| 例句 |
review verb
⇨ examine (review a decision) ⇨ learn (review your notes)review noun
⇨ assessment (a book review) ⇨ report 1 (a critical review of the existing system)examine verb examine ♦︎ analyse ♦︎ review ♦︎ study ♦︎ discuss ♦︎ go into sth ♦︎ take stock ♦︎ surveyThese words all mean to think about, study or describe sb/sth carefully, especially in order to understand them, form an opinion of them or make a decision about them. 这些词均表示思量、调查、研究。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss / go into / take stock of / survey what / how / whether...◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss / take stock of / survey the situation◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss the possibility of sth◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss a / an proposal / idea◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss / survey the evidence / sb's work◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss / go into sth in depth / in detail◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss sth in the light of sth◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss / survey sth carefully / critically / systematically / briefly■ examine [transitive] to think about, study or describe an idea, subject or piece of work very carefully 思量；调查；研究◆These ideas will be examined in more detail in Chapter 10.这些观点将在第10章作更详尽的探讨。◆It is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out.有必要研究一下怎样才能实施这些方案。 see also examination ⇨ research noun ■ analyse (BrE) (NAmE analyze) [transitive] to examine the nature or structure of sth, especially by separating it into its parts, in order to understand or explain it 分析◆The job involves gathering and analysing data.这份工作需要搜集和分析资料。◆He tried to analyse his feelings.他试图分析自己的感情。◆We need to analyse what went wrong.我们需要分析是什么地方出了差错。 see also analysis ⇨ research noun ■ review [transitive] to examine sth again, especially so that you can decide if it is necessary to make changes 复查；重新考虑◆Staff performance is reviewed annually.员工的业务表现每年考核一次。◆The decision may need to be reviewed in the light of new evidence.这个决定可能需要根据新获得的证据重新研究。◆Safety procedures are being urgently reviewed after a chemical leak at the factory.化学品泄漏事件发生之后，工厂正进行安全程序的紧急审查。▸ review noun [uncountable, countable] ◆The case is subject to judicial review.这个案子必须接受司法审查。◆The terms of the contract are under review.合同条款正在审议。◆a pay / salary review工资评审 see also review ⇨ report noun 1 ■ study [transitive] to examine sb/sth in order to understand them 研究；调查◆We will study the report carefully before making a decision.我们将认真研究这份报告，然后再作决定。◆The group will study how the region coped with the loss of thousands of jobs.这一小组将考察这个地区在减少了几千个工作岗位的情况下是如何应对的。 see also study ⇨ research noun , study ⇨ report noun 1 NOTE 辨析 Examine or study?You examine sth in order to understand it or to help other people understand it, for example by describing it in a book; you study sth in order to understand it yourself. * examine以理解或帮助他人理解为目的，如在书中探讨等；study则以自己理解为目的。■ discuss [transitive] to write or talk about sth in detail, showing the different ideas and opinions about it 详述；论述◆This topic will be discussed at greater length in the next chapter.这个题目将在下一章里详细论述。 see also discussion ⇨ research ■ go ˈinto sth phrasal verb (goes, went, gone) (rather informal, especially spoken) to examine a subject or question carefully, especially for practical reasons 详细调查，认真研究（尤出于实际需要）◆We need to go into the question of costs.我们需要研究一下费用问题。■ take ˈstock idiom (took, taken)to think carefully about the way in which a particular situation is developing in order to decide what to do next 进行反思；作出评估◆It was time to stand back and take stock of his career.是时候该置身事外，反思一下他的职业生涯了。■ survey /səˈveɪ; NAmE sərˈveɪ/ [transitive] to examine and give a general description of sth 总体研究；概述◆This chapter briefly surveys the current state of European politics.本章对欧洲政治的现状作了简要概述。 see also survey ⇨ report noun 1 learn verb learn ♦︎ study ♦︎ know ♦︎ acquire ♦︎ do ♦︎ memorize ♦︎ pick sth up ♦︎ master ♦︎ get the hang of sth ♦︎ revise ♦︎ learn/know sth by heart ♦︎ reviewThese words all mean to gain knowledge or skill by studying, from experience or from being taught. 这些词均表示学会知识或技能。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to learn / know / pick up sth from sb / sth◆to study / revise / review (sth) for sth◆to learn / know / memorize / pick up / master / get the hang of what...◆to learn / know / master / get the hang of how...◆to learn / study to be sth◆to learn / study / know / do / pick up / master a language◆to learn / study / know / do / pick up / master French / Arabic, etc.◆to learn / study / know / do / master / revise / review a subject◆to learn / study / do / revise / review geography / biology, etc.◆to learn / acquire / pick up / master a skill◆to learn / do / memorize a poem / speech◆to memorize a number◆to learn / know a poem / speech / number (off) by heart◆to quickly learn / pick up / master sth◆to thoroughly learn / study / master / revise / review sth◆to study / revise hard■ learn (learnt, learnt or learned, learned) [transitive, intransitive] to gain knowledge or skill by studying, from experience or from being taught; to read and repeat sth in order to be able to remember it 学；学习；学会；熟记◆I've forgotten most of what I learned at school.上学时学的东西我大部分都忘记了。◆She's still quite young and she's got a lot to learn.她还年轻，有很多东西要学。◆She's very interested in learning more about Japanese culture.她很想多了解日本文化。◆I'll need to learn how to use the new software.我得要学习怎样使用这种新软件。◆He learned to ride when he was about three years old.他大约三岁时就学会了骑马。◆You'll have to learn your lines (= for an acting part) by next week.你下周前必须把台词背熟。◆Most of the kids here are eager to learn.这里的大多数孩子都很好学。◆All children learn through play (= by playing).所有孩子都从玩耍中学习。◆We have to learn one of Hamlet's speeches for school tomorrow.我们明天上学得背诵哈姆雷特的一段台词。 see also learning ⇨ education noun ■ study [intransitive, transitive] to spend time learning about a subject by reading, doing research or going to school or college 学习；攻读◆Michael studied at Sussex University.迈克尔曾就读于萨塞克斯大学。◆He sat up very late that night, studying.那天晚上他学习到深夜。◆As a young composer he studied under Nadia Boulanger (= Nadia Boulanger taught him to be a composer).他年轻时师从纳迪亚•布朗热学习作曲。◆Did you ever study any sciences?你是否曾学习过自然科学？◆She's studying to be an architect.她在学建筑。ⓘ In American English study is the usual word for talking about preparing for a test or exam. 在美式英语中，复习备考通常用study◆I have two tests tomorrow, and I've barely had time to study.明天我要参加两个测验，可我几乎没有时间复习功课。◆I was up late studying for my biology final.我熬夜复习功课，准备生物学期末考试。In British English the usual word for this is revise. 在英式英语中，表达此义通常用revise。 see also study ⇨ education noun ■ know (knew, known) [transitive] to have learned a skill or language; to have gained knowledge of sth 学会，掌握，熟悉（技能或语言）◆Do you know how to use spreadsheets?你知道怎样使用电子数据表吗？◆Do you know any Japanese?你会日语吗？◆He knows this city better than anyone.他比任何人都要熟悉这座城市。 see also knowledge ⇨ knowledge ■ acquire / /əˈkwaɪə(r)/ / [transitive] (formal) to gain knowledge or a skill 获得，得到（知识或技能）◆She has acquired a good knowledge of English.她英语已经学得很好了。◆He decided to put his newly acquired skills to the test.他决定尝试一下自己新学到的技巧。 see also acquire ⇨ get 1 ▸ acquisition / /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/ / noun [uncountable] ◆theories of child language acquisition儿童语言习得理论■ do (does, did, done) [transitive] to study a subject, topic, book, etc., especially as a class at school or college 学习，研究（尤指参加学校的课程）◆I'm doing physics, chemistry and biology.我在学习物理、化学和生物。◆Have you done any (= studied anything by) Keats?你研究过济慈的作品吗？■ memorize ( memorise) / /ˈmeməraɪz/ / [transitive] to learn sth carefully so that you can remember it exactly 记住◆She had memorized his phone number.她已经记住了他的电话号码。◆Each night I tried to memorize long lists of verbs.每天晚上我都努力把一长串一长串的动词记起来。 see also memory ⇨ memory ■ ˌpick sth ˈup phrasal verb (rather informal) to get information or gain a skill by chance, without making a deliberate effort （偶然）得到，听到，学会◆I picked up one or two words of Thai while I was on vacation.度假期间我学了一两句泰语。◆This is a tip I picked up from my mother.这个窍门是我从我妈那里学来的。■ master /ˈmɑːstə(r); NAmE ˈmæstər/ [transitive] to learn or understand sth thoroughly 精通；掌握◆Once you've mastered the basics, you can begin to experiment a little.一旦你掌握了基本原理，就可以开始做一些尝试了。■ get the ˈhang of sth idiom (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) (informal) to learn how to do or use sth 掌握⋯的要领；了解⋯的方法◆It seems tricky at first but you'll soon get the hang of it.刚开始似乎很难对付，不过很快你就能掌握其要领。◆I never quite got the hang of riding a bike.我一直没能掌握骑自行车的要领。■ revise [intransitive, transitive] (BrE) to prepare for an exam by looking again at sth you have studied and reminding yourself of what you have learned 复习；温习◆I can't come out tonight－I'm revising.我今晚不能出去，我在复习。◆She's revising for her exams at the moment.目前她正在复习备考。◆Have you revised geography yet?你复习完地理了吗？▸ revision noun [uncountable] ◆Have you started your revision yet?你开始复习了吗？■ learn sth by ˈheart■ know sth by ˈheart idiom (learnt, learnt or learned, learned; knew, known)to learn and be able to remember sth such as a poem or set of facts exactly 背熟；记住◆He was told to learn the passage by heart.他被告知要把这段文章背熟。◆ (BrE) I had dialled the number so often that I knew it off by heart.这个号码我拨过很多次，都记住了。■ review [transitive, intransitive] (especially NAmE) to look again at sth you have learned or studied, especially in order to prepare for a test （尤指为备考而）温习，复习◆Take a little time to review your notes the evening before.前一天晚上你可以花点时间把笔记复习一下。ⓘ If you are talking about an individual student, review must take an object. 以单个学生作主语时，review后面必须接宾语◆I need to review for my math final. Use study instead. 但这种情况可以用study◆I need to study for my math final.我需要温习功课，准备数学期末考试。However, if you are talking about a teacher leading the class in a review, review can be used with or without an object. 但如果是指老师带领全班同学复习功课，review后面接不接宾语均可◆I think it would be a good idea to review the material in chapter 10.我觉得复习第10章的内容是个好主意。◆Next week we're going to be reviewing for the final.下周我们要复习，准备期末考试。 ▸ review noun [countable, uncountable] ◆I should have time for a quick review of my notes before the test.测验前我应该有时间把笔记过一遍。◆We'll have time at the end of class for review.接近下课时我们会有时间进行复习。 assessment noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ test noun 2 另见test名词词条第2义assessment ♦︎ evaluation ♦︎ review ♦︎ appraisal ♦︎ commentary ♦︎ critique ♦︎ criticism ♦︎ estimationThese are all words for an opinion or judgement of sb/sth, especially in a piece of writing. 这些词均表示评价、评定，尤指书面评论。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in an assessment / an evaluation / a review / an appraisal / a commentary / a critique / sb's estimation◆a detailed / general assessment / evaluation / appraisal / commentary / critique◆a critical assessment / evaluation / review / appraisal / commentary◆a / an thorough / subjective / effective assessment / evaluation / appraisal / critique◆a / an objective / careful assessment / evaluation / appraisal / criticism◆a searching assessment / appraisal / critique / criticism◆a written assessment / appraisal / commentary / critique◆to give an assessment / a review / an appraisal / a critique◆to write an assessment / a review / a commentary / a critique◆to carry out / make an assessment / evaluation / appraisal■ assessment / /əˈsesmənt/ / [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) an opinion or judgement about sb/sth that has been thought about carefully; the act of forming this kind of judgement or opinion 看法；评价；评定◆What is your assessment of the situation?你对形势的看法如何？◆We need to make a detailed assessment of the risks involved.我们要对所涉及的风险进行详细评估。◆written and oral exams and other forms of assessment笔试、口试及其他形式的考核◆We are developing new methods of risk assessment for chemicals.我们正在开发化学品风险评估的新方法。ⓘ An assessment is usually about the quality of sth, such as a student's work or ability, or about the problems, risks or needs involved in a situation. * assessment通常指对事物质量的评估，如学生的功课或能力，或者指对某种情况下涉及的问题、风险或需求的评估。 see also assess ⇨ judge verb 1 , assess ⇨ test verb 2 ■ evaluation / /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn/ / [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) an assessment of the amount, value or quality of sth; the process of forming this assessment （数量、价值或质量的）评估；估价；评定（过程）◆We've still got to carry out an evaluation of the results.我们仍须对结果进行评估。◆The new programme is still under evaluation.这一新计划仍在评估中。 see also evaluate ⇨ judge verb 1 ■ review [countable, uncountable] a report in a newspaper or magazine in which sb gives their opinion of a book, play, film, etc.; the act of writing this kind of report （对书籍、戏剧、电影等的）评介，评论◆The book received mixed reviews (= some people liked it, some did not).对于这本书的评论毁誉参半。◆The new musical opened to glowing reviews.这部新的音乐剧一上演就获得热烈赞扬的评论。◆He submitted his latest novel for review.他提交了自己的最新小说以供评论。ⓘ In American English, review is also the term for a meeting in which an employee discusses with their manager how well they have been doing their job, and for the system of holding such meetings. 在美式英语中，review还指职员跟上司评定自己工作表现的讨论会，以及这种评估制度 (NAmE) ◆I have my performance review tomorrow.我明天要做工作表现评估。◆A formal performance review system was introduced five years ago.五年前引入了一个正规的工作表现评定制度。In British Engish this is called an appraisal. 这在英式英语中称为appraisal。 see also reviewer ⇨ reporter ▸ review verb [transitive] ◆The play was reviewed in the national newspapers.这部戏剧在全国性报纸上都有评论。■ appraisal / /əˈpreɪzl/ / [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) an assessment of the quality, performance or nature of sb/sth; the act of making this kind of assessment 评价；评估；鉴定◆She had read many detailed critical appraisals of his work.她读了许多详细评论他作品的文章。◆She made a quick appraisal of the other guests.她迅速对其他来宾做了一番鉴定。ⓘ Appraisal is also the usual term in British English for an employee's performance review (see above). * appraisal在英式英语中还指对员工工作表现的评定（见上面review的分词条） (especially BrE) ◆I've got my appraisal tomorrow.我明天要做工作表现评估。◆A formal system of performance appraisal was introduced five years ago.五年前引入了一个正规的工作表现评定制度。In American English this is usually called a review, although appraisal is also used. 这在美式英语中通常称为review，不过有时也用appraisal。 ▸ appraise [transitive] ◆ (formal) She stepped back to appraise her workmanship.她退后一步，看看自己的作品是否完美。■ commentary / /ˈkɒməntri; NAmE ˈkɑːmənteri/ [countable, uncountable] a written explanation or discussion of sth such as a book or play; a discussion or sign of sth, especially of its good and bad qualities 评注；解释；（尤指对优缺点的）探讨，反映◆He wrote a commentary on Paul's letters to the Romans.他写了一篇评述保罗致罗马人的书信的文章。◆The film is part love story and part social commentary.该影片既讲爱情，又反映社会问题。ⓘ You can write a commentary on a book, play or film; or a book, play or film can be a commentary on social, political or other issues. 表示撰文评论书籍、戏剧或电影，可用write a commentary on sth。表示书籍、戏剧或电影反映社会、政治等问题，可用be a commentary on sth。■ critique /krɪˈtiːk/ / [countable] a piece of writing discussing the good and bad qualities of sth such as a set of ideas or a work of art （观点、艺术品等的）评论，评论文章◆She wrote a feminist critique of Freud's theories.她写了一篇从女权主义角度评论弗洛伊德理论的文章。▸ critique verb [transitive] ◆Her job involves critiquing designs by fashion students.她的工作包括评判时装专业学生的设计。■ criticism [uncountable] the work or activity of making fair, careful judgements about the good and bad qualities of sb/sth, especially books, music, etc. （尤指对书籍、音乐等的）评论文章，评论◆She has written several works of literary criticism.她已经写了几本文学批评的著作。◆art criticism艺术评论▸ criticize (BrE also criticise) verb [transitive] ◆ (BrE) We were taught how to criticize poems.我们学习了怎样评论诗歌。■ estimation / /ˌestɪˈmeɪʃn/ / [singular] (rather formal) a judgement or opinion about the value or quality of sb/sth, especially a personal opinion （尤指个人观点的）判断，评价，看法◆Who is the best candidate in your estimation?在你看来，谁是最佳人选？◆Since he left his wife, he's certainly gone down in my estimation (= I have less respect for him).他离弃妻子后，我对他的看法便不如从前了。◆She went up in my estimation (= I have more respect for her) when I discovered how much charity work she does.发现她做了这么多慈善工作，我比以前尊敬她了。 report1 noun commission a report on the health service 委托撰写有关公共医疗服务的调查报告newspaper reports 报纸的报道a progress/medical report 进度／医疗报告unconfirmed reports of a shooting 未经证实的枪击事件传言report ♦︎ study ♦︎ investigation ♦︎ review ♦︎ surveyThese are all words for an official document written by a person or group that has examined a particular situation or problem. 这些词均表示调查报告。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a report / an investigation / a survey into sth◆a report / a study / an investigation / a review / a survey by sb◆a / an new / recent / important / major / comprehensive / wide-ranging / extensive report / study / investigation / review / survey◆the latest report / study / investigation / review / survey◆a / an government / official / public / independent report / study / investigation / review / survey◆to do a report / a study / an investigation / a review / a survey◆to undertake a study / an investigation / a review / a survey◆to order a report / a study / an investigation / a review◆to commission a report / study / review / survey◆to call for a report / an investigation / a review◆to publish / release / read a report / study / review / survey◆a report / study / investigation / review / survey finds / shows / reveals / suggests sth◆a report / study / review calls for / proposes / recommends sth■ report [countable] an official document written by a group of people who have examined a particular situation or problem 调查报告◆The committee will publish their report on the health service in a few weeks.委员会将在几周后发布有关公共医疗服务的调查报告。◆We will have to wait until they deliver their report before we can come to any conclusions.我们得等到他们提交报告后才能下结论。■ study [countable] a piece of research that examines a subject or question in detail, especially in order to recommend what should be done （尤指为了提出建议的）专题研究，专项调查◆A recent study revealed an unacceptable level of air pollution in the city.最近的一项研究显示，这个城市的空气污染已经达到令人无法接受的地步。◆The company undertook an in-depth feasibility study (= a study into whether sth is possible and how it could be done) before adopting the new system.采用新系统前，这家公司进行了一次深入的可行性研究。◆A comparative study (= a study comparing two things) was carried out into the environmental costs of different energy sources.对不同能源的环境成本进行了一项比较研究。ⓘ A case study is a detailed study of the development of a person, group or situation over a period of time. * case study指个案研究，是对个人、群体或状况在一段时间内发展的详细研究。 see also study ⇨ research noun , study ⇨ examine verb ■ investigation [countable, uncountable] a formal or academic examination of a situation, especially in order to discover the facts （尤指为了解真相的）正式调查，学术研究◆The government has ordered an official investigation into the matter.政府已下令对此事展开正式调查。◆Closer investigation showed this idea to be untenable.更进一步的研究显示这种构想站不住脚。 see also investigate ⇨ investigate ■ review [countable] a report on a subject or series of events 报告；汇报；述评；回顾◆The first chapter presents a critical review of the existing preschool education system.第一章对现行学前教育体系进行了批判性述评。ⓘ Review is often used to talk about a report that considers all the research and writing about a subject or events over a period of time, and gives an opinion about the current situation or state of knowledge. * review常指报告考虑了某段时期关于某课题或相关事件的所有研究和著作，并就目前情况或知识现状提出意见。 see also review ⇨ examine verb ■ survey /ˈsɜːveɪ; NAmE ˈsɜːrveɪ/ [countable] a general study or description of sth 总体研究；概述◆They are carrying out a survey of small businesses in London.他们在对伦敦的小型企业进行总体研究。 see also survey ⇨ examine verb |