely adverb ◆The agreement has been examined minutely.该协议经过了细致入微的审查。■ ˌin-ˈdepth [usually before noun] knowing or considering a subject in a lot of detail 彻底的；深入详尽的◆We will be providing in-depth coverage of the election as the results come in.等选举结果出来后，我们将会作详细报道。◆Tonight's programme is an in-depth look at the long-term effects of unemployment.今晚的节目将深入探讨失业问题的长远影响。■ exhaustive /ɪgˈzɔːstɪv/ / very complete, especially when discussing, studying or testing sth （尤指讨论、研究或测试时）详尽的，彻底的，全面的◆Exhaustive research has been carried out into the effects of the drug.对这种药的作用已进行了彻底的研究。◆The information in this leaflet is not intended to be exhaustive, but it does tell you the basic facts.这本小册子里的信息并非详尽无遗，但确实提供了一些基本事实。▸ exhaustively adverb ◆Every product is exhaustively tested before being sold.每件产品销售前都经过全面检验。■ full-scale [only before noun](of an organized activity) that is as complete as possible （有组织的活动）全面的，彻底的◆Rebel troops launched a full-scale attack on the city.叛军对这座城市发动了全面进攻。◆The police made a full-scale search of the area.警方对该地区进行了彻底搜查。 see also scale ⇨ level NOTE 辨析 Which word?In most cases there are several different words from this group that you could use. Some of these words focus more on depth, that is the quality of understanding or providing a lot of details about sth: these include detailed, close, minute and in-depth. Some of these words focus more on range, that is the quality of including everything about a subject from every possible point of view: these include comprehensive, exhaustive and full-scale. Thorough and rigorous focus on both depth and range. 大多数情况下，本组词语中都有几个可以通用。有些词侧重指深度，即理解或所供细节的翔实程度，如detailed、close、minute和in-depth；有些词侧重指广度，即详尽包含事情各个方面的所有内容，如comprehensive、exhaustive和full-scale；thorough和rigorous则兼顾深度和广度两方面。 like preposition , adjective like ♦︎ similar ♦︎ close ♦︎ alikeThese words all describe sb/sth that is almost the same as sb/sth else. 这些词均表示与他人或他物类似、相似。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆similar / close to sb / sth◆like sth / similar / close / alike in size, amount, etc.◆like / similar age / circumstances / kind / manner◆a like / similar case / situation◆to look like sth / similar / alike◆to feel / sound / taste like sth / similar◆very / quite like sth / similar / close / alike◆rather / remarkably / basically like sth / similar / alike◆exactly like sth / alike■ like preposition almost the same as sb/sth else; in the same way as sb/sth 相似；类似；像⋯一样◆She's wearing a dress like mine.她穿的连衣裙和我的相似。◆ (especially BrE) He's very like his father.他很像他的父亲。◆She looks nothing like (= not at all like) her mother.她长得一点也不像她母亲。◆Students were angry at being treated like children.被当作小孩子对待，学生们感到很气愤。◆You do it like this.你就照这样做。◆Don't look at me like that.别这样看着我。ⓘ In formal language like can also be used as an adjective before a noun, meaning 'having similar qualities to another person or thing'. 在正式语言中，like也可用作定语形容词，表示“相似的”◆ (formal) You'll get a chance to meet people of like mind (= with similar interests and opinions).你将有机会结识一些志趣相投的人。◆She responded in like manner.她以类似的方式作出了回应。 OPP unlike ⇨ different see also likeness ⇨ similarity ▸ like noun [singular] ◆I enjoy jazz, rock and the like (= similar types of music).我喜欢诸如爵士、摇滚之类的音乐。◆I let the apartment to students, backpackers and such like.我把公寓租给学生、背包旅行者之类的人。◆They experienced a period of expansion the like of which the world had rarely seen.他们经历了一个世所罕见的扩张时期。◆You're not comparing like with like.你所比较的不是同类的东西。■ similar adjective like sb/sth but not exactly the same 相似的；相仿的；类似的◆We have very similar interests.我们趣味相投。◆My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.我的教学风格跟大多数教师相似。◆The two houses are similar in size.这两座房子大小差不多。◆The brothers look very similar.兄弟几个长得很像。◆Stir the paint with a piece of wood or something similar.用木棒或类似的东西把油漆搅拌一下。OPP different , dissimilar ⇨ different see also similarity ⇨ similarity ▸ similarly adverb ◆Husband and wife were similarly successful in their chosen careers.夫妻俩在各自选择的事业上成就不相上下。■ close / /kləʊs; NAmE kloʊs/ adjective very similar to sth else or to an amount 酷似的；几乎相等的◆There's a close resemblance between them (= they look very similar).他们长相酷似。◆His feeling for her was close to hatred.他对她的感情近乎仇恨。◆We tried to match the colours, but this was the closest we could get.我们尽量使颜色搭配协调，但这是我们所能做到的最佳效果了。▸ closely adverb ◆She closely resembled her mother at the same age.她长相酷似妈妈当年的样子。■ alike /əˈlaɪk/ / adjective [not before noun] very similar; almost the same 相像；十分相似◆My sister and I do not look alike.我和妹妹长得不像。◆The two towns are very much alike in size and population.这两个城镇在面积和人口上十分相近。ⓘ Alike is often used in the phrases pretty much alike, so (much) alike, very (much) alike and look alike. * alike常用于pretty much alike、so (much) alike、very (much) alike和look alike等短语中。▸ alike adverb ◆They tried to treat all their children alike.他们尽量对自己所有的孩子一视同仁。 end noun end ♦︎ close ♦︎ conclusion ♦︎ finish ♦︎ ending ♦︎ termination ♦︎ finale ♦︎ cessationThese are all words for the final part of a period of time, an event, activity or story. 这些词均表示时间、事件、活动或故事的终结、结尾。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a / an (...) end / finish / ending / finale to sth◆at the end / close / conclusion / finish / finale◆an abrupt end / conclusion / finish / ending / termination◆a dramatic end / conclusion / finish / ending / finale◆a fitting end / conclusion / finale◆to have a / an (...) end / conclusion / ending / finale◆to provide a / an (...) conclusion / finish / ending / finale◆to bring sth to an end / a close / a conclusion◆to come / draw to an end / a close◆to reach the end / finale■ end [countable] the final part of a period of time, an event, activity or story; a situation in which sth does not exist any more （时间、事件、活动或故事的）终止，结尾；结束◆I hope to finish this by the end of the week.我希望周末前能完成这项工作。◆They finally get named at the end of the book.他们终于在书的结尾部分被提到姓名。◆There'll be a chance to ask questions at the end.最后将有提问的机会。◆We had to hear about the whole journey from beginning to end.我们只好从头到尾把整个旅行情况听完。◆It's the end of an era.这是一个时代的终结。◆It was the end of all his dreams.他所有的梦想都破灭了。◆The war was finally at an end.战争终于结束了。◆Let's put an end to (= stop) these rumours once and for all.让我们对这些流言飞语作一了结吧。OPP beginning ⇨ start noun ■ close / /kləʊz; NAmE kloʊz/ [singular] (formal, especially business 尤用于商业) the final part of a period of time, an event or activity （时间、事件或活动的）终止，结尾◆Can we bring this meeting to a close?我们可以结束这次会议了吗？◆By the close of London trading, Wall Street was up 9.78 points.伦敦交易结束时，华尔街股市上扬了9.78个点。ⓘ Close is most often used in business contexts or in sport, especially cricket or baseball. * close最常用于商务或体育语境，尤用于曲棍球或棒球运动◆At the close of play, the scores were almost level.比赛结束时，比分几乎持平。 ■ conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ / [countable, usually singular] (rather formal) the final part of sth such as a speech or piece of writing （演讲或文章的）结束，结尾◆The conclusion of the book was disappointing.这本书的结尾令人失望。◆If we took this argument to its logical conclusion...假如我们把这段论证归结成一个合乎其逻辑的结论⋯◆In conclusion, (= finally) I would like to thank...最后，我想感谢⋯■ finish [countable, usually singular] the final part of sth, especially a race （尤指速度比赛的）最后，结局◆It was a close finish, as they had predicted.正如他们所料，比赛结果难分高下。◆He led the race from start to finish.他自始至终都在领跑。◆I want to see the job right through to the finish.我要跟进这项工作，直到完成为止。ⓘ Finish is mainly used to talk about sports events, especially races, or other activities where the time that sb takes is considered to be important. * finish主要用于体育赛事，尤指速度比赛或其他需要计时的活动。 OPP start ⇨ start noun ■ ending [countable] the last part of a story, film, etc.; the act of finishing sth; the final part of sth （故事、影片等的）结局；结束；结尾◆His stories usually have a happy ending.他的故事通常有一个美满的结局。◆Today is the anniversary of the ending of the Pacific War.今天是太平洋战争结束纪念日。◆It was the perfect ending to the perfect day.美好的一天就此圆满地结束了。OPP opening , beginning ⇨ start noun ■ termination / /ˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn; NAmE ˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃn/ [uncountable] (formal, especially business 尤用于商业) the act of ending sth; the end of sth 结束；终止；末端◆Failure to comply with these conditions will result in termination of the contract.不遵守这些条件将导致合同终止。■ finale /fɪˈnɑːli; NAmE fɪˈnæli/ [countable] the last part of a show or piece of music （演出的）终场；（音乐的）终曲◆the rousing finale of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony贝多芬第九交响曲激动人心的末章◆The festival ended with a grand finale of fireworks and music.节日活动的最后是烟火盛放、音乐齐鸣的盛大场面。ⓘ Finale can also be used after an adjective to mean 'an ending to sth of the type mentioned'. * finale也可用于形容词之后，意为“以⋯方式结束”◆It was a fitting finale to the day's events.当天的活动至此顺利结束。 ■ cessation /seˈseɪʃn/ / [singular] (formal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) the stopping of sth; a pause in sth 停止；终止；暂停◆Mexico called for an immediate cessation of hostilities.墨西哥呼吁立即停止敌对行动。 |