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conflict noun
⇨ conflict (a conflict of interests) ⇨ debate (the conflict over pay) ⇨ war (a bloody conflict)conflict verb
⇨ conflict conflict noun conflict ♦︎ contradiction ♦︎ clash ♦︎ collision ♦︎ oppositionThese are all words for a situation in which two things are very different from each other and cannot easily exist together. 这些词均表示抵触、矛盾、不一致。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in conflict / contradiction / opposition◆a conflict / clash / collision with sb / sth◆in contradiction / opposition to sb / sth◆conflict / a contradiction / a clash / a collision / an opposition between sb / sth◆(a / an) fundamental / apparent conflict / contradiction / opposition◆in direct conflict / contradiction / opposition◆to see / create a conflict / contradiction◆to avoid a conflict / clash / collision◆to resolve a conflict / contradiction / clash■ conflict [countable, uncountable] a situation in which there are opposing ideas, opinions, feelings or wishes 抵触；矛盾；不一致◆The story tells of a classic conflict between love and duty.这个故事讲的是爱情与责任之间典型的矛盾。◆There is often a conflict of interests between farmers and conservationists.农民和环保主义者之间经常存在利益冲突。◆Many of these ideas appear to be in conflict with each other.这些观念有许多看上去似乎相互矛盾。■ contradiction [countable, uncountable] a situation in which two facts or statements are so different from each other that they cannot both be accepted together as true 冲突；矛盾；对立◆A healthy suntan is a contradiction in terms.健康晒黑是一个自相矛盾的说法。◆His public speeches are in direct contradiction to his personal lifestyle.他的公开言论与他本人的生活方式恰恰相反。 see also contradictory ⇨ inconsistent ■ clash [countable] the effect of trying to combine two things that are very different from each other and cannot easily exist together 不相融；冲突；抵触◆Simply put, the conflict comes down to a clash of cultures.简言之，这个矛盾归根结底是文化冲突。◆Personality clashes led to the break-up of the band.性格不合导致这个乐队解散了。■ collision / /kəˈlɪʒn/ / [countable, uncountable] (written) a strong disagreement between two people or between opposing ideas or opinions; the meeting of two things that are very different （两人之间或对立看法、意见之间的）冲突，抵触；碰撞◆The problem comes from a collision between two opposing points of view.这个问题源于两种对立观点的冲突。◆In his work we see the collision of two different traditions.在他的作品中我们看到两种不同传统的碰撞。NOTE 辨析 Clash or collision?A collision is the meeting of two different things, a clash is the negative effect this meeting can have. The effects of a collision are sometimes good or interesting. * collision是两种不同事物的会合，clash是这种会合可能会有的负面效应。collision的效果有时是好的或有趣的◆Australian food is an exciting collision of native, Asian and European cuisines.澳大利亚食品是本土菜肴与亚洲和欧洲菜肴互相碰撞后得出的令人惊喜的融合。 ■ opposition [uncountable, countable] (formal) the state of being as different as possible; two things that are as different as possible 对立；对立的事物◆Many fairy stories are based on the opposition between good and evil.许多童话故事是以善与恶的对立为基础的。◆His poetry is full of oppositions and contrasts.他的诗歌充满了对立与反差。 debate noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ argument 1 另见argument条第1义debate ♦︎ conflict ♦︎ dispute ♦︎ controversy ♦︎ disagreement ♦︎ difference ♦︎ war ♦︎ dissent ♦︎ contentionThese are all words for an argument between people, groups or countries. 这些词均表示争论、纷争、冲突。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a debate / conflict / a dispute / controversy / disagreement / differences / a war / contention about / over / between sb / sth◆to be in debate / conflict / dispute with sb / sth◆(a) serious debate / conflict / dispute / controversy / disagreement / differences / dissent / contention◆(a) growing debate / conflict / controversy / differences / dissent◆(an) unresolved debate / conflict / dispute / differences◆a bitter debate / conflict / dispute / controversy / disagreement / war◆(an) internal debate / conflict / dispute / controversy / disagreement / differences / dissent◆open debate / conflict / disagreement / dissent◆(a) political debate / conflict / dispute / controversy / disagreement / differences / war / dissent / contention◆to cause debate / conflict / a dispute / controversy / dissent◆to lead to / avoid debate / conflict / controversy / a war◆to resolve a debate / a conflict / a dispute / a controversy / a disagreement / sb's differences◆a debate / conflict / dispute / controversy / disagreement / difference arises◆a conflict / dispute / controversy / war breaks out◆a debate / conflict / dispute / controversy continues■ debate [countable, uncountable] (usually approving) an argument or discussion expressing different opinions, especially when this is seen as a good or necessary thing （尤指有益的或必要的）争论，辩论，讨论◆This accident has sparked off an intense debate.这起事故引发了激烈的争论。◆the current debate about tax目前关于税收的讨论◆There has been much debate on the issue of childcare.人们对儿童照管问题议论纷纷。◆Whether he deserved what happened to him is open to debate / a matter for debate (= cannot be certain or decided yet).他是否罪有应得还有待讨论。■ conflict [countable, uncountable] (rather formal, usually disapproving) a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument 冲突；争执◆The violence was the result of political and ethnic conflicts.那次暴力事件是由政治与种族冲突所引起的。◆John often comes into conflict with his boss.约翰经常跟老板发生争执。■ dispute [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) an argument or disagreement between two people, groups or countries; discussion about a subject where there is disagreement 争端；纠纷；争辩◆His job is to settle pay disputes.他的工作是处理工资纠纷。◆The cause of the accident was still in dispute (= being argued about).事故的原因仍有争议。◆The matter was settled beyond dispute by the court judgment (= it could no longer be argued about).事情已由法庭判决，不容争辩。◆His theories are open to dispute (= can be disagreed with).他的理论值得商榷。 see also dispute ⇨ disagree verb NOTE 辨析 Conflict or dispute?A conflict is generally more serious than a dispute. A dispute is often about a particular issue, such as who owns sth, or how much money sb should earn. A conflict often lasts a long time, and may be connected with wider issues such as power and religion. 一般说来，conflict比dispute严重。dispute常涉及具体问题，比如某物归谁所有或某人应获多少工资等。conflict常会持续很久，而且可能涉及更广泛的问题，如权力和宗教。■ controversy / /ˈkɒntrəvɜːsi, BrE also kənˈtrɒvəsi; NAmE ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrsi/ [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) public discussion and argument about sth that many people strongly disagree about, disapprove of, or are shocked by （公开的）争议，辩论，论战◆The President resigned amid continuing controversy.总统在持续不断的争议声中辞职了。◆A fierce controversy has broken out over the issue.关于这个问题爆发了一场激烈的论战。 see also controversial ⇨ controversial ■ disagreement [uncountable, countable] a situation in which people disagree about sth and often argue 意见不一；分歧；争论◆Disagreement arose about exactly how to plan the show.在究竟该如何具体地拟定演出计划的问题上出现了分歧。◆They have had several disagreements with their neighbours.他们跟邻居争吵过几次。OPP agreement ⇨ agreement 2 see also disagree ⇨ disagree verb ■ difference [countable] (rather formal) a disagreement between people 意见分歧；不和◆We have our differences, but she's still my sister.我们虽然有分歧，但她仍然是我妹妹。◆There was a difference of opinion over who had won.到底谁胜谁负，意见不一。 see also differ ⇨ disagree verb ⓘ Difference is used especially when people try to avoid getting angry or having a noisy argument, but still continue to disagree. It is also used when sb wants to suggest that there was no noisy argument, even if there was: There was a difference of opinion... can be a polite way of saying 'There was an argument/a fight...'. * difference尤用于设法避免动气或争吵但仍坚持不同意见的场合；该词还用于暗示没有发生争吵，即使真的发生了。There was a difference of opinion ...（存在着意见分歧）可用作There was an argument/a fight ...（发生了争吵）的委婉说法。■ war [countable, uncountable] (used in compounds 用于复合词) a situation in which there is aggressive competition between groups, companies or countries （群体、公司或国家之间的）竞争，斗争，对抗◆The US threatened a trade war with Europe after the breakdown of the talks.会谈破裂后，美国威胁说要与欧洲展开贸易战。◆The country seemed at times to be close to class war.有时候这个国家的阶级冲突似乎一触即发。■ dissent /dɪˈsent/ / [uncountable] (formal) the fact of having or expressing opinions that are different from those that are officially accepted （有别于官方说法的）不同意见，异议◆The authorities continue their suppression of political dissent.当局继续压制不同政见。OPP assent ⇨ approval ■ contention / /kənˈtenʃn/ / [uncountable] (formal) angry or bad-tempered disagreement between people 争吵；争执；争论◆One area of contention is the availability of nursery places.争论的一个方面是幼儿园入园名额的问题。ⓘ A bone/point of contention is a subject that causes arguments or disagreement between people. * bone/point of contention指引起争论或争议的问题◆Privatization of the health service remains a point of contention.公共医疗服务私有化的问题仍然备受争议。 war noun war ♦︎ battle ♦︎ action ♦︎ conflict ♦︎ fighting ♦︎ combat ♦︎ warfare ♦︎ campaign ♦︎ hostilities ♦︎ skirmishThese are all words for a situation in which two or more countries or groups of people fight against each other. 这些词均表示战争、战斗。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a war / a battle / action / a conflict / fighting / combat / warfare / a campaign / hostilities / a skirmish with / against / between sb / sth◆in war / battle / action / conflict / fighting / combat / warfare / hostilities◆in a war / battle / conflict / campaign / skirmish◆(a) civil / nuclear war / conflict / warfare◆(a) fierce / bloody action / conflict / fighting / combat / warfare◆(a) decisive war / battle / action / conflict / campaign◆(a) military battle / action / conflict / combat / campaign◆to win / lose a war / battle / conflict / campaign / skirmish◆to fight a war / battle / campaign◆a war / a battle / action / a conflict / fighting / combat / a campaign / a skirmish takes place◆war / conflict / fighting / hostilities breaks out / break out◆a war / a battle / action / a conflict / fighting / combat / a campaign / hostilities begins / begin◆a war / a battle / a conflict / fighting / combat / a campaign / hostilities ends / end◆a war / a battle / action / a conflict / fighting / combat / warfare / a campaign continues◆a war / a battle / a conflict / fighting / combat / warfare / a campaign goes on◆the outbreak of war / conflict / fighting / combat / hostilities■ war [uncountable, countable] a situation in which two or more countries or groups of people fight against each other over a period of time 战争；战争状态◆The two countries were at war for eight years.两国之间的战争打了八年。◆The USA declared war on Germany in 1917.美国于1917年向德国宣战。◆The terrorists were charged with waging war against the state.恐怖分子被指控向那个国家发动战争。◆My grandfather fought in two world wars.我的祖父参加了两次世界大战。◆The country went to war in 1914.该国1914年卷入战争。OPP peace ⇨ peace ■ battle [countable, uncountable] a time when two or more armies meet and fight, especially during a war; a violent fight between two groups of people 战役；战斗；搏斗◆Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.拿破仑在滑铁卢战役中战败。◆His father had been killed in battle.他的父亲已经阵亡。◆Many young men were sent into battle without proper training.许多年轻人没有受到应有的训练就被送上了战场。◆Scores of people have been hurt in running battles with police.很多人在与警察的持久战中受了伤。■ action [uncountable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) fighting in a battle or war 战斗；作战◆He was killed during enemy action.他在一次敌军行动中阵亡。◆He was reported missing in action.据报告他在战斗中失踪。◆I never saw action during the war.战争时期，我从未参加过战斗。■ conflict [countable, uncountable] a violent situation or period of fighting between two countries （两国之间的）军事冲突，战斗◆Peace talks have failed to end the 6-year-old conflict.和平谈判未能终止六年的军事冲突。◆Conflict between the two groups has left more than 8 000 dead.两派间的冲突已导致超过8 000人死亡。■ fighting [uncountable] the violent activity that takes place when two or more countries or groups of people fight against each other 军事冲突；战斗◆Heavy fighting broke out in the east of the country.该国东部爆发了激烈的军事冲突。◆There were outbreaks of street fighting in three districts of the city last night.昨夜这个城市有三个区发生了巷战。 see also fight ⇨ fight verb 1 ■ combat /ˈkɒmbæt; NAmE ˈkɑːmbæt/ [uncountable] fighting, especially during a time of war 搏斗；打仗；战斗◆The soldiers are in combat with rebel forces.士兵与叛乱武装对抗。◆The troops were locked in hand-to-hand combat.部队陷入了肉搏战。■ warfare /ˈwɔːfeə(r); NAmE ˈwɔːrfer/ [uncountable] the activity of fighting a war, especially using particular weapons or methods （尤指用某种武器或方式的）战，作战，战争◆He denied his country has developed the capability for chemical warfare.他否认他的国家已经有能力打化学战。◆The fighting quickly turned into full-scale guerrilla warfare.这场战斗很快演变成一场全面的游击战争。■ campaign [countable] a series of attacks or battles that are intended to achieve a particular military aim during a war 战役◆The Russian campaign ended with the German defeat at Stalingrad.俄罗斯战役以德国在斯大林格勒战败宣告结束。◆The terrorists responded with a bombing campaign directed at business and commerce.恐怖分子的反应是针对企业和商业发动爆炸袭击。■ hostilities /hɒˈstɪlətiz; NAmE hɑːˈstɪlətiz/ [plural] (rather formal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) acts of fighting in a war 战争行为◆Hostilities between the two countries ended in a ceasefire.两国最终达成停火协议，结束了敌对行动。ⓘ Hostilities is used especially to talk about when fighting begins, ends, stops for a short time or starts again. Collocating verbs include begin, break out, cease, end, suspend and resume. Phrases include the outbreak/cessation/suspension/resumption of hostilities. 表示战争的开始、结束、暂时中断或重新爆发时尤用hostilities，与之搭配的动词有begin、break out、cease、end、suspend和resume，构成的短语有the outbreak/cessation/suspension/resumption of hostilities（战争的爆发／停止／暂停／再次爆发）。■ skirmish /ˈskɜːmɪʃ; NAmE ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/ [countable] a short fight between small groups of soldiers, etc., especially one that is not planned （尤指突发的）小规模战斗，小冲突◆Minor skirmishes broke out all along the border.边界多处爆发了小规模战斗。 see also skirmish ⇨ fight verb 1 conflict verb conflict ♦︎ contrast ♦︎ contradict ♦︎ be at odds ♦︎ clash ♦︎ go against sthThese are all words and expressions that can be used when two very different ideas, feelings or personalities come together. 这些词语均表示想法、感觉或性格产生冲突、相抵触、相互矛盾。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to conflict / contrast / be at odds / clash with sth◆to be at odds / clash over sth◆stories / versions conflict / contradict each other / are at odds◆conflicting / contrasting opinions / personalities / emotions■ conflict / /kənˈflɪkt/ / [intransitive](of two ideas, beliefs, stories, feelings or personalities) to be so different from each other that they cannot easily exist together or both be true （两种想法、信仰、说法、感觉或性格）冲突，抵触◆These results conflict with earlier findings.这些结果与之前的发现相矛盾。◆Reports conflicted on how much of the aid was reaching the famine victims.究竟有多少援助到了饥民手里，相关报告彼此矛盾。◆He was torn between conflicting loyalties to family and work.忠于家庭还是忠于工作，两者相互矛盾，他左右为难。■ contrast /kənˈtrɑːst; NAmE kənˈtræst/ [intransitive](of two things) to show a clear difference when close together or when compared （两个事物并列或作比较时）显出明显差异，形成对照◆Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.她的行动与她的承诺相差甚远。◆Her actions and her promises contrasted sharply.她的行动与她的承诺相差甚远。 see also contrast ⇨ difference , contrast ⇨ opposite noun , contrasting ⇨ different ■ contradict /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt; NAmE ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkt/ [transitive](of statements or pieces of evidence) to be so different from each other that they cannot both be true （陈述或证据）相抵触，相矛盾，相反◆The two stories contradict each other.这两种说法相互抵触。◆This version of events was contradicted by eyewitness reports.对事件的这种说法和目击者的报告相矛盾。 see also contradictory ⇨ inconsistent ■ be at ˈodds idiom to be very different from sth, when it should be the same 有差异；相矛盾◆Her story was at odds with the police report.她的叙述与警方报告相矛盾。 see also at odds ⇨ inconsistent ■ clash [intransitive] (rather informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) (of two ideas, beliefs or personalities) to be so different from each other that they cannot easily exist together and often cause arguments （两种想法、信仰或性格）不相容，抵触（且常引起争论）◆He clashed with his father over politics.他和父亲政见分歧很大。◆His views and his father's clashed.他与父亲意见相左。NOTE 辨析 Conflict or clash? Conflict has a wider range and is often used to talk about stories, beliefs and emotions that are very different from each other. Clash is more often used to talk about the angry disagreement caused by people having very different opinions. People or their opinions can clash but people cannot conflict. * conflict的使用范围更广，常指说法、信仰和情感彼此差异甚大。clash多指人们意见严重不合而起愤怒的争执。clash的主语可以是人或观点，但是conflict的主语不能是人◆He conflicted with his father over politics. ■ ˌgo aˈgainst sth phrasal verb (of an idea, belief or action) to not fit or agree with another idea or belief （想法、信仰或行动）与⋯相违背◆Paying for hospital treatment goes against her principles.拿钱到医院治病有违她的原则。◆His thinking goes against all logic.他的想法完全不合情理。 |