| 例句 |
raise verb
⇨ raise (raise money for charity) ⇨ bring sb up (raised a city boy) ⇨ increase (raise taxes) ⇨ keep 4 (raise cattle) ⇨ make 2 (raise funds) ⇨ pick sb/sth up (raise your hand) ⇨ raise sb's spirits ⇨ encourage 1 ⇨ raise your voice ⇨ shoutraise noun
⇨ increase raise verb raise ♦︎ collectThese words both mean to ask people to give you money for a particular purpose. 这两个词均表示为特定目的募捐、募集。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to raise / collect money for sth◆to raise / collect money / funds■ raise [transitive] to ask people or organizations to give you money for a particular purpose 募捐；募集◆The main part of my job is to raise funds for the playgroup.我的主要工作是为幼儿游戏班筹集资金。◆We are raising money for charity.我们在进行慈善募捐。ⓘ Typical collocates of raise in this meaning are capital, cash, funds, loan, money and sponsorship. 表达此义时，raise的常见搭配词有capital、cash、funds、loan、money和sponsorship。■ collect [intransitive, transitive] to ask people to give you money for a particular purpose 募捐；募集◆We're collecting for local charities.我们正在为当地慈善机构募捐。◆We collected over £300 for the appeal.我们为这个吁请募集了300多英镑。▸ collection noun [countable] ◆a house-to-house collection for Cancer Relief为资助癌症治疗挨门逐户的募捐NOTE 辨析 Raise or collect?When you raise money, you are likely to do it by organizing events, or by approaching organizations to ask for money; if you collect money, you are more likely to do it by approaching people in the street or by knocking on people's doors with a box for them to put coins in. You might also collect money from friends or colleagues to pay for a present from all of you. Notice that collect does not always need an object. * raise money多是通过举办活动或向机构募捐等方式筹集资金；collect money更多是拿着募捐箱在街头或上门请人捐钱。collect money也可以是朋友或同事为共同买礼物而凑份子钱。注意collect不一定总带宾语◆I'm collecting for Patrick's retirement present.我在收取为帕特里克买退休礼物的份子钱。 bring sb up phrasal verb bring sb up ♦︎ adopt ♦︎ raise ♦︎ rear ♦︎ foster ♦︎ be born and bredThese words all refer to how a child grows up and is cared for. 这些词均表示抚养、养育、培养。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be brought up / raised / reared / born and bred in a place◆to be brought up / raised / reared / born and bred as sth◆to be brought up / raised / reared / born and bred (as) a Catholic / Protestant / Muslim / Jew, etc.◆to bring up / adopt / raise / rear / foster a child◆to bring up / adopt / raise / rear a daughter / son / family◆to bring up / adopt / raise / foster a baby◆to raise / rear young / animals / sheep / chickens / poultry■ ˌbring sb ˈup phrasal verb [often passive] to care for a child, teaching him/her how to behave, until he/she is grown up 抚养；养育；教养◆She brought up five children.她抚育了五个孩子。◆He was brought up by his aunt.他是由姨妈带大的。◆What a well brought up child!多么有教养的孩子！◆They were brought up (= taught as children) to respect authority.他们从小就被教导尊重权威。■ adopt [intransitive, transitive] to take sb else's child into your family and become its legal parent(s) 收养；领养◆He led a campaign to encourage childless couples to adopt.他领导了鼓励无子女夫妇领养孩子的运动。◆She was forced to have her baby adopted.她被迫把婴儿给人收养了。 see also take sb in ⇨ accommodate ▸ adoption /əˈdɒpʃn; NAmE əˈdɑːpʃn/ noun [uncountable, countable] ◆She put the baby up for adoption.她提出要让人收养那个婴儿。■ raise [transitive, often passive] (especially NAmE) to care for a child or young animal until it is grown up 养育（幼儿或幼兽）；抚养；培养◆They were both raised in the South.他俩都是在南方长大的。◆These kids have been raised on a diet of hamburgers.这些孩子是吃汉堡包长大的。◆I was born and raised a city boy.我是个在都市里出生长大的男孩子。 see also raise ⇨ keep 4 NOTE 辨析 Bring sb up or raise?When it is used in British English to talk about caring for a child, raise is slightly more formal than bring sb up. 在英式英语中，表示养育孩子时，raise较bring sb up略正式。■ rear /rɪə(r); NAmE rɪr/ [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) to care for young animals or children until they are grown up 养育（幼兽或幼儿）；抚养；培养◆She reared a family of five on her own.她一个人养活了五个孩子。◆Lions usually manage to rear about half the number of cubs born to them.狮子通常设法喂养大约半数自己所生的幼崽。 see also rear ⇨ keep 4 NOTE 辨析 Raise or rear? Raise is more often used to talk about children; rear is more often used to talk about animals. * raise较常指养育孩子，rear较常指喂养动物。■ foster [transitive, intransitive] (especially BrE) to take sb else's child into your family for a period of time, without becoming his or her legal parent(s) 代养，抚育，照料（他人子女）◆They have fostered over 60 children during the past ten years.过去十年间他们抚育了60多个孩子。◆We couldn't adopt a child, so we decided to foster.我们不能领养孩子，所以决定代养一个。▸ foster adjective [only before noun] ◆a foster mother / father / family / child / home代养母亲／父亲；代养的家庭／小孩；寄养家庭◆foster parents代养父母◆foster care寄养照管■ be ˌborn and ˈbred idiom to have been born and to have grown up in a particular place with a particular background and education （在某地）出生长大；受过⋯熏陶◆He was born and bred in Boston.他生于波士顿，长于波士顿。◆I'm a Londoner, born and bred.我是个土生土长的伦敦人。 increase verb increase ♦︎ raise ♦︎ boost ♦︎ intensify ♦︎ maximize ♦︎ heighten ♦︎ inflate ♦︎ step sth up ♦︎ turn sth upThese words all mean to make the amount, number or level of sth bigger or greater. 这些词均表示增加、提高、加强。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to increase / raise / boost / inflate / step up sth by 15%, 250, £100, a third, etc.◆to increase / raise / boost / inflate / step up sth from 150, $500, etc.◆to increase / raise / boost / inflate / step up sth to 150, $500, etc.◆to increase / raise / boost / maximize / inflate prices◆to increase / raise / boost / maximize your income◆to increase / raise / boost / heighten awareness / interest◆to increase / raise / boost / maximize support◆to increase / raise / boost confidence◆to increase / raise / intensify / step up the pressure◆to increase / intensify / maximize / heighten / step up security◆to increase / raise / boost / intensify / heighten / inflate sth greatly / further■ increase [transitive] to make sth greater in amount, number, level, degree or value 使增长；增加；提高◆We need to increase productivity.我们需要提高生产力。◆They've increased the price by 50%.他们已经加价五成。◆Last month the reward was increased from £20 000 to £40 000.上个月报酬从2万英镑增加到了4万英镑。 OPP decrease , reduce ⇨ reduce see also increase ⇨ rise verb ▸ increased adjective [only before noun] ◆increased demand / pressure / spending上升的需求／压力／开支■ raise [transitive] to increase the amount or level of sth 增加，提高（数量或水平）◆The government has promised not to raise taxes.政府已承诺不加税。◆They raised their offer to $500.他们将出价抬高到500元。◆How can we raise standards in schools?我们怎样才能提高学校的水准？◆Don't tell her about the job until you know for sure－we don't want to raise her hopes (= make her hope too much).没确定之前别告诉她工作的事，我们不想让她期望过高。◆I've never heard him even raise his voice (= speak louder because he was angry).我甚至从没听到他提高过嗓门儿。OPP lower ⇨ reduce NOTE 辨析 Increase or raise?In many cases you can use either word. Increase is slightly more frequent when talking about numbers, prices and figures; raise is more useful for abstract nouns such as feelings and qualities. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用。表示数额、价格和数字时用increase略多；raise较常跟表示感情与品质等的抽象名词搭配◆to raise interest / awareness提高兴趣／意识 Raise is also used in idiomatic expressions such as raise sb's hopes and raise your voice. * raise亦用在raise sb's hopes和raise one's voice等惯用语中。 ■ boost / /buːst/ / [transitive] (often approving, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to make sth increase, or become better or more successful 使增长；使兴旺◆The new service helped to boost pre-tax profits by 10%.这项新服务使税前利润增长了10%。◆A last-minute rush by Christmas shoppers boosted sales.圣诞前最后一波购物热潮使商店营业额大增。◆Getting that job did a lot to boost his ego (= make him feel more confident).得到那份工作使他信心倍增。ⓘ Boost is always used to talk about a positive increase. * boost总是表示往好的方面增长◆to boost productivity / sales / spending提高生产力／销售额；增加开支◆to boost sb's morale / career / confidence提高某人的士气；提升某人的事业发展；增强某人的信心◆to boost taxes/pressure/tension ■ intensify / /ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ/ / [transitive, intransitive] to increase an activity or feeling in degree or strength; (of an activity or feeling) to increase in degree or strength 加强，增强（活动或感情）；（活动或感情）强化，加剧◆The opposition leader has intensified his attacks on the government.反对派领袖加强了对政府的攻击。◆The reforms served only to intensify the misery of the poorer peasants.这些改革只是让贫困农民的日子更苦了。◆Violence intensified during the night.夜间暴力活动加剧了。■ maximize (BrE also maximise) [transitive] (rather formal, especially business 尤用于商业) to increase sth as much as possible; to make the best use of sth 使最大化；充分利用；最大限度地利用◆They drew up a six-point plan to maximize safety and efficiency in the use of the equipment.为了最大限度地提高设备使用的安全性和效率，他们制订了一个六点计划。◆ (computing 计算机) Maximize the window to full screen.将窗口最大化。◆The purpose of the restructuring is to maximize opportunities in the global market.企业重组的目的是为了充分利用全球市场的机会。 OPP minimize ⇨ reduce ■ heighten / /ˈhaɪtn/ / [transitive, intransitive] to increase an effect or feeling or make it stronger; (of an effect or feeling) to increase or become stronger 加强（效果或情感）；（效果或情感）强化◆Fears of further racial conflict were heightened by news of the riots.暴乱的消息使人们更加担心会爆发进一步的种族冲突。◆Tension heightened after the recent bomb attack.最近发生炸弹袭击之后，情势更加紧张了。NOTE 辨析 Intensify or heighten?Although both verbs can be used with or without an object, heighten is more often used with an object. Heighten is used especially to talk about feelings and attitudes; intensify can apply to actions too. 这两个动词带或不带宾语均可，但heighten较常带宾语。heighten尤用以描述情感和态度；intensify还可描述行为◆a heightened sense of loneliness / well-being加剧的孤独感；强烈的安适愉快之感◆to intensify the campaign / battle加强活动；使战斗更加激烈 ■ inflate / /ɪnˈfleɪt/ / [transitive] (often disapproving, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to increase the price of sth 使涨价◆The principal effect of the demand for new houses was to inflate prices.对新住宅需求的主要影响是促使价格上涨。◆The profit margin had been artificially inflated.利润率被人为提高了。ⓘ Inflate can also be used without an object, but this is less frequent. * inflate也可作不及物动词，不带宾语，但这种用法不太常见 [intransitive] ◆House prices are no longer inflating at the same rate as last year.住宅价格的上涨率已不再像去年那样高了。 ■ ˌstep sth ˈup phrasal verb (-pp-)to increase the level of an activity 提高（活动）的水平◆He has stepped up his training to prepare for the race.他为准备那场比赛加强了训练。◆Security has been stepped up in response to the recent terrorist threat.加强了安全措施以应对近来恐怖分子的威胁。■ ˌturn sth ˈup phrasal verb to increase the noise, heat or light produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls 开大（音量）；调高（热度或亮度）◆Could you turn the TV up?你能把电视机的音量开大些吗？◆The music was turned up loud.音乐的音量开大了。 OPP turn sth down ⇨ reduce see also turn sth on ⇨ turn sth on keep4 verb Where do you keep the sugar? 你把糖放哪儿了？I've kept all her letters. 我保留着她的所有来信。keep a diary 记日记keep chickens/bees 养鸡；养蜜蜂keep a promise/an appointment 遵守承诺；按时赴约continue2Keep smiling!hold sb/sth upYou're an hour late－what kept you?maintain1keep sth goingpersistkeep goingkeep ♦︎ breed ♦︎ rear ♦︎ raiseThese words all mean to own and care for animals. 这些词均表示饲养。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to keep / breed / rear sth for sth◆to keep / breed / rear / raise animals / cattle / horses / sheep◆to keep / breed / raise chickens◆to keep / breed / rear / raise sth in captivity■ keep (kept, kept) [transitive] to own and care for animals, especially at home or on a small scale （尤指在家中或小规模地）养，饲养◆Residents are not allowed to keep pets.禁止居民养宠物。◆to keep bees / goats养蜜蜂；养山羊■ breed (bred, bred) [transitive] to keep animals or plants in order to produce new young animals or plants in a controlled way 饲养，培育（新品种）◆Greyhounds were originally bred as hunting dogs.灵𤟥起初是被当作猎狗来饲养的。 see also breed ⇨ produce ■ rear /rɪə(r); NAmE rɪr/ [transitive] to breed or keep animals or birds, for example on a farm 饲养，养殖（动物或鸟）◆The young crocodiles were reared indoors at a constant temperature of 32°C.小鳄鱼在恒温32摄氏度的室内饲养。 see also rear ⇨ bring sb up ■ raise [transitive] to keep particular farm animals or grow particular crops in order to sell or make other use of them 饲养；培育；种植◆Farmers cleared the land in order to raise cattle.农民清理出土地来养牛。 see also raise ⇨ bring sb up NOTE 辨析 Rear or raise? Raise is more frequent than rear in American English. There is also a slight difference in emphasis: rear is often used when emphasizing information about the animals' treatment and living conditions; raise is often used when talking about an animal or crop as a product, for example in farming. 在美式英语中raise比rear更常用。这两个词的侧重点也有细微差别：强调对待动物的方式和动物的生存条件时常用rear，把动物或作物当作农业经营的产出来看待时则用raise。 make2 verb make your own clothes 自己做衣服make a profit 获利make a living 谋生It made me think. 那件事促使我思考。cookmake a cakeforcebe made to work hardmake ♦︎ raise ♦︎ get ♦︎ fetch ♦︎ bring (sb) in sth ♦︎ realizeThese words all mean to gain an amount of money, especially by selling sth. 这些词均表示获得钱财，尤指通过卖东西获得。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to make / raise / bring in money◆to make / raise / get / fetch / bring in / realize $199 / £300 000◆to make / realize £1 000 / $50 000 on a deal■ make (made, made) [transitive] to gain an amount of money by selling sth （卖某物）挣得，获得◆She sold her foreign investments last month and made $75 000.她上个月出售了境外的投资，赚了75 000元。◆We need to think of new ways to make money from our existing products.我们得另辟蹊径，从现有产品上赚钱。◆The company is making a loss on its children's range.公司的儿童系列产品在赔钱。■ raise [transitive] to collect money for sth, by selling sth, borrowing money or asking people to give it 筹集；募集◆The sale raised over £3 000 for charity.拍卖募集了超过3 000英镑善款。◆The hospital is trying to raise funds for a new kidney machine.医院正设法筹钱购买一台新的血液透析器。◆He needed to raise a loan in order to set up in business.他需要筹得一笔贷款做生意。■ get [transitive] (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) [no passive] (rather informal) to gain an amount of money by selling sth （卖某物）挣得，获得◆We got £220 000 for the house.我们的房子卖了22万英镑。■ fetch [transitive] to be sold for a particular amount of money 售得；以⋯价格卖出◆The painting is expected to fetch £10 000 at auction.这幅画的拍卖价可望达1万英镑。■ ˌbring in ˈsth■ ˌbring sb ˈin sth phrasal verb (brought, brought)to gain an amount of money by selling sth （卖某物）挣得，获得◆The garage sale brought in a lot more than we expected.旧物出售所得比我们预计的多很多。◆Selling off the business would bring us in about £200 000.出售这项业务我们会赚约20万英镑。NOTE 辨析 Make, get or bring in sth?You can make money, a particular amount of money, or a profit or loss. You can bring in money or a particular amount of money. You can only get a particular amount of money. * make可指赚钱、挣得特定数量的钱、获利或赔钱。bring in可指赚钱或挣得特定数量的钱。get只表示挣得特定数量的钱◆The garage sale got a lot more than we expected. ◆The company is getting/bringing in a loss. ■ realize (BrE also realise) [transitive] (formal) to be sold for a particular amount of money 售得；以⋯价格卖出◆The paintings realized $2 million at auction.这些画在拍卖会上卖出了200万元。 pick sb/sth up phrasal verb pick sb/sth up ♦︎ lift ♦︎ raise ♦︎ hoist ♦︎ scoop ♦︎ heaveThese words all mean to move sb/sth upwards, or to take hold of sb/sth and move them to a different position. 这些词均表示举起、移开。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to pick / lift / raise / hoist / scoop sb / sth up◆to pick up / lift / hoist / heave a bag / basket◆to pick up / lift / heave a chest / suitcase◆to pick up / lift / hoist / scoop a child / girl / boy◆to pick up / lift the phone / telephone / receiver◆to lift / raise your hand / arm / head / chin / face / eyes / eyebrows◆to pick up / lift / raise sb / sth carefully / gently / gingerly◆to pick sb up / lift sb / scoop sb bodily■ ˌpick sb/sth ˈup phrasal verb to take hold of sb/sth and move them/it up 拿起；举起；抬起◆She went over to the crying child and picked her up.她走到那个哭着的孩子身边，把她抱了起来。◆He picked up the phone and dialled the number.他拿起电话，拨了那个号码。 OPP put sb/sth down ⓘ If you put sb/sth down you stop holding them/it and place them/it on the ground, on a table, etc. * put sb/sth down指把手里抱的人或拿的东西放到地上或桌子上等◆Put that knife down before you hurt somebody!把那刀放下，别伤着人！◆It's a great book. I couldn't put it down (= couldn't stop reading it).这本书太好看了，我爱不释手。 ■ lift [transitive, intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to move sb/sth or be moved to a higher position or level; to take hold of sb/sth and move them/it to a different position （被）抬高，举起；移开◆I lifted the lid of the box and peered in.我掀起箱盖往里看。◆Her eyebrows lifted. 'Apologize? Why?'她眉毛往上一扬：“道歉？为什么？”◆He lifted the suitcase down from the rack.他把手提箱从行李架上搬下来。NOTE 辨析 Pick sb/sth up or lift? Pick sb/sth up is usually used to talk about things and people that are not very heavy. Lift suggests that the person or thing is quite heavy. Lift is also used to talk about moving heavy people or things in different directions. * pick sb/sth up通常用于物或人不是很重的情况。lift则暗含人或物很重之意。lift还指向各种方向移动沉重的人或物◆to lift sth up / down / into sth / from sth搬上／搬下／搬进／移开某物 Pick sb/sth up can only be used to talk about moving a person or thing upwards. * pick sb/sth up仅用于将人或物往上抬或举。 ■ raise [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (especially written) to lift or move sth to a higher level; to move sb/sth/yourself to an upright position 举起；提升；使直立（或站起）◆She raised the gun and fired.她举枪射击。◆He raised a hand in greeting.他扬起手打招呼。◆She raised her eyes from her work.她停下工作，抬起头看了看。◆Somehow we managed to raise him to his feet.我们总算让他站了起来。◆She raised herself up on one elbow.她用一只胳膊肘支起身子。 OPP lower ⓘ To lower sb/sth is to let or make them/it go down. * lower表示把人或物放低或降下◆She lowered her newspaper and looked around.她放低报纸往四下看了看。◆They lowered him down the cliff on a rope.他们用绳索把他放下悬崖。 NOTE 辨析 Lift or raise?If you are talking about moving an object or part of the body to a higher position or level, you can use either word. Raise is slightly more formal and is used more in writing. It is used more to talk about parts of the body; lift is used more to talk about objects. Only lift can be used without an object. 表示将物品或身体部位抬高或举起，这两个词可以通用。raise略显正式，多用于书面语，多指抬起身体部位。lift多用于物品。只有lift可以不带宾语◆Her eyebrows raised. ■ hoist [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to raise or pull sth up to a higher position, often using ropes or special equipment （常用绳子或特殊设备）吊起，拉高◆She hoisted herself onto a high stool.她坐上了一张高凳上。◆The cargo was hoisted aboard by crane.货物由起重机吊上船。■ scoop [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to move or lift sb/sth with a quick continuous movement （敏捷地）抱起，拿起，捡起◆He scooped the child up in his arms.他一把抱起孩子。◆She quickly scooped her clothes from the chair.她一把抓起椅子上的衣服。■ heave (heaved, heaved) [transitive, intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to lift, pull or throw sb/sth very heavy with one great effort （用力）举起，拖，拉，抛◆I managed to heave the trunk down the stairs.我用力把箱子拖下楼梯。◆They heaved the body overboard.他们把尸体抛下船。◆He heaved himself out of his armchair.他一使劲从扶手椅上站起来。◆We all heaved on the rope.我们大家一起用力拉绳子。 encourage1 verb be encouraged by the news 受到消息的鼓舞encourage people to cycle 鼓动人们骑自行车encourage violent behaviour/debate 助长暴力行为；引发争议 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ reassure 另见reassure条encourage ♦︎ cheer sb up ♦︎ cheer ♦︎ uplift ♦︎ lift/raise sb's spiritsThese words all mean to give sb a feeling of encouragement, hope or confidence. 这些词均表示鼓励、激励。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be greatly encouraged / cheered■ encourage [transitive] to give sb support, courage or hope 支持；鼓励；激励◆My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career.选择职业时，父母总是给予我支持和鼓励。◆We were greatly encouraged by the positive response of the public.公众反应正面，给了我们极大的鼓舞。◆'Good girl, you're doing fine,' he encouraged her.“好孩子，你做得很好。”他鼓励她道。 OPP discourage ⇨ discourage 2 ▸ encouragement noun [uncountable] ◆He needs all the support and encouragement he can get.他需要尽可能多的支持和鼓励。 OPP discouragement ⇨ discourage 2 ■ ˌcheer sb ˈup phrasal verb to make sb feel more cheerful 使高兴起来；使振奋起来◆I asked her out to lunch to cheer her up.为了让她高兴起来，我请她出去吃饭。◆Give John a call－he needs cheering up.给约翰打个电话吧，他需要人安慰。 OPP get sb down ⇨ discourage 2 ■ cheer [transitive, usually passive] to give sb hope, comfort or encouragement 鼓励；鼓舞◆She was cheered by the news from home.来自家里的消息使她欢欣鼓舞。NOTE 辨析 Encourage or cheer?People or events can encourage you; you can be cheered by events or things. Cheer is more about comfort; encourage is more about confidence. * encourage的主语是人或事件，cheer的主语是事件或事物。cheer多指给予安慰，encourage多指给予信心。■ uplift / /ˌʌpˈlɪft/ / [transitive, usually passive] (formal) to make sb feel happier or more hopeful 使心情愉悦；激励；使振奋◆Although it is an emotional play you leave the theatre feeling strangely uplifted.尽管那是出言情剧，但离开剧院时你会莫名其妙地感到振奋。 see also uplifting ⇨ moving ■ lift sb's ˈspirits■ raise sb's ˈspirits idiom to make sb feel more cheerful or brave 使高兴起来；使振奋；使鼓起勇气◆The sunny weather raised my spirits a little.晴朗的天气让我心情略微愉悦一些。 shout verb ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ call 3 and ⇨ scream 另见call条第3义和scream条shout ♦︎ yell ♦︎ cry ♦︎ scream ♦︎ cheer ♦︎ bellow ♦︎ raise your voice ♦︎ roar ♦︎ holler ♦︎ bawlThese words all mean to say sth in a very loud voice. 这些词均表示叫喊、呼喊。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to shout / yell / cry / raise your voice / holler to sb◆to shout / yell / scream / bellow / roar / holler / bawl at sb◆to shout / yell / cry out / scream / bellow / roar / holler in pain / anguish / rage, etc.◆to shout / cry out / scream for joy / excitement / delight etc.◆to shout / yell / cry out / scream / roar with excitement / triumph, etc.◆to shout / yell / scream / bellow / roar / holler / bawl at sb to do sth◆to shout / yell / scream / bellow / holler that...◆to shout / yell / cry / scream / roar / bawl out◆to shout / yell / bellow / bawl orders / instructions◆to shout / yell / scream abuse◆to shout / yell / cry / scream for help◆to shout / cry / scream / holler out loud◆to shout / yell / scream at the top of your voice / lungs■ shout [intransitive, transitive] to say sth in a loud voice; to speak loudly and often angrily to sb 大声说；叫；嚷；斥责；怒骂◆Stop shouting and listen!别嚷了，听着！◆He started shouting and swearing at her.他冲着她叫骂起来。◆Protesters threw stones and shouted abuse at the Senator.抗议者朝参议员扔石块并高声辱骂。◆'Run!' he shouted.“快跑！”他大喊一声。OPP whisper ⇨ whisper ▸ shout noun [countable] ◆We heard angry shouts coming from the apartment below.我们听见楼下单元传来愤怒的叫喊声。■ yell [intransitive, transitive] to shout loudly, for example because you are angry, excited, frightened or in pain （因生气、激动、害怕或疼痛等）叫喊，大喊，吼叫◆She yelled at the boy to get down from the wall.她冲着男孩嚷嚷，让他从墙上下来。◆ (especially BrE) I had to yell at the top of my voice to make myself heard.为了让别人听见，我不得不扯开嗓子叫喊。◆ (especially NAmE) I had to yell at the top of my lungs.我不得不用尽全力大声叫喊。◆The crowd yelled encouragement to the team.人群大声叫喊着给运动队加油。◆'Watch out!' he yelled.“当心！”他大叫道。▸ yell noun [countable] ◆He let out a yell of delight.他高兴得大叫起来。■ cry [intransitive, transitive] (written) to shout loudly 喊叫；呼喊；呼叫◆She ran over to the window and cried for help.她跑到窗口喊救命。◆'You're safe!' Tom cried with delight.“你安全啦！”汤姆高兴地叫道。◆He bit his lip, trying not to cry out in pain.他咬紧嘴唇忍着疼痛，尽量不叫出声来。▸ cry noun [countable] ◆Her answer was greeted with cries of outrage.她的回答引起了一片愤怒的吼声。■ scream [intransitive, transitive] to shout sth in a loud, high voice because you are afraid, angry or excited （因害怕、生气或激动）高声喊，大声叫◆He screamed at me to stop.他冲着我高声喊，要我停下来。◆'Help!' he screamed.“救命！”他尖叫道。 see also scream ⇨ scream ■ cheer [intransitive, transitive](especially of a crowd of people) to shout loudly to show support or praise for sb, or to give them encouragement （尤指人群为⋯）欢呼，喝彩，加油◆We all cheered as the team came onto the field.队员入场时我们都为之欢呼。◆The spectators cheered the runners on.观众为赛跑选手加油。◆The crowd cheered the president as he drove slowly by.当总统的车缓缓经过时，群众向他欢呼致意。▸ cheer noun [countable] ◆A great cheer went up from the crowd.观众爆发出一阵热烈的欢呼声。◆Three cheers for the winners!(= used when you are asking a group of people to cheer three times, in order to congratulate sb, etc.) 为优胜者欢呼三次吧！■ bellow / /ˈbeləʊ; NAmE ˈbeloʊ/ [intransitive, transitive] to shout in a loud deep voice, especially because you are angry （尤指因生气）大声吼叫，怒吼◆He fell to the floor, bellowing with pain and rage.他摔倒在地板上，又疼又气地大声吼叫起来。◆'Quiet!' the teacher bellowed.“安静！”老师大声吼道。▸ bellow noun [countable] ◆He let out a bellow of rage.他发出一声怒吼。■ ˌraise your ˈvoice idiom to speak loudly to sb, especially because you are angry （尤指因生气）提高嗓门，大吼大叫◆She never once raised her voice to us.她从不对我们大吼大叫。◆'Just you get in here,' he said, raising his voice.“就你一个人进来。”他提高嗓门说道。■ roar /rɔː(r)/ / [intransitive, transitive] (written) to shout sth very loudly, for example because you are angry, in pain, or very excited （因生气、疼痛或非常激动等）叫喊，大声说◆The crowd roared with excitement.人群激动得喧嚷起来。◆Fans roared their approval.一众仰慕者大声叫好。◆'Stand back,' he roared.“靠后站。”他吼道。■ holler [intransitive, transitive] (NAmE, informal) to shout loudly 叫喊◆Don't holler at me like that!别这样对我大喊大叫的！◆'Look out,' I hollered.“当心。”我大喊一声。■ bawl / /bɔːl/ / [intransitive, transitive] (disapproving) to shout loudly, especially in an unpleasant or angry way （尤指令人不快或愤怒地）叫喊，吼叫◆She bawled at him in front of everyone.她当着大家的面冲他大喊大叫。◆He sat in his office bawling orders at his secretary.他坐在办公室里，对秘书厉声发号施令。 increase noun increase ♦︎ growth ♦︎ inflation ♦︎ rise ♦︎ gain ♦︎ surge ♦︎ hike ♦︎ spiral ♦︎ raise ♦︎ upturnThese words all refer to a situation when the amount, level or number of sth goes up. 这些词均表示数量的增加、增长或水平的提高。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge / a hike / a spiral / an upturn in sth◆an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge / a hike of 20%◆(a) significant / sharp increase / growth / inflation / rise / gain / surge / hike / upturn◆(a) large / considerable / huge / massive increase / growth / inflation / rise / gain / surge / hike◆(a) sudden increase / growth / inflation / rise / gain / surge / hike / upturn◆(a) moderate increase / growth / inflation / rise / hike◆(a) slow / gradual / steady increase / growth / inflation / rise / spiral◆(a) tax / price / wage increase / growth / inflation / rise / hike / raise◆to see an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge / a hike / an upturn◆to lead to / mean / report an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge / a hike◆to cause / represent an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge◆to show an increase / growth / a rise / a gain / a surge■ increase [countable, uncountable] a rise in the amount, number or level of sth 增长；增多；增加◆There has been a steady increase in demand for the service.对这种服务的需求稳步增长。◆This year saw an increase of nearly 20% in the number of visitors.今年游客人数增加了近20%。◆The figures show a significant increase on last year's turnover.数据显示营业额比去年有了显著增长。◆Homelessness is on the increase (= increasing).无家可归者越来越多。OPP cut , decrease , reduction ⇨ reduction see also increase in sth ⇨ gain verb 2 , increase ⇨ rise verb ■ growth [uncountable, singular] an increase in the size, amount or degree of sth 增加；增长；增强◆The report links population growth with rural poverty.该报告把人口增长与农村的贫困联系起来。◆The growth in average earnings has remained constant.平均收入保持了连续增长。◆Recent years have seen a huge growth of interest in alternative medicine.近年来人们对替代疗法的兴趣愈加浓厚了。 see also grow ⇨ rise verb ■ inflation / /ɪnˈfleɪʃn/ / [uncountable] a rise in the prices of services and goods in a country, resulting in a fall in the value of money; the rate at which this happens 通货膨胀；通胀率◆The bank is introducing new measures to curb inflation.银行正采取抑制通货膨胀的新措施。◆Wage increases must be in line with inflation.工资的增长必须与通货膨胀一致。◆Inflation is currently running at 3%.当前的通胀率为3%。■ rise [countable] an increase in the number, amount or level of sth 增长；增多；增加◆The industry is feeling the effects of recent price rises.该行业已感觉到最近价格上涨的影响。◆There has been a sharp rise in the number of people out of work.失业人数急剧增长。OPP fall , decline , drop ⇨ reduction see also rise ⇨ rise verb NOTE 辨析 Increase, growth or rise?In many cases you can use any of these words. 在许多情况下这三个词可以通用◆a rapid increase / growth / rise in the number of private cars私家车数量的迅速增加 Growth is often uncountable and is used especially to talk about size: population growth is much more typical than 'population increase/rise'. It is also more often used to talk about sth positive. * growth常作不可数名词，尤指规模的增长；population growth比population increase/rise更常用。growth更多指好的增长◆the growth in earnings / employment / demand收入／就业／需求的增长 Increase and rise are often used to talk about more negative things. * increase和rise常指较负面的增长◆an alarming increase / rise in violent crime暴力犯罪惊人的增加 Increase is more general than rise, used for things that increase by themselves or that are increased deliberately by sb. Rise is used more for things that happen to rise, rather than for deliberate increases. Price rises are seen from the point of view of the people buying things, not selling them. Businesses announce price increases; customers feel the effects of price increases/rises. 与rise相比，increase的意思更宽泛，指自身或人为的增长。rise较多指偶然发生的而非人为的增长。price rises表示从买者而非卖者的角度看到的价格上涨。商家宣布提价用 announce price increases表示；消费者感觉到提价的影响用feel the effects of price increases/rises表示。 ■ gain [countable, uncountable] an increase in the amount of sth, especially in wealth or weight （尤指财富或重量的）增值，增加◆a £3 000 gain from our investment从我们的投资中获取的3 000英镑的收益◆Regular exercise is the best way of preventing weight gain.经常锻炼是防止体重增加的最佳方法。 OPP loss ⓘ Loss [uncountable, countable] is the state of no longer having sth or as much of sth, or the process that leads to this. * loss指丧失、损失、丢失◆weight loss体重减轻◆loss of blood失血◆The closure of the factory will lead to a number of job losses.工厂倒闭会使许多人失业。 see also loss ⇨ debt , gain ⇨ gain verb 2 ■ surge / /sɜːdʒ; NAmE sɜːrdʒ/ [countable] a sudden increase that happens in the amount or number of sth; a large amount of sth （数量的）急剧上升，激增；大量；一大批◆Economists have reported a surge in consumer spending.经济学家通报了消费开支的激增。◆After an initial surge of interest, there has been little call for our services.开始时的一阵新鲜劲过后，对我们服务的需求变得很小。 see also surge ⇨ soar verb , surge ⇨ wave noun 2 ■ hike [countable] (informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a large or sudden increase that sb makes in prices or taxes （价格或税额的）大幅度提高，猛增◆Higher crude oil prices mean price hikes for consumers too.原油价格的上涨对消费者来说意味着物价也会大幅度提高。◆Borrowers will be hit hard by the latest hike in interest rates.新近利率的大幅上扬将使借款人遭受沉重打击。■ spiral /ˈspaɪrəl/ / [uncountable] a continuous harmful increase in sth, that gradually gets faster and faster 螺旋式上升（指有害的持续加速增长）◆How can we halt the destructive spiral of violence in the inner cities?我们怎样才能遏止内城区日益严重的破坏性暴力行为？◆The country is caught in a vicious spiral of rising wages and prices.该国陷入了工资和物价持续上涨的恶性循环之中。ⓘ Spiral can also be used to talk about a similar harmful decrease in sth. * spiral亦可指类似的有害的下降◆The book gives a harrowing account of a downward spiral of drink, drugs and despair.这本书对从酗酒、吸毒再到绝望的沉沦之路作了令人心痛的描述。 ■ raise [countable] (NAmE) an increase in the money you are paid for the work you do 加薪；工资增长◆If I asked my boss for a raise he'd fire me.我要是要求老板加薪，他会解雇我。ⓘ In British English this is called a rise. 在英式英语中表达此义用rise。■ upturn /ˈʌptɜːn; NAmE >ˈʌptɜːrn/ [countable, usually singular] an increase in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes stronger （营业额的）增加，提高；（经济的）回升，好转◆The restaurant trade is on the upturn.餐饮业正在复苏。◆an upturn in the economy经济好转 OPP downturn ⇨ reduction |