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brief adj.
⇨ short 1 (a brief visit) ⇨ short 3 (Please be brief.)brief verb
⇨ tell 1short1 adjective a short time/book/memory 短时间；一本篇幅短的书；记性差short people/legs 个子矮的人；短腿the short answer to your query 对你的询问的简略回答 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ quick 另见quick条short ♦︎ temporary ♦︎ brief ♦︎ short-lived ♦︎ fleeting ♦︎ momentary ♦︎ passingThese words all describe sth that lasts for a small amount of time. 这些词均表示短期的、短暂的、暂时的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a short / brief / fleeting / passing moment◆a short / temporary / brief stay◆a short / brief / fleeting visit◆a short / brief / momentary silence / pause◆a temporary / short-lived / momentary / passing interest◆a temporary / brief / short-lived success◆a brief / fleeting / momentary / passing glance / glimpse◆a brief / fleeting / momentary look / smile◆a brief / fleeting / passing reference◆very / relatively short / temporary / brief / short-lived◆only temporary / brief / fleeting / momentary■ short lasting or taking a small amount of time or less time than usual 时间短的；短期的；短暂的◆I'm going to France next week for a short break.下周我打算去法国度个短假。◆Which is the shortest day of the year?一年中哪一天最短？◆It's quite a short book (= that takes a short time to read).那是一本篇幅很短的书。◆She has a very short memory (= remembers only things that have happened recently).她记性很差。ⓘ Short is also used before a noun to describe a period of time that seems to have passed very quickly. * short也可用于名词前，形容时间似乎过得飞快◆Just two short years ago he was the best player in the country.不过短短两年前，他还是全国最优秀的选手呢。 OPP long ⇨ long adj. see also shorten ⇨ shrink ■ temporary lasting or intended to last for only a short time 短暂的；暂时的；临时的◆25 000 households are living in temporary accommodation.有25 000户人家住在临时住所里。◆The job's only temporary, while their secretary's on maternity leave.这份工作是临时性的，只是在他们的秘书休产假期间代班。◆More than half the employees are temporary.半数以上的职员是临时雇员。OPP permanent ⇨ permanent ▸ temporarily / /ˈtemprərəli; NAmE ˌtempəˈrerəli/ adverb ◆We regret that this service is temporarily unavailable.很抱歉我们暂时不能提供这项服务。 OPP permanently ⇨ permanent adj. ■ brief /briːf/ / (especially written) lasting for only a short time 短时间的；短暂的◆The prime minister is due to make a brief visit to South Korea.总理预定去韩国作短期访问。◆Sean gave a brief glance at the screen.肖恩朝屏幕瞥了一眼。◆There was a brief silence after I made my announcement.我发布完公告之后，出现了短暂的沉默。◆Mozart's life was brief.莫扎特英年早逝。 OPP long ⇨ long adj. ▸ briefly adverb ◆He had spoken to Emma only briefly.他和埃玛只是简短地说了几句话。NOTE 辨析 Short or brief? Short is used more often than brief in informal and spoken English. * short比brief更常用于非正式英语和口语中◆I'm going to France for a brief break. ◆The Dutch prime minister is making a short / brief visit.荷兰总理正在进行短暂访问。 Short, but not brief is used to describe books, lists, projects, etc. that take only a short time to read/deal with/complete. Brief is used more frequently than short to describe a look, glance, glimpse, smile or sigh. 当指涉的对象是书、清单、项目等，表示不需多花时间便能完成时，要用short而非brief；在形容look、glance、glimpse、smile或sigh时，更常用brief而非short。 ■ ˌshort-ˈlived (especially of sth good or pleasant) lasting for only a short time （尤指美好或愉快的事物）短暂的◆The benefits are likely to be short-lived.这些福利很可能是短暂的。◆It was a very short-lived government.这是一个十分短命的政府。◆The stars enjoyed an intense but short-lived romance.明星都喜欢谈轰轰烈烈但短暂的恋爱。OPP long-lasting ⇨ long adj. , lasting , enduring ⇨ permanent ■ fleeting [usually before noun] (written) (especially of sth good or pleasant) lasting for only a very short time （尤指美好或愉快的事物）短暂的，闪现的◆A fleeting smile touched his lips.他的嘴角闪过一丝微笑。◆Alone on deck, I experienced a fleeting moment of happiness.我独自待在甲板上，体验了短暂的幸福时刻。▸ fleetingly adverb ◆She smiled fleetingly.她脸上闪过一丝微笑。NOTE 辨析 Short-lived or fleeting?Both short-lived and fleeting are used especially to talk about good or pleasant things that last only a short time. Fleeting is a more literary word than short-lived and usually describes even shorter actions or experiences; although it describes pleasant things it can create a feeling of sadness because the thing lasts such a short time. * short-lived和fleeting都指美好或愉快的事物稍纵即逝。fleeting比short-lived更具文学色彩，通常形容更短暂的动作或经历。尽管fleeting所描述的是一些愉快的事，但会因持续不久而使人产生一丝感伤。■ momentary /ˈməʊməntri; NAmE ˈmoʊmənteri/ (especially written) lasting for only a very short time 短促的；短暂的；片刻的◆There was a momentary flicker of pain in his face.他的脸上闪过一丝痛苦的表情。◆The accident was the result of a momentary lapse of concentration.那起事故是因为一时走神造成的。ⓘ Momentary is used especially to describe moments of doubt or failure and collocates include doubt, hesitation, pause, silence, confusion, unease, panic, lapse and aberration. * momentary尤用于形容疑惑或失败的时刻，搭配词有doubt、hesitation、pause、silence、confusion、unease、panic、lapse和aberration。■ passing [only before noun] lasting for only a short time 短暂的；瞬间的◆My son is very jealous at the moment, but I think it's just a passing phase.目前我儿子很爱吃醋，不过我认为这只是阶段性的，不会持久。◆He makes only a passing reference to the theory in his book.他在书中对这个理论只是一笔带过。ⓘ Passing is used especially to describe periods of time, references to sth and periods of being interested in sth. Collocates include phase, fashion, fad, craze, interest, mention and reference. * passing尤用于表示短时间、简略提及和短暂的兴趣，搭配词有phase、fashion、fad、craze、interest、mention和reference。 short3 adjective a short time/book/memory 短时间；一本篇幅短的书；记性差short people/legs 个子矮的人；短腿the short answer to your query 对你的询问的简略回答 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ sharp 2 另见sharp条第2义short ♦︎ brief ♦︎ concise ♦︎ abbreviated ♦︎ succinct ♦︎ economical ♦︎ pithyThese words all describe sth that uses few words or letters, or fewer words than sth else. 这些词均表示简略的、缩写的、简洁的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a short / a brief / a concise / an abbreviated / a succinct account◆a short / a brief / a concise / an abbreviated version◆a short / brief / concise / succinct summary / answer / statement◆a brief / pithy comment◆a concise / a succinct / an economical / a pithy style◆very short / brief / concise / succinct / economical◆relatively short / brief / succinct■ short using few words; being a shorter form of a name or word 简短的；简略的；缩写的◆The short answer to your query is that he has acted completely illegally.对于你的询问，简略回答就是他的行为完全违法。◆Try to keep your sentences short.设法把你的句子写得简短些。◆I've only read the shorter version of the report.我只读了报告的缩略版。◆Call me Jo－it's short for Joanna.叫我乔好了－这是乔安娜的简称。◆file transfer protocol or FTP for short文件传输协议或简称FTP OPP long ⇨ long adj. see also shorten ⇨ shrink ■ brief using few words 简洁的；简短的◆The author makes only a brief mention of the role of Japan in this period.作者提到日本在这一时期的角色时只是简略带过。◆Please be brief (= say what you want to say quickly).请简明扼要。◆Now the rest of the news in brief.现在简要报道其他新闻。▸ briefly adverb ◆Briefly, the argument is as follows...简言之，论据如下⋯NOTE 辨析 Short or brief?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆a short / brief account / version / description / summary / statement / answer简短的叙述／版本／描写／总结／声明／回答 Brief is often used when you are talking about speech rather than writing. * brief常用来形容言语而非文字◆Please be short... However, although a mention is usually brief whether in speech or writing, an answer is more likely to be short, even if it is spoken. 然而，无论是口头提及还是文字写到，mention通常都用brief来形容。answer则更常用short来形容，即使指的是口头回答。 ■ concise / /kənˈsaɪs/ / (rather formal) giving only the information that is necessary and important, using few words 简明的；简练的；简洁的◆She gave us clear and concise instructions.她给我们做了言简意赅的说明。ⓘ Concise can also be used to describe a book that is shorter than the original book, on which it is based. In this meaning it is only used before a noun, not after a linking verb. * concise也可用来形容根据原著改写的缩略版。表达此义时它只用于名词前，不用于连系动词后◆This is just a concise dictionary－you should get yourself something bigger.这只是一本缩略版词典，你应该买一本更大部头的。 see also to the point ⇨ relevant ▸ concisely adverb ◆He spoke clearly and concisely.他讲话言简意赅。■ abbreviated / /əˈbriːvieɪtɪd/ / (of a word, phrase or name) shorter than usual because some letters have been left out, or only the first letters in each word are used （单词、短语或名称）缩略的，缩写的◆On the map, abbreviated forms such as USA and UK are consistently used.地图上经常使用像USA、UK这样的缩写形式。▸ abbreviate verb [transitive] ◆Et cetera is usually abbreviated to etc.et cetera常缩写成etc.。■ succinct / /səkˈsɪŋkt/ / (approving) (of a comment or piece of writing) expressed clearly and using few words （评论或文章）简明的，言简意赅的◆Keep your answers as succinct as possible.答案要尽可能简洁明了。OPP long-winded ⓘ Speech or writing that is long-winded continues for too long and is boring and may be hard to understand. * long-winded指讲话或文章冗长枯燥，可能让人难以理解。 ▸ succinctly adverb ◆You put that very succintly.你说得十分简明扼要。■ economical (rather formal) using no more words, space or energy than is necessary 节俭的；节约的；简洁的◆He uses an economical prose style.他采用简练的散文体。◆an economical use of land / space节约用地；节省空间▸ economically adverb ◆She writes elegantly and economically.她的文章典雅而简练。NOTE 辨析 Concise, succinct or economical? Concise and succinct are used more to talk about how facts are presented; economical is used more often to talk about sb's style of speaking or writing. Succinct suggests that you approve of the way sth is expressed because it is clear and wastes no words; concise is a more factual term, neither approving nor disapproving. * concise和succinct更多用来形容事实的呈现方式，economical更多用来形容某人说话或写作的风格。succinct含褒义，表示言简意赅，concise更注重客观叙述，是中性词。■ pithy / /ˈpɪθi/ / (approving) (of a comment or piece of writing) short but expressed well and full of meaning （评论或文章）言简意赅的，精炼的◆a pithy advertising slogan一句精炼的广告口号 tell1 verb tell sb the news 告诉某人消息Promise you won't tell. 你要保证不说出去。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ convey 另见convey条tell ♦︎ report ♦︎ inform ♦︎ notify ♦︎ brief ♦︎ alert sb to sth ♦︎ fill sb in ♦︎ enlightenThese words all mean to give information to sb by speaking or writing. 这些词均表示口头或书面告诉、告知。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to tell sb / report / inform sb / notify sb / brief sb that...◆to tell / inform / notify sb of sth◆to tell / inform / brief / enlighten sb about sth◆to report / brief sb / fill sb in / enlighten sb on sth◆to tell sb / report sth / inform sb / notify sb officially◆to tell sb / report sth / notify sb formally◆to tell sb / inform sb / notify sb in writing◆to tell / inform / brief sb personally◆to tell sb / report sth / inform sb / notify sb immediately◆to report sth / inform sb / brief sb regularly◆to be fully informed / briefed■ tell (told, told) [transitive](of a person) to give information to sb by speaking or writing; (of some writing, an instrument, a sign, etc.) to give information about sth （人口头或书面）告诉，告知；（文字、仪器、标记等）说明，显示◆Why wasn't I told about the accident?为什么没人把这次事故告诉我？◆Did she tell you her name?她告诉过你她的名字吗？◆Tell me where you live.告诉我你住在哪里。◆'I'm ready to go now,' he told her.“我现在可以走了。” 他对她说。◆The advertisement told us very little about the product.这则广告提供的产品信息很少。◆This gauge tells you how much fuel you have left.这个仪表显示还剩多少燃料。 see also tell ⇨ describe ■ report [intransitive, transitive] to give people information about sth that you have heard, seen, done, etc. 汇报；报告；通报◆The committee will report on its research next month.委员会将在下月对所做的研究进行汇报。◆The crash happened seconds after the pilot reported engine trouble.飞行员报告发动机故障后几秒钟飞机就坠毁了。◆The house was reported to be in excellent condition.据报这房子的状况极佳。 see also report ⇨ report noun 3 ■ inform [transitive] (rather formal) to tell sb about sth, often in a formal or official way （常正式地或以官方形式）通知，通报；知会◆Please inform us of any changes of address.地址如有变动请通知我们。◆The leaflet informs customers about healthy eating.传单告诉顾客健康饮食方面的讯息。◆Have the police been informed?通知警方了吗？◆I have been reliably informed (= sb I trust has told me) that the couple will marry next year.我得到可靠消息说他们俩明年结婚。 see also information ⇨ information , informative ⇨ informative ■ notify [transitive, often passive] (formal) to formally or officially tell sb about a fact or situation （正式地或以官方形式）通报，通知◆Competition winners will be notified by post.比赛获胜者将获信函通知。◆The police must be notified of the date of the demonstration.游行示威日期必须通报警方。NOTE 辨析 Inform or notify? Notify is often used for important facts that the authorities or public need to know. It is not used for more personal or general information. * notify常指通报官方或公众需要知道的重要事实，不指通报较私人或一般的信息◆I have been reliably notified that the couple will marry next year. ◆The leaflet notifies customers about healthy eating. ■ brief /briːf/ [transitive] (rather formal) to give sb information about sth so that they are prepared to deal with it 向（某人）介绍情况◆The officer briefed her on what to expect.那名官员向她告知可能遇到的情况。◆I expect to be kept fully briefed at all times.我希望随时向我报告所有情况。■ aˈlert sb to sth phrasal verb [often passive] (rather formal) to make sb aware of sth 使意识到；使认识到◆They had been alerted to the possibility of further price rises.他们已经意识到价格可能继续上涨。ⓘ You can be alerted to sth either because sb tells you or because sth happens to make you notice it. * be alerted to sth可指因某人告诉或因某事发生而注意到。■ ˌfill sb ˈin phrasal verb (rather informal) to tell sb about sth that has happened 告诉某人（发生了的事）◆Can you fill me in on what's been going on while I've been away?你能把我不在时发生的事告诉我吗？■ enlighten [transitive] (especially written or humorous) to give sb information so that they understand sth better 启发；开导；阐明◆She didn't enlighten him about her background.她没有向他道明自己的出身背景。 see also enlightening ⇨ informative , enlightenment ⇨ knowledge |