race noun ⇨race (a 10-mile race)⇨competition2 (the race for the presidency)⇨culture (a warlike race)⇨people2 (people of different races)race verb ⇨run1
race
noun
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ competition1另见competition条第1义race ♦︎ event ♦︎ championship ♦︎ tournament ♦︎ cup ♦︎ series ♦︎ circuitThese are all words for sports competitions between teams or players.这些词均表示体育比赛。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a major race / event / championship / tournament◆an / the international race / event / championship / tournament◆the world championship / cup / series◆to hold / organize a race / an event / a championship / a tournament◆to compete in a race / in an event / in a championship / in a tournament / in a cup / on the circuit◆to enter a race / an event / a tournament◆to play in an event / in a tournament / in a cup / in a series / on the circuit◆to win a race / an event / a championship / a tournament / a cup / a series◆to be out of a race / championship / tournament / cup■race [countable] a competition between people, animals or vehicles to see which one is the fastest赛跑；速度竞赛◆I bet I'd win a race between the two of us!我打赌咱俩赛跑我一定赢！◆He's already in training for the big race against Bailey.为了和贝利一决雌雄，他已经开始训练了。◆It's a desperately close race, but I think Martinez is just ahead.这是一场势均力敌的比赛，但我觉得眼下马丁内斯领先。◆Shall we have a race to the end of the beach?咱们比赛跑到海滩那一头，好吗？◆Their horse came third in the race last year.他们的马在去年的比赛中获得了第三名。ⓘ The races [plural] is used to refer to a series of horse races that happen at one place on a particular day. * the races指赛马会◆He loves going to the races.他喜欢看赛马。◆We had a great day at the races.我们那天参加赛马会，玩得很开心。▸race
verb
[intransitive, transitive] ◆Who will he be racing against in the next round?下一轮他与谁对阵？◆We raced each other back to the car.我们争先恐后地跑回汽车那儿。■event [countable] one of the races or competitions in a sports programme; a sports competition that takes place in one place over a short period of time, for example the Olympic Games（体育运动的）比赛项目；体育赛事（如奥运会等）◆The raft race was one of the final events of the River Festival.木筏比赛是河节最后的活动之一。◆We're expecting to get medals in both track and field events.我们期待在田赛和径赛项目中都能得到奖牌。◆Is the city ready to stage such a major sporting event?举办如此重大的体育赛事，这座城市准备好了吗？■championship / /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/ / [countable] ( championships [plural]) a competition to find the best player or team in a particular sport锦标赛◆the World Sports Car Championship世界跑车锦标赛◆He won a silver medal at the European Championships.他获得了欧洲锦标赛的银牌。 see also champion ⇨ winner■tournament /ˈtʊənəmənt, ˈtɔːnəmənt, ˈtɜːnəmənt; NAmEˈtʊrnəmənt, ˈtɜːrnəmənt/ [countable] a competition to find the best player or team in a particular sport, in which teams or players compete in a series of games and must leave the competition if they lose. The competition continues until there is only one winner left.锦标赛；联赛◆She starts out as favourite to win the opening table tennis tournament of the season.她一开始最有希望赢得本赛季乒乓球锦标赛的首场比赛。◆The loser will be out of the tournament.输掉的将被淘汰出局。■cup ( Cup) [countable, usually singular] a sports competition in which a cup is given as a prize; used especially in the names of competitions优胜杯赛；（尤用于比赛名称）⋯杯◆They lost to Portugal in the World Cup quarter finals.在世界杯四分之一决赛中，他们输给了葡萄牙。◆We were leading 1-0 in the cup final.我们在优胜杯决赛中1:0领先。■series [countable] a set of sports games played between the same two teams（两队之间的）系列比赛◆The Boston Red Sox have won baseball's World Series for the first time in 86 years.86年来，波士顿红袜队在棒球世界系列赛中首次获胜。◆So far England are 2-0 up in the Test series against India.到目前为止，英格兰队在板球系列赛中以2:0领先印度队。■circuit /ˈsɜːkɪt; NAmEˈsɜːrkɪt/ [countable, usually singular] a series of sports games or competitions in which the same group of players regularly take part巡回赛◆This is her biggest triumph in nine years on the women's tennis circuit.这是她九年来在女子网球巡回赛中获得的最大胜利。
competition2
noun
a drawing/dancing competition绘画／舞蹈比赛competition between businesses商业竞争enemyShe's gone to work for the competition.competition ♦︎ race ♦︎ contest ♦︎ rivalry ♦︎ competitivenessThese are all words for a situation in which people or organizations compete with each other for sth that not everyone can have.这些词均表示竞争、角逐、较量。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆competition / a race / a contest / rivalry for sth◆competition / a race / a contest / rivalry / competitiveness between people◆in competition / a race / a contest / rivalry with sb / sth◆competition / a race to do sth◆(a) fierce competition / contest / rivalry / competitiveness◆(an) open competition / race / contest◆international competition / rivalry / competitiveness◆to enter / win / lose the race / contest■competition [uncountable] a situation in which people or organizations compete with each other for sth that not everyone can have竞争；角逐◆There is now intense competition between schools to attract students.现在学校之间为了招录新生而展开激烈的竞争。◆We are in competition with four other companies.我们在和其他四家公司竞争。◆We face strong competition from other countries.我们面临来自其他国家的激烈竞争。◆They won the order against fierce international competition.在激烈的国际竞争下，他们赢得了这份订单。◆The company is having to lay off workers in the face of stiff competition.面对激烈的竞争，这家公司不得不裁员。 see also competitor ⇨ participant■race [singular] (especially journalism尤用于新闻) a competition between a number of people, groups or organizations, especially for political power, economic advantage or to achieve sth first（尤指为获得政权、经济优势或率先达成目标的）竞争，角逐◆Polls give him the edge over his Democratic rival in the race for the presidency.他和民主党的竞争对手角逐总统，民意调查显示他略占优势。◆Two right-wing candidates lead the presidential race.两名右翼候选人在总统竞选中领先。◆The rival TV companies are in a race to bring out the first film drama of her life.几家相互竞争的电视公司抢着推出关于她生平的首部影视剧作品。◆The race is on(= has begun) to find a cure for this disease.人们开始争相寻找这种疾病的疗法。■contest [countable] (especially journalism尤用于新闻) a competition between candidates for political power or between businesses for economic advantage（对政治权力或商业优势的）争夺，竞争◆During the election contest newspapers are not allowed to publish opinion polls.在选举期间，报纸不允许发表民意调查。◆The other bidders for the contract complained that it had not been a fair contest.其他合同投标人抱怨这不是公平竞争。NOTE辨析 Race or contest?Both these words are used about political elections and in many cases you can use either word. However, contest usually refers to the election itself and sometimes the two or three weeks of campaigning just before it; race covers the whole period of campaigning for an election which can last months, especially in the case of US presidential elections. You can say that sb wins/loses a race/contest and that sb leads/is ahead in the race for sth but not usually that sb 'leads/is ahead in the contest for sth'. Race, but notcontest can also be used to talk about the drive to achieve sth, especially before anyone else has achieved it.这两个词均可用于政治选举，在许多情况下可以通用。不过，contest通常指选举本身，有时也指选举前两三周的竞选活动。race包括整个竞选期间，可以持续几个月，尤其是美国的总统选举。可以说某人win/lose a race/contest（在竞争中获胜／落败），以及lead/be ahead in the race for sth（在⋯的角逐中领先），但通常不说lead/be ahead in the contest for sth。race，而非contest，还可指为达到某一目的而进行的努力，尤其是赶在在其他人之前。■rivalry / /ˈraɪvlri/ / [countable, uncountable] a situation in which two people, teams, groups or companies, are competing for the same thing竞争；竞赛；较量◆Bitter ethnic rivalries within the region have grown.激烈的族群冲突在这一地区滋长。◆There is a certain amount of friendly rivalry between the teams.两队间有某种程度上的友好较量。◆Her parents had been very aware of the problems of sibling rivalry(= between brothers and sisters) before the younger child was born.在较小的孩子出生前她的父母就已经清楚地意识到手足相争的问题。NOTE辨析 Competition or rivalry?In this meaning competition is used most often in the context of business; rivalry is used more in the contexts of politics, sport and personal relationships.表达此义时，competition最常指商业竞争，而rivalry则多指政治、体育和人际关系上的竞争。■competitiveness / /kəmˈpetətɪvnəs/ / [singular, uncountable] the feeling of being in competition with sb/sth for sb/sth; how well sb/sth competes竞争意识；竞争力◆Jenny brings a fierce competitiveness to the team.珍妮将强烈的竞争意识带入团队。◆The move is an attempt to improve the competitiveness of British industry.此举试图提升英国工业的竞争力。▸competitive
adjective
◆It's a fiercely competitive market.这是一个竞争激烈的市场。
culture
noun
culture ♦︎ society ♦︎ community ♦︎ world ♦︎ civilization ♦︎ raceThese are all words for groups of people who share the same customs, beliefs and way of life.这些词均表示人类群体。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(the) Western culture / society / world / civilization◆(the) Arab / Islamic culture / society / community / world◆European / American / African, etc. culture / society / civilization◆an / the English-speaking culture / community / world◆(a / an / the) ancient / modern / contemporary culture / society / world / civilization◆(an) industrial culture / society / community / civilization◆a primitive culture / society / community / race◆(a) traditional / mainstream culture / society / community◆a / the secular culture / society / world◆to create a culture / society / civilization■culture [uncountable, countable] the customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization of a particular country or group; a country or group with its own customs, beliefs, etc.文化，文明（指特定国家或群体的风俗、信仰、艺术、生活方式及社会组织，或拥有特定习俗、信仰等的国家、群体）◆These ideas have always been central to Western culture.这些观念一直是西方文明的核心。◆As young people started to have more money, a significant youth culture developed.当年轻人开始更有钱时，一种重要的青年文化形成了。◆The children are taught to respect different cultures.孩子们受到教育要尊重不同的文化。■society [countable, uncountable] a country or group of people who share the same customs and laws社会（遵守相同习俗和法律的国家或群体）◆Can Britain ever be a classless society?英国能否有朝一日成为无阶级的社会？◆Singapore has a delicately balanced multicultural society.新加坡是一个多元文化达到微妙平衡的社会。◆They were discussing the problems of Western society.他们在讨论西方社会的问题。■community [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who share the same race, religion, job or interests, especially when they live in the same place团体；社团；界；（尤指）社区◆Representatives of the city's Asian community had a meeting with the mayor.该市的亚裔团体代表和市长进行了会谈。◆He grew up in a close-knit fishing community.他生长在一个紧密团结的渔业社区。■world [countable, usually singular] a particular part of the earth; a particular group of countries or people; a particular period of history and the people of that period某地域（或民族、历史时期）的人类社会；世界◆Heads of state from all over the Arab world gathered for the conference.所有阿拉伯世界的国家首脑为了这次会议聚在一起。◆The motto was inscribed on buildings throughout the Roman world.那句箴言雕刻在罗马世界各地的建筑上。■civilization (BrE alsocivilisation) /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; NAmEˌsɪvəlaləˈzeɪʃn/ [uncountable, countable] a society and its culture during a particular period of time or in a particular part of the world（特定时期或地区的）社会文明◆These diseases are common in Western civilization.这些疾病在西方社会很常见。◆The Minoan civilization of Crete used two forms of script.克里特岛的米诺斯文明使用两种形式的文字。ⓘ Civilization is used especially to describe a society which is considered to have a highly developed social structure, art and beliefs. Ancient civilizations include the Greeks, the Romans, the Egyptians, the Chinese and the Sumerians. * civilization尤用于描述被认为具有高度发达的社会结构、艺术和信仰的社会。ancient civilization（古代文明）包括希腊、罗马、埃及、中国和苏美尔文明。■race [countable] a group of people who share the same language, history and culture民族◆Evidence suggests they were a race of nomadic hunters.证据显示他们属于游猎民族。◆He admired Canadians as a hardy and determined race.他敬佩加拿大人，因为他们是吃苦耐劳、意志坚定的民族。 see also race ⇨ people2
people2
noun
young/working-class/disabled people年轻人；劳动大众；残疾人tribal peoples各部落people ♦︎ race ♦︎ nationality ♦︎ tribe ♦︎ clan ♦︎ ethnic groupThese are all words for a group of people from the same place, or belonging to the same nation, race or culture.这些词均表示人民、国民或种族、民族。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a race / tribe / clan of sth◆from a race / a tribe / a clan / an ethnic group◆between peoples / races / nationalities / tribes / clans / ethnic groups◆among peoples / races / ethnic groups◆different / other peoples / races / nationalities / tribes / clans / ethnic groups◆a minority people / nationality / tribe / ethnic group◆a local people / tribe / clan / ethnic group◆to belong to a race / a nationality / a tribe / a clan / an ethnic group■people [countable] all the men, women and children who live in a particular place or belong to a particular nation, race or culture（统称）人民，国民；种族；民族◆The organization campaigns for the rights of tribal peoples.该组织为各部落应得的权利而战。◆The book contains translations of folk poetry of the Slav peoples.本书是斯拉夫民族民间诗歌的译本。◆We should strive for peace among the peoples of the world.我们应该为世界各族人民的和平而努力。■race [countable, uncountable] one of the main groups that humans can be divided into according to their physical differences, for example the colour of their skin人种；种族◆This custom is found in people of all races throughout the world.这种习俗全世界各种族都有。◆Black and mixed race(= with parents of different races) employees complained of harassment.黑人和混合种族的雇员抱怨说受到侵扰。◆There is legislation against discrimination on the grounds of race or sex.立法禁止种族和性别歧视。◆Immigration and race relations were key political issues at the time.移民和种族关系是当时的主要政治问题。 see also race ⇨ culture, the human race ⇨ man2, racial ⇨ cultural, racism ⇨ racism■nationality / /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/ / [countable] a group of people with the same language, culture and history, who form part of a political nation（构成国家一部分的）民族◆The city is home to more than a hundred nationalities.这个城市居住着一百多个民族。■tribe [countable] (sometimesoffensive) (in developing countries or in the past) a group of people of the same race, and with the same language, customs and religion, living in a particular area and often led by a chief（发展中国家或旧时的）部落◆She went to live with a nomadic tribe in Mongolia.她去蒙古和一个游牧部落一起生活。ⓘ The word tribe was used in the past to describe a group of people living together in a simple society with little or no industry. Tribe is still sometimes used to describe groups in developing countries, especially where they continue to live in a traditional way, often separate from other people. Some people find the term tribe offensive, because it suggests simple people who are not civilized. Ethnic group is now becoming more frequent.过去tribe一词指生活在工业不发达或无工业的简单社会的部落，现在这个词有时仍用于描述发展中国家的群体，尤指那些延续传统生活方式、与世隔绝的群体。有些人觉得tribe一词因含有“未开化的简单民族”之义，令人反感。ethnic group现在越来越常用。 see also tribal ⇨ cultural■clan [countable + singular or plural verb](especially in Scotland in the past) a group of families who are related to each other and live together in a social group（尤指旧时苏格兰的）宗族，氏族，家族◆His grandfather was a descendant of the Guthrie clan in Scotland.他的祖父是苏格兰格思里家族的后裔。■ˌethnic ˈgroup [countable] a group of people from the same race, tribe or nation族群；种族社群◆The school has a large number of students from different ethnic groups.这所学校有很多不同民族的学生。ⓘ Ethnic group is often used as a general word to describe a person's race or nationality. When talking about a group of people living in a place where most people are from a different race and/or nationality, the terms minority ethnic group or ethnic minority are often used. * ethnic group含义很广，常指一个人的种族或民族。表示少数民族常用minority ethnic group或ethnic minority。 see also ethnic ⇨ cultural
run1
verb
run to catch a bus跑着去赶公共汽车run a business经营企业➡ See also the entry for ⇨ fly2另见fly条第2义run ♦︎ race ♦︎ jog ♦︎ tear ♦︎ sprint ♦︎ charge ♦︎ gallop ♦︎ trot ♦︎ bound ♦︎ pound ♦︎ stampedeThese words all mean to move fast using your legs.这些词均表示跑。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺下图显示这些词所表达跑步速度快慢的程度
jog
➔
run
➔
race
trot
bound
tear
pound
sprint
charge
gallop
stampede
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to run / race / jog / sprint / charge / gallop / trot / bound / pound towards sb / sth◆to run / race / sprint / charge / gallop / trot / bound / pound after sb / sth◆to run / race / tear / sprint / gallop / trot / bound / pound along (sth)◆to run / race / tear / sprint / gallop / bound off◆to run / race / sprint / bound away◆to run / race / tear / sprint / bound back◆to run / race / tear / charge around / round◆to come running / racing / tearing / sprinting / charging / galloping / trotting / bounding■run(running, ran, run) [intransitive, transitive] to move using your legs, going faster than when you walk; to travel a particular distance by running跑；奔跑◆Can you run as fast as Mike?你能和迈克跑得一样快吗？◆The boy went running off to get the ball.那个男孩跑着去拿球。◆I had to run to catch the bus.我不得不跑着去赶公共汽车。◆Alan was running for a bus when he slipped on some ice.艾伦跑着赶公共汽车时在冰上滑倒了。◆I like to go running(= run as a form of exercise) in the mornings before work.我喜欢早晨上班前跑步。◆I ran four miles today.我今天跑了4英里。◆Terrified, he ran all the way home.他吓坏了，一路跑回家。 see also runner ⇨ player▸run
noun
[countable] ◆I go for a run every morning.我每天早晨都去跑步。◆He broke into a run(= started running).他跑了起来。▸running
noun
[uncountable] ◆to go running去跑步◆running shoes跑鞋■race [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) (written) to run very fast, especially because it is important that you get somewhere quickly（尤指因须快速到达某处）快跑，飞奔◆Peter raced ahead to be the first to tell his mother the news.彼得跑在前面，为的是率先将这个消息告诉他妈妈。◆We all raced back to the camp.我们都迅速赶回了营地。■jog ( go jogging) [intransitive] to run slowly and steadily for a long time, especially for exercise慢跑，慢步长跑（尤指锻炼）◆I go jogging every evening.我每天晚上都慢跑锻炼。◆He jogged down the path and into the lane.他沿着小路慢跑进了小巷。▸jog
noun
[singular] ◆I like to go for a jog after work.我喜欢下班后慢跑锻炼。▸jogging
noun
[uncountable] ◆He decided to take up jogging.他决定开始慢跑锻炼。■tear / /teə(r); NAmEter/ (tore, torn) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to run somewhere very quickly, especially in an excited way or because you are in a hurry（尤指兴奋地或因赶时间）飞跑，狂奔，疾驰◆The girls looked at each other and tore off towards the house.女孩们看了看对方，接着向房子飞奔而去。■sprint [intransitive, transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to run very fast for a short distance短距离快速奔跑；冲刺◆He sprinted towards the finishing line.他向终点冲刺。◆I sprinted the last few metres.我全速跑完最后几米。ⓘ When sb in a race starts sprinting, they start running as fast as they can, especially near the end of the race. * sprint指比赛中的冲刺，特别是接近比赛终点时。▸sprint
noun
[countable] ◆a 100-metre sprint100米短跑◆It was a sprint for the finishing line.这是一个终点冲刺。■charge [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to run or walk fast in a particular direction, especially making a noise or carelessly（尤指闹哄哄或毛毛躁躁地）向⋯方向冲去◆The kids were charging around outside.孩子们在外面跑来跑去。◆He came charging into my office and demanded an explanation.他冲进我的办公室，要求给个说法。■gallop /ˈgæləp/ / [intransitive, transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) (of a horse or similar animal) to move fast with an action that includes all four feet being off the ground at the same time; (of a person) to ride a horse when it is galloping; (of a person) to run very quickly, especially in an excited way and with noisy steps（马或类似动物）飞奔，疾驰；（人）策马奔驰，嗵嗵地奔跑◆The horse neighed and galloped off across the field.那匹马嘶叫着疾驰穿过田地。◆The cavalry galloped past in a cloud of dust.骑兵绝尘而去。◆She galloped her horse all the way home.她骑着马一路飞奔回家。◆The kids came galloping along the street.孩子们沿街飞奔而来。▸gallop
noun
[singular] ◆Diane urged her horse into a gallop.黛安驱马驰骋起来。■trot(-tt-) [intransitive, transitive](of a horse) to move at a speed that is faster than walking, with each front leg being lifted at the same time as the opposite back leg; (of a person) to ride a horse when it is trotting; (of a person) to run slowly or walk fast, taking short quick steps（马）疾走，小跑；（人）骑马小跑，小步快跑，碎步急行◆I could hear the sound of several horses trotting along in the lane.我听到几匹马在小路上小跑的声音。◆Bob trotted his pony around the field.鲍勃骑着小马绕场慢跑。◆The dog trotted obediently at her heels.那条狗乖乖地小跑着跟在她脚边。◆He trotted off to greet the other guests.他快步走过去迎接其他客人。▸trot
noun
[singular] ◆She slowed her horse to a trot.她放慢马的速度小跑起来。◆She moved at a brisk trot.她轻快地小跑起来。■bound / /baʊnd/ / [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to run with long steps, especially in an enthusiastic way（尤指热情地）跳跃着跑◆The dogs bounded ahead.那些狗在前面蹦蹦跳跳地跑。■pound / /paʊnd/ / [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to run somewhere with heavy, noisy steps脚步重且喧闹地跑◆A group of men on horseback came pounding across the field.一群人骑着马嗵嗵地穿过田地。■stampede / /stæmˈpiːd/ / [intransitive](of a group of large animals or people) to run fast, especially in a way that cannot be controlled（尤指大型动物群或人群无法控制地）狂奔，涌向◆The cattle started to stampede, as if they could sense the danger.牛群仿佛感觉到危险，开始狂奔起来。◆A bunch of kids came stampeding down the corridor.一群孩子顺着走廊涌了过来。