highway ♦︎ motorway ♦︎ freeway ♦︎ interstate ♦︎ turnpike ♦︎ dual carriageway ♦︎ divided highway ♦︎ ring road ♦︎ beltway ♦︎ bypassThese are all words for major roads.这些词均表示公路、干道。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆on a highway / a motorway / a freeway / an interstate / a turnpike / a dual carriageway / a divided highway / a ring road / a beltway / a bypass◆along / down / up the highway / motorway / freeway / interstate / turnpike / dual carriageway / divided highway◆a highway / a motorway / a freeway / an interstate from... to...◆a busy highway / motorway / freeway / interstate / ring road / beltway / bypass◆to get on / get off the highway / freeway / interstate◆to join / leave the motorway◆highway / motorway / freeway traffic◆a highway / a motorway / an interstate system◆a stretch of highway / motorway / freeway / dual carriageway / divided highway■highway [countable, uncountable] (especially NAmE) a main road for travelling long distances, especially one connecting and going through large towns（尤指大城镇间的）公路，干道，交通要道◆There's a 55 mph speed limit on most highways.大多数公路限速每小时55英里。◆The hotel is located off Highway 21.这家旅馆位于21号公路旁。ⓘ In the US individual highways are often given numbers.在美国，每条公路都有序号◆Highway 8585号公路In American English, the abbreviation Hwy is often used to talk about a particular highway.美式英语中常用缩略式Hwy指某一条公路◆Hwy 11号公路ⓘ In British English, highway is usually used in official or legal contexts, where it can mean any public road.英式英语中，highway通常用于官方或法律语境，指任何一条公用通道◆All citizens have the right to use the public highway.所有公民都有使用公用通道的权利。■motorway / /ˈməʊtəweɪ; NAmEˈmoʊtərweɪ/ [countable, uncountable](in Britain) a wide road, with at least two lanes in each direction, where traffic can travel fast for long distances between large towns. You can only enter and leave motorways at special junctions.（英国）高速公路◆I left the motorway at the next exit.我在下一个出口下了高速公路。◆He doesn't like motorway driving.他不喜欢在高速公路上开车。ⓘ Motorways in the UK are given a number and referred to by the abbreviation M.在英国，motorway有编号，用缩略式M表示◆Take the M4 as far as Swindon.走4号高速公路直到斯温登。■freeway /ˈfriːweɪ/ / [countable, uncountable](in the US) a wide road, similar to a motorway in Britain（美国）高速公路（与英国的motorway类似）◆They were called to an accident on the freeway at 2:46.2点46分他们接到通知前去处理高速公路事故。◆It's one of the busiest stretches of freeway in the county.这是这个县最繁忙的高速路段之一。■interstate / /ˈɪntəsteɪt; NAmEˈɪntərsteɪt/ ( ˌinterstate ˈhighway) [countable](in the US) a highway between different states（美国）州际公路◆There has been an increase in traffic deaths on rural interstates.乡间州际公路上交通死亡人数有所增加。ⓘ Individual interstates are given the capital letter I and a number.每条州际公路都用大写字母 I 加一个数字表示◆I-40(= said 'eye forty')40号州际公路（读作 eye forty）■turnpike /ˈtɜːnpaɪk; NAmEˈtɜːrnpaɪk/ [countable](in the US) a highway that people have to pay a toll(= an amount of money)to use（美国）收费公路◆Turnpike tolls are going up next month.公路通行费下个月加价。ⓘ In the names of individual roads, turnpike is given a capital letter.公路的名称中turnpike首字母要大写◆the New Jersey Turnpike新泽西收费公路In informal spoken English you can also say pike.非正式口语中也可以简略为pike◆I was going north on the Jersey Pike.我正在新泽西公路向北行驶。NOTE辨析 Highway, freeway, interstate or turnpike?Highway is the most general of these terms and can mean any main road connecting and going through cities. An interstate is a highway with two or more lanes of traffic in each direction; you can only enter or leave the interstate at particular points (called exits in American English, not 'junctions'). In the western US interstates are usually called freeways: this was originally to distinguish them from the turnpikes of the east, which you have to pay to travel on. The same road may be referred to in different ways in different parts of the country. For example, Interstate 90 goes from east to west across the whole country; in Massachussetts in the east it is called a turnpike because you pay to travel on the part that runs through Massachusetts. In the west it is called the freeway. In the places in between it may be referred to as a highway or by its letter and number (I-90).这几个词中，highway含义最宽泛，可以指城市间或城市内的干道。interstate指每个方向有两条或两条以上车道的公路，只能从特定地点进出公路。这些特定地点在美式英语中称为exit，不称作junction。在美国西部，interstate通常称为freeway（不收费公路），开始是为了区别于东部的收费公路turnpike。同一条公路在美国的不同地方可能有不同的名称，如90号州际公路横贯美国的东西部，在东部的马萨诸塞州被称为turnpike，因为这条公路在该州境内的路段是收费的；而在西部，这条公路被称作freeway。在其间的其他地方，这条公路有时称作highway，有时称作I-90。■ˌdual ˈcarriageway [countable, uncountable] (BrE) a road with a strip of land in the middle that divides the lines of traffic moving in opposite directions（中央有隔离带的）双幅车行道，双向车道◆He was caught driving the wrong way down the dual carriageway.他因在双向车道上逆行被抓。◆The road is being converted to dual carriageway.这条路正被改建成双向车道。■diˌvided ˈhighway [countable, uncountable] (NAmE) a dual carriageway（中央有隔离带的）双幅车行道，双向车道◆Continue on through the light, staying on the divided highway 6 East.继续前行通过交通指示灯，沿东6号干道行驶。■ˈring road[countable] (BrE) a road that is built around a city or town to reduce traffic in the centre环路；环城路◆Her house is just off the inner ring road.她的房子靠近内环路。■beltway /ˈbeltweɪ/ / [countable] (NAmE) a ring road环路；环城路◆Traffic was snarled as a two-mile stretch of the beltway was closed for four hours.环路上有两英里路段关闭了四个小时，交通出现了拥堵。ⓘ The only road regularly referred to as the beltway is the one around Washington D.C. Most people would refer to a particular beltway by its three-digit number.一般只有环绕华盛顿特区的环路被称为beltway，大多数人用三个数字的编号指称其他环路◆I was going south on 495, and I saw a huge accident in the northbound lane.我当时正在495号环路上南行，看到北行车道上发生了重大事故。■bypass / /ˈbaɪpɑːs/ / [countable] a road that passes around a town or city rather than through its centre（绕过城市的）旁路，旁道◆There were protests against the building of the bypass.对于修建这条绕城公路有一些反对的声浪。