constitute verb ⇨consist of sb/sth (constitute the majority of the labour force)⇨represent1 (constitute a criminal offence)
consist of sb/sth
phrasal verb
consist of sb/sth ♦︎ comprise ♦︎ make up sth ♦︎ constitute ♦︎ be composed of sb/sth ♦︎ haveThese words all mean to be formed from the things or people mentioned, or to be the parts that form sth.这些词均表示由⋯组成或是⋯的组成部分。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆The group consists of / comprises / is made up of / is composed of / has ten people.◆Ten people make up / constitute / comprise the group.■conˈsist of sb/sth
phrasal verb
[no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be formed from the things, people or activities mentioned由⋯组成（或构成）◆Their diet consists largely of vegetables.他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。◆Most of the fieldwork consisted of making tape recordings.现场工作多半是进行磁带录音。■comprise / /kəmˈpraɪz/ / [transitive, no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherformal) to be formed from the things or people mentioned包括；包含；由⋯组成◆The collection comprises 327 paintings.那一组收藏共有327幅画。ⓘ Comprise can also be used to refer to the parts or members of sth. * comprise还可指是某事物的组成部分◆Older people comprise a large proportion of those living in poverty.在那些生活贫困的人中，老年人占很大的比例。However, this use is less frequent.但这种用法比较少见。■ˌmake ˈup sth
phrasal verb
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherinformal) to be the parts or people that form sth形成；构成◆Women make up 56% of the student numbers.女生占学生人数的56%。◆She wore a necklace made up of hundreds of glass beads.她戴了一条由几百颗玻璃珠串成的项链。 see also make-up ⇨ structure■constitute /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt; NAmEˈkɑːnstətuːt/ [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be the parts or people that form sth形成；构成◆People under the age of 40 constitute the majority of the labour force.40岁以下的人占劳动力的多数。■be comˈposed of sb/sth
phrasal verb
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherformal) to be formed from the things or people mentioned包括；包含；由⋯组成◆Our inspection teams are composed of the most qualified and experienced experts available.我们的检查组由现有的最有资格、经验最丰富的专家组成。◆Around 15% of our diet is composed of protein.我们的日常饮食大约15%是蛋白质。 see also composition ⇨ structure■have ( have got) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be formed from the people or things mentioned包括；包含；由⋯组成◆In 2006 the party had 10 000 members.这个党在2006年时有1万名党员。NOTE辨析 Which word?Consist of sb/sth is the most general of these words and the only one that can be used for activities with the -ing form of a verb. * consist of sb/sth在这些词中含义最广，也是唯一可后接动词-ing形式、表示包含⋯活动的词◆My life at that time just consisted of feeding the baby and washing nappies.那时我的生活就只是喂孩子和洗尿布。The other main difference is between those verbs that take the whole as the subject and the parts as the object另一个主要区别是有的动词将整体作主语，将部分作宾语◆The group consists of / comprises / is made up of / is composed of / has ten people.小组由十个人组成。and those that take the parts as the subject and the whole as the object.有的动词将部分作主语，将整体作宾语◆Ten people make up / constitute / comprise the group.小组由十个人组成。It is not correct to use 'comprises of' or 'is composed by/from'. * comprise of和be composed by/from是不正确的用法。
represent1
verb
represent a major breakthrough in AIDS research是艾滋病研究的重大突破represent sb's views/good qualities/the idea of peace代表某人的看法／优良品质／和平理念represent ♦︎ constitute ♦︎ pose ♦︎ amount to sth ♦︎ come down to sth ♦︎ add up to sthThese words all mean to be considered to be sth or to result in sth.这些词均表示相当于、意味着、导致。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to represent / constitute / pose / amount to a challenge / threat◆to represent / constitute / pose a problem / danger / risk◆to represent / constitute / amount to a / an failure / increase / breach◆to represent / constitute an achievement / improvement◆a / an result / activity / action represents / constitutes sth◆It all amounts to / comes down to / adds up to sth.■represent
linking verb
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherformal, written) to be sth; to be the result of sth相当于；意味着；是⋯的结果◆This contract represents 20% of the company's annual revenue.这份合同相当于公司20%的年收入。◆These results represent a major breakthrough in AIDS research.这些结果是艾滋病研究的重大突破。◆The peace plan represents(= is the result of) weeks of negotiation.这个和平计划是数周谈判的成果。■constitute /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt; NAmEˈkɑːnstətuːt/
linking verb
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (formal) to be sth; to be considered to be sth相当于；意味着；被算作◆Does such an activity constitute a criminal offence?这样的活动也算刑事犯罪吗？◆The increase in racial tension constitutes a threat to our society.种族间紧张状态的升级是对我们社会的一种威胁。NOTE辨析 Represent or constitute?Represent is used especially with words relating to change. * represent尤与变化有关的词连用◆This represents a change / a break / a shift / a departure / a turning point / an improvement / an increase / a reduction / a decline.这是一个变化／一个中断／一个转变／一种背离／一个转折点／一种进步；这表示增加／减少／下降。Constitute is used more to talk about dangerous or negative situations or acts. * constitute尤用于谈论危险或负面的情况或行为◆This constitutes a threat / danger / crime / breach / nuisance / weakness / refusal.这构成了威胁／危险／犯罪／违反／妨害；这被视为一种缺点／拒绝。■pose [transitive] to be or create a problem or threat that has to be dealt with造成，引起，产生（问题或威胁）◆The task poses no special problems.这项任务不会造成特别的问题。◆Pollutants in the river pose a real risk to the fish.河里的污染物对鱼类构成了真正威胁。■aˈmount to sth
phrasal verb
[no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherformal) to be equal to or the same as sth等于；相当于◆Her answer amounted to a complete refusal.她的答复等于一口拒绝。◆Their actions amount to a breach of contract.他们的行为已属违反合同。◆We were jailed for a week－well, confined to quarters, but it amounted to the same thing.我们坐了一个星期的牢，哦，是被关了禁闭，不过反正都是一回事。ⓘ Amount to sth is often used in relation to offences in law. * amount to sth常用于与违法有关的语境◆This amounts to dismissal / contempt of court / abuse / discrimination / obstruction / assault.这等同于解雇／藐视法庭／虐待／歧视／阻碍／袭击。■ˌcome ˈdown to sth
phrasal verb
(came, come) [no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherinformal) to be able to be explained by a single important point可归结为；可归纳为◆What it comes down to is, either I get more money or I leave.归结起来就是：不给我加薪，我就辞职。■ˌadd ˈup to sth
phrasal verb
[no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to lead to a particular result; to show sth结果是；表示◆These clues don't really add up to very much(= give us very little information).这些线索实际上说明不了什么问题。