| 例句 |
collapse verb
⇨ collapse 1 (the roof collapses) ⇨ collapse 2 (collapse from fatigue) ⇨ close 2 (the market collapses) ⇨ fail 2 (talks collapse)collapse noun
⇨ failurecollapse1 verb the roof collapses 房顶坍塌collapse from fatigue 累到晕倒collapse ♦︎ crumble ♦︎ give way ♦︎ disintegrate ♦︎ cave (sth) inThese are all words that can be used when sth falls down or breaks apart. 这些词均表示倒塌、碎裂、解体。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the ceiling / roof / tunnel collapses / caves in◆the walls collapse / cave in◆the pillars / supports collapse / give way◆the door / floor / ground gives way / caves in◆a building collapses / caves in on itself◆to collapse / give way / cave in under the weight of sth■ collapse [intransitive](of a building or structure) to fall down or fall in suddenly （建筑或结构）突然倒塌，突然坍塌◆Timber buildings may simply rot and collapse.木质建筑容易腐烂倒塌。◆The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.房顶在雪的重压下突然塌下来。■ crumble [intransitive, transitive] to break, or break sth, into very small pieces （使）破碎，成碎屑◆Rice flour makes the cake less likely to crumble.这种糕饼用米粉做不容易碎。◆crumbling stonework不断破裂的石材建筑◆She crumbled the dry earth into fine powdery dust.她将干土磨成细粉末。ⓘ If a building or a piece of land is crumbling, parts of it are breaking off. * be crumbling指建筑物或地面多处坍塌、损坏或崩裂◆The cliff is gradually crumbling away.峭壁正在逐渐崩坍。 ■ ˌgive ˈway idiom (gave, given)to fall down or inwards under pressure; to stop supporting sb/sth （在压力下）垮掉，倒塌；支撑不住（某人或某物）◆The pillars gave way and a section of the roof collapsed.那几根柱子塌了，部分房顶塌陷。◆Her legs gave way beneath her.她的两条腿有些发软。■ disintegrate / /dɪsˈɪntɪgreɪt/ / [intransitive] to break into small parts or pieces and be destroyed 碎裂；解体；分裂◆The plane disintegrated as it fell into the sea.飞机坠入大海时解体了。◆The raw cotton disintegrated between her fingers.她用手将原棉撕开。■ ˌcave ˈin ■ ˌcave sth ˈin phrasal verb (of a roof, wall, door or the ground) to fall down or fall in suddenly; to make a roof, wall, door or the ground do this （房顶、墙、门或地面）塌落，塌陷，坍塌；使塌陷◆The ceiling suddenly caved in on top of them.他们头顶的天花板突然塌落。◆Part of the wall was caved in.部分墙面坍塌了。NOTE 辨析 Collapse, give way or cave in?Whole buildings collapse; roofs and walls may collapse or cave in; supports may collapse or give way; a door or the ground may give way or cave in. * collapse指整栋建筑倒塌，collapse或cave in指房顶或墙倒塌。collapse或give way指支撑物倒塌，give way或cave in 指门或地面坍塌。 collapse2 verb the roof collapses 房顶坍塌collapse from fatigue 累到晕倒collapse ♦︎ faint ♦︎ drop ♦︎ pass outThese words all mean to fall down and/or become unconscious because you are very ill or tired or have had a shock. 这些词均表示因生病、疲惫或震惊而晕倒、昏倒。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to collapse / faint / drop / pass out from exhaustion / hunger / loss of blood / the heat, etc.■ collapse [intransitive] to fall down, and usually become unconscious, especially because you are very ill （尤指因病重）晕倒，昏倒◆He collapsed in the street and died two hours later.他晕倒在街上，两个小时后死了。◆They finally arrived, collapsing from fatigue.他们终于到了，因疲惫而晕倒在地。▸ collapse noun [uncountable, countable, usually singular] ◆She was taken to hospital after her collapse at work.她在工作时晕倒后被送进了医院。■ faint [intransitive] to become unconscious when not enough blood is going to your brain, usually because of the heat, a shock, etc. （通常因高温、震惊等导致）昏厥◆She thought she would faint from sheer happiness.她想她会因极度的高兴晕过去。◆ (informal, especially spoken) I almost fainted (= I was very surprised) when she told me.她告诉我时我吃惊得差点昏过去。▸ faint noun [singular] ◆He fell to the ground in a dead faint.他跌倒在地，昏死过去。■ drop (-pp-) [intransitive] (informal, especially spoken) to fall down or be no longer able to stand because you are extremely tired 累倒；累垮◆I feel ready to drop.我感到快累垮了。◆She expects everyone to work till they drop.她巴不得人人都干到累垮为止。■ ˌpass ˈout phrasal verb (rather formal) to become unconscious 昏迷；失去知觉◆I think I must have passed out after that, because I don't remember anything more.我想那之后我一定是昏过去了，因为我什么都记不起来。NOTE 辨析 Faint or pass out?People faint because not enough blood is going to the brain; people can pass out for this reason, or because they have been hit on the head or because they are drunk. * faint指因大脑供血不足导致晕厥；pass out可由此导致，或因头部受到撞击或醉酒所致。 close2 /kləʊz; NAmE kloʊz/ verb close a door/your eyes/a book 关门；闭眼；合上书a factory closes/close a factory 工厂倒闭；关闭工厂close ♦︎ cease trading ♦︎ fail ♦︎ close (sth) down ♦︎ collapse ♦︎ go bust ♦︎ crash ♦︎ go bankrupt ♦︎ fold ♦︎ flopThese are all words that can be used when a business stops operating, often because it does not have enough money to pay the bills and cannot borrow any more. 这些词均表示停业、倒闭、破产。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a firm / company closes / ceases trading / fails / closes down / collapses / goes bust / crashes / goes bankrupt / folds◆a business closes / ceases trading / fails / closes down / collapses / goes bust / crashes / folds◆an industry closes down / collapses◆a person goes bust / goes bankrupt◆a / an factory / newspaper / operation / shop closes / closes down◆shares / prices / markets collapse / crash◆a show / play closes / folds / flops◆to suddenly close / close down / collapse / fold■ close [intransitive, transitive](of a business, service or show) to stop operating; to cause a business, service or show to stop operating （企业、服务或演出）停止运作；停业；关闭◆The hospital closed at the end of last year.这家医院去年年底关闭了。◆The play closed after just three nights.这部剧仅上演了三个晚上就停演了。◆The club was closed by the police.那家俱乐部被警方查封了。◆They are closing their Liverpool factory.他们将关闭利物浦的工厂。OPP open ⓘ When a business, service or show opens it starts business or starts playing to the public for the first time. * open指企业开业、服务行业开始营业或演出首次登场◆The show opened to great reviews.首演好评如潮。◆The company opened its doors for business a month ago.那家公司一个月前开业。 ▸ closure /ˈkləʊʒə(r); NAmE ˈkloʊʒər/ noun [countable, uncountable] ◆factory closures工厂倒闭◆The hospital has been threatened with closure.这家医院已经面临关闭的威胁。■ ˌcease ˈtrading phrase (formal, business 商业) (of a business) to stop operating （企业）停业◆A leading travel firm has ceased trading with the loss of a number of jobs.一家大旅行社已经停业，好些人丢了工作。■ fail [intransitive](of a business) to be unable to continue operating （企业）倒闭，破产◆More banks failed as people rushed to withdraw their money.由于人们争相挤兑，更多银行倒闭了。▸ failure noun [countable, uncountable] ◆There has been an alarming increase in business failures.企业倒闭数字的上升令人担忧。■ ˌclose ˈdown ■ ˌclose sth ˈdown phrasal verb (of a business or service) to stop operating; to cause a business or service to stop operating （使）停业；关闭；倒闭◆Companies were closing down or reducing their workforce.公司纷纷倒闭或裁员。◆Banks are closing down their smaller branches.各银行将关闭较小的分行。OPP open (sth) up ⓘ When a business or service opens up it starts operating; to open sth up is to start a new business or service. * open up指企业或服务行业开始运作，open sth up指开展新的业务或服务◆There's a new Thai restaurant opening up in town.城里新开了一家泰国菜餐厅。 NOTE 辨析 Close or close down?There is not much difference in meaning between these words. Both can be used to talk about either a business or service; close but not close down can also be used to talk about a play or show. 两者意思上没有太大差别，均可用于企业或服务行业。close可用于戏剧或演出，但 close down不可以◆The play closed down after just three nights. ■ collapse [intransitive](of a business, prices, a market or an economy) to lose all or most of its value （企业）倒闭；（价格）暴跌；（市场）萧条；（经济）崩溃◆Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures.成交量不佳的消息使股价暴跌。◆The region's economy has virtually collapsed.该地区的经济实际上已经崩溃。▸ collapse noun [countable, usually singular] ◆the collapse of share prices / the dollar / the market股价／美元的暴跌；市场大萧条■ go ˈbust idiom (goes, went, gone) (informal) (of a business or the person running it) to be unable to continue operating because there is no money （企业或其经营者）破产◆We lost our deposit when the travel company went bust.旅行社破产，我们的订金都赔了进去。■ crash [intransitive] (rather informal) (of a business, market or prices) to lose all or most of its value suddenly （企业、市场或价格突然）贬值，倒闭，失败；暴跌◆Share prices crashed to an all-time low yesterday.股价昨天暴跌到了历史最低点。▸ crash noun [countable] ◆the 1929 stock market crash1929年的股市暴跌NOTE 辨析 Collapse or crash?There is not much difference in meaning between these words. An economy can collapse but not crash. Crash is slightly more informal and suggests an even more sudden event. 这两个词意思没有太大差别。economy可以和collapse搭配，但不可以和crash搭配。crash稍显不正式，更强调突发性。■ go ˈbankrupt phrase (goes, went, gone)(of a person or company) to stop running a business because you do not have enough money to pay what you owe; (of a person) to ask a judge in court to officially say that you cannot pay your debts and are not allowed to borrow money （人或公司）破产；（人）申请破产◆Unfortunately the firm went bankrupt before the work was completed.不幸的是，这家公司在工程完成之前破产了。◆I have thousands of pounds of debt which I can't afford to pay back and am thinking of going bankrupt.我有数千英镑的债务还不上，正在考虑申请破产。■ fold [intransitive] (rather informal) (of a business, organization or show) to close because it is no longer successful （企业或组织）倒闭；（演出）结束，停演◆His business folded and his wife left him.他生意失败，妻子也离开了他。◆The musical folded after 16 performances.那部音乐剧演了16场后停演了。◆Her fan club has folded.她的追星族俱乐部关闭了。■ flop (-pp-) [intransitive] (rather informal) (of a film, show, product or project) to be a failure, especially because it is not popular （电影、演出、产品或项目）失败，不成功（尤指因不受大众欢迎）◆The play flopped on Broadway.这出戏在百老汇砸了锅。◆Many of his ambitious schemes have flopped in the past.过去他的许多雄心大计都失败了。 see also flop ⇨ disaster noun fail2 verb fail to keep an appointment 未履约fail in your attempt 尝试失败fail an exam 考试不及格fail ♦︎ go wrong ♦︎ collapse ♦︎ break down ♦︎ get/go nowhere ♦︎ backfire ♦︎ founder ♦︎ fall through ♦︎ come to nothingThese words all mean to be unsuccessful, especially after a period of time trying to do sth. 这些词均表示失败，尤指劳而无功。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a plan fails / goes wrong / backfires / founders / falls through / comes to nothing◆a relationship / marriage fails / goes wrong / collapses / breaks down◆talks fail / collapse / break down / founder / fall through◆a project fails / collapses / founders / falls through◆a deal goes wrong / collapses / falls through◆to fail / backfire badly◆to completely fail / break down◆to go badly / completely wrong■ fail [intransitive, transitive](of a person or thing) to not be successful in achieving sth （人或事物）失败，未能（做到）◆They had tried and they had failed.他们努力过，也失败过。◆I failed in my attempt to persuade her.我未能说服她。◆I tried to cheer her up, but failed miserably.我尽量让她高兴起来，但丝毫不成功。◆She failed to get into art college.她未能进入艺术学院。OPP succeed ⇨ achieve , succeed ⇨ succeed see also failure ⇨ loser 2 ■ goˈ wrong idiom (goes, went, gone) (rather informal) (of a thing) to experience problems or difficulties; (of a person) to make a mistake （事情）出现问题，遇到困难；（人）犯错误，做错事◆The relationship started to go wrong when they moved abroad.移居国外后，他们的关系开始出问题了。◆What would you do if something went wrong?要是出问题的话，你会怎么做？◆He was badly injured when the joke went horribly wrong.玩笑开得过了火，他很受伤害。◆Where did we go wrong with those kids (= what mistakes did we make for them to behave so badly)?我们什么地方做错了，把这些孩子惯成这样？◆If you do what she tells you, you won't go far wrong.你要是照她说的去做，就不会出大差错。■ collapse / /kəˈlæps/ / [intransitive](of a thing or group of people) to fail suddenly and completely （事物或一群人）突然失败，崩溃◆Talks between management and unions have collapsed.资方与工会的谈判已告破裂。◆All opposition to the plan has collapsed.所有反对此计划的力量均已消除。◆The home side collapsed spectacularly in the second half.主队在下半场溃不成军。■ ˌbreak ˈdown phrasal verb (broke, broken)(of talks or a relationship) to fail after a period of time, especially because of a problem or difficulty （谈判或关系）破裂（尤指因问题或困难所致）◆The agreement broke down almost immediately.协定几乎立刻失效。◆Communication between the two sides has broken down.双方的沟通已经中断。◆They were divorced on the grounds that their marriage had broken down irretrievably.他们离婚是因为婚姻破裂，无可挽救。■ get ˈnowhere■ go ˈnowhereidiom (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten; goes, went, gone) (rather informal) (usually of a person) to make no progress or have no success; to allow sb to do this （通常指人）毫无进展；（让某人）一无所获◆We discussed it all morning but got nowhere.我们就此事讨论了一上午，但毫无进展。◆Do you ever get the feeling your job is going nowhere?你是否曾经觉得自己的工作一无所成？◆Talking to him will get you nowhere.和他谈话你会一无所获。OPP get somewhere ⓘ To be getting somewhere is to be making progress in what you are doing. * get somewhere表示有进展◆At last I feel we're getting somewhere.我终于觉得我们有了一些进展。 ■ backfire / /ˌbækˈfaɪə(r)/ / [intransitive](of a plan) to have the opposite effect to the one intended, with bad or dangerous results （计划）产生事与愿违的不良（或危险）后果◆Unfortunately the plan backfired.不幸的是，此计划产生了适得其反的结果。◆The surprise I had planned backfired on me.我本想制造惊喜，结果却弄巧成拙。■ founder [intransitive] (rather formal, written) (of a plan or attempt to do sth) to fail because of a particular problem or difficulty （计划或做某事的企图）失败，破产◆The peace talks foundered on a basic lack of trust.由于缺乏基本信任，和平谈判失败了。◆The project foundered after problems with the funding.该项目因资金问题搁浅了。■ ˌfall ˈthrough phrasal verb (fell, fallen)(of a plan) to not be completed, or not happen （计划）落空，失败，成为泡影◆The deal fell through when the author received a more attractive offer.作者接受了别家更优厚的条件后，这笔交易落空了。■ come to ˈnothing■ not ˈcome to anything idiom (came, come) (rather informal) (of a plan or attempt to do sth) to be unsuccessful; to have no successful result （计划或做某事的企图）失败；没有结果◆How sad that all his hard work should come to nothing.他的所有辛劳可能落得一场空，真让人难过。◆Her plans didn't come to anything.她的计划全落空了。 failure noun failure ♦︎ collapse ♦︎ breakdownThese are all words for a situation in which sth fails. 这些词均表示失败。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a failure / collapse / breakdown in sth◆a / an complete / total / general / apparent failure / collapse / breakdown◆(an) economic failure / collapse / breakdown◆to contribute to / lead to / result in / cause / avoid the failure / collapse / breakdown (of sth)◆to end in failure / the breakdown (of sth)■ failure [uncountable] a lack of success in doing or achieving sth 失败◆The success or failure of the plan depends on you.这一计划的成败取决于你。◆All my efforts ended in failure.我的一切努力最后都无济于事。◆There is a high failure rate with this treatment.这项治疗的失败率很高。OPP success ⇨ achieve see also failure ⇨ disaster ■ collapse / /kəˈlæps/ / [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a situation in which sth, such as an institution, a business or an attempt to do sth, fails suddenly （机构、生意或做某事的企图等的）突然失败，倒闭，崩溃◆The war has led to the collapse of agriculture in the area.战争导致该地区的农业崩溃。◆He charted the villagers' collapse into poverty.他记录了村民陷入贫困的过程。◆The peace talks were on the verge of collapse.和平谈判濒于破裂。■ breakdown / /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/ / [countable, uncountable] the failure of a relationship, discussion or system （关系的）破裂；（讨论或系统的）失败◆A growing proportion of children are affected by family breakdown.越来越多的孩子受到家庭破裂的影响。◆The breakdown of negotiations was not expected.谈判的失败出人预料。◆There seems to be a complete breakdown in law and order.治安似乎完全陷入瘫痪。 |