| 例句 |
rise verb
⇨ rise (interest rates rise) ⇨ rebel (rise up against an invader) ⇨ slope (the ground rises steeply) ⇨ stand 1 (rise to your feet)rise noun
⇨ increase (price rises) ⇨ progress (the rise of fascism) ⇨ give rise to sth ⇨ cause rise verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ soar 另见soar条rise ♦︎ grow ♦︎ increase ♦︎ climb ♦︎ go up ♦︎ escalateThese are all words that can be used when the amount, level or number of sth gets bigger or higher. 这些词均表示数量、水平或数值增加、上升。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to rise / grow / increase / go up in price, number, etc.◆to rise / grow / increase / climb / go up by 10%, 2 000, etc.◆to rise / grow / increase / climb / go up / escalate from 2% to 5%◆the price / number rises / increases / climbs / goes up / escalates◆the level / cost rises / increases / goes up / escalates◆the size / amount grows / increases◆to rise / grow / increase / climb / go up / escalate sharply◆to rise / grow / increase / climb / go up slightly / steadily / slowly / rapidly / dramatically◆to rise / grow / increase / escalate suddenly◆to rise / increase / climb / go up steeply■ rise (rose, risen) [intransitive] to become greater in number, level or amount （数值、水平或数量）增加，上升◆rising fuel bills / divorce rates不断上涨的燃料费／离婚率◆The price of gas has risen by 3%.煤气价格已上涨3%。◆Gas rose sharply in price.煤气价格大幅上涨。◆Interest rates are expected to rise from 4.5% to 5% in the next six months.预计利率将在未来半年从4.5%上升至5%。 OPP fall , drop , sink ⇨ fall 1 see also rise ⇨ increase noun ■ grow (grew, grown) [intransitive] to become greater in size, number or strength （大小、数值或强度）扩大，增加，增强◆The company profits are expected to grow by 5% next year.公司利润预计将在明年增长5%。◆She is growing in confidence all the time.她的信心在不断增强。◆Their performance improved as their confidence grew.随着他们信心的加强，他们的表现有所改善。◆There is growing opposition to the latest proposals.越来越多的人反对最近提出的建议。◆The company is growing bigger all the time.这家公司在不断扩大。OPP shrink ⇨ shrink see also growth ⇨ increase noun , expand ⇨ expand 1 ■ increase [intransitive] to become greater in amount, level, number, degree, value, size or strength 增长；增多；增加◆The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million.人口已从120万增加到了180万。◆Demand is expected to increase over the next decade.预计需求在未来十年将会上升。◆Disability increases with age (= the older sb is, the more likely they are to have a disability).人年纪越大就越容易丧失某种身体机能。OPP decrease , decline ⇨ fall 1 see also increase ⇨ increase noun verb NOTE 辨析 Rise, grow or increase?Although it is the most frequent of these verbs, rise is most often used about the number or level of sth; grow and increase can also be used about size and strength. 尽管rise是这些动词中最常见的，但它最常指数量增加或水平提高；grow和increase还可指大小和强度增加◆Profits / Numbers have risen / grown / increased.利润／数量已增长。◆Her confidence / fear grew / increased.她的信心增强了／恐惧加深了。◆Her confidence/fear rose. Increase is slightly more formal than rise or grow. * increase比rise和grow稍正式一些。 ■ climb [intransitive](of a figure or temperature or a country's money) to become greater in level or value （数字、温度或币值）上升，攀升，上涨◆The dollar / temperature has been climbing all week.整个星期美元一直在升值／温度一直在上升。◆The paper's circulation continues to climb.这份报纸的发行量在继续增长。◆Membership is climbing steadily.会员数目稳步攀升。ⓘ Climb is usually used to talk about a number rather than an amount. * climb常指数值增加而非数量增长◆Unemployment (= the number of unemployed people) is still climbing.失业人数仍在攀升。◆The pollution/mess is climbing. OPP drop ⇨ fall 1 ■ ˌgo ˈup phrasal verb (goes, went, gone) (rather informal, especially spoken) to become greater in level or value （水平或价值）上升，增长◆The price of cigarettes is going up.香烟价格在上涨。◆Do you think interest rates will go up again?你认为利率还会上升吗？ OPP come down ⇨ fall 1 ■ escalate / /ˈeskəleɪt/ / [intransitive] (rather formal) to become greater, worse or more serious 逐步扩大；不断恶化；加剧◆The fighting escalated into a full-scale war.这场交战逐步扩大为全面战争。◆the escalating costs of health care逐渐增加的医疗费用 rebel verb rebel ♦︎ rise ♦︎ mutiny ♦︎ revoltThese are all words that can be used when a group of people fight against or refuse to obey those in authority. 这些词均表示反抗权威、造反、叛逆。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to rebel / rise / mutiny / revolt against sb / sth◆the people rebel / rise / revolt■ rebel / /rɪˈbel/ / (-ll-) [intransitive] to fight against or refuse to obey an authority, for example a government or system 反抗权威（如政府或体制）；造反；叛逆◆In 1215 the barons rebelled against the king.1215年，贵族们反抗国王的统治。◆The colonies rebelled and declared their independence.各殖民地起来反抗并宣布独立。 see also rebel ⇨ guerrilla noun , rebel ⇨ protester noun , rebellion ⇨ revolution 1 , rebellious ⇨ naughty ■ rise (rose, risen) [intransitive] (formal) to begin to fight against your ruler or government or against a foreign army 反抗（统治者、政府或外国军队）；造反；奋起◆The peasants rose in revolt.农民起来造反了。◆He called on the people to rise up against the invaders.他号召民众起来反抗入侵者。 see also uprising ⇨ revolution 1 ■ mutiny / /ˈmjuːtəni/ / [intransitive](especially of soldiers or sailors) to refuse to obey the orders of sb in authority （尤指士兵或船员）不服从，反抗，反叛◆There was a real chance the crew would mutiny.全体船员真有可能暴动。 see also mutiny ⇨ revolution noun 1 ■ revolt /rɪˈvəʊlt; NAmE rɪˈvoʊlt/ [intransitive] to take violent action against the people in power 反抗，反叛（当权者）◆Finally the people revolted against the military dictatorship.人民最终起来反抗军事独裁。 see also revolt ⇨ revolution noun 1 NOTE 辨析 Rebel or revolt?To rebel against sth can involve fighting or simply opposition. When people revolt it nearly always involves violence. Rebel is more often used to describe fighting against a government or political system, especially by people who already have some power or are a part of the same political system. * rebel可能涉及战斗或仅仅是反对，revolt几乎总是涉及暴力。rebel多指反抗政府或政治体制，特别是由已有一定权力或处于同一政治体制中的人发动◆A total of 139 MPs rebelled against the government.总共有139名议员反对政府。 Revolt is more often used to describe the actions of ordinary people rejecting the authority that controls them, for example because it is treating them badly. * revolt多指普通民众抵制当局的控制，如反抗压迫◆The peasants revolted against high taxes and the losses of the war.农民起来反抗高税收和战争损失。 slope verb slope ♦︎ dip ♦︎ rise ♦︎ descend ♦︎ climb ♦︎ dropThese are all words that can be used when land or a surface leads downwards or upwards. 这些词均表示倾斜、有坡度。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to slope / rise / descend / climb towards sth◆to slope / dip / drop down◆a road / path slopes / dips / descends / climbs / drops◆to slope / dip / rise / descend / climb / drop steeply◆to slope / dip / rise gently / slightly■ slope [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (of a horizontal surface) to be at an angle so that it is higher at one end than the other （水平面）倾斜，有坡度◆The path sloped gently down.小径缓缓地向下倾斜。◆The garage is rectangular with a sloping roof.这个车库呈长方形，房顶是倾斜的。 see also slope ⇨ angle noun , slope ⇨ lean verb 1 ■ dip (-pp-) [intransitive, transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (of ground or a road or path) to lead downwards suddenly （地面、路面或小路）突然下斜，下倾◆The road dipped suddenly as we approached the town.我们快到城里时道路陡然下斜。▸ dip noun [countable] ◆a dip in the road路上的凹陷处■ rise (rose, risen) [intransitive](of land) to slope upwards （土地）凸起，隆起◆Behind the house the ground rises steeply to the north.房子后面的地向北高高隆起。■ descend / /dɪˈsend/ / [intransitive] (rather formal) (of a feature such as a hill, a road or stairs) to lead downwards （山、道路或楼梯等）下斜，下倾◆At this point the path descends steeply.小路从这里陡然而下。 OPP climb ■ climb [intransitive](of a road or path) to lead upwards （道路或小径）倾斜上升◆From here the path climbs steeply to the summit.小路从这里突然变陡，直上山顶。 OPP descend ■ drop (-pp-) [intransitive](of land or a road or path) to slope steeply downwards （土地、道路或小径）急剧倾斜而下◆In front of them the valley dropped sharply away from the road.在他们面前，山谷从路旁急剧倾斜而下。 stand1 verb stand by the window 靠窗站着I can't stand it when you do that. 你那样做，我忍受不了。 ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ lie verb and ⇨ sit 另见lie动词词条和sit条stand ♦︎ get up ♦︎ stand up ♦︎ rise ♦︎ get to your feet ♦︎ be on your feet ♦︎ pick yourself upThese words all mean to be in an upright position with your weight on your feet, or to put yourself in this position. 这些词均表示站立、起立。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to get up / stand up / rise / pick yourself up from sth■ stand (stood, stood) [intransitive] to be in an upright position with your weight on your feet; to put yourself in this position 站立；直立；站起来；起立◆She was too weak to stand.她虚弱得站都站不住。◆He was standing on a chair, trying to change a light bulb.他站在椅子上，想要换个灯泡。◆Stand still when I'm talking to you!我跟你说话时你站着别动！◆The kids were standing around chatting.孩子们分散在各处站着闲聊。◆Everyone stood when the president entered the room.总统进屋时每个人都站了起来。ⓘ Stand is usually used with an adverb or prepositional phrase to show where or how sb stands, but sometimes another phrase or clause is used to show what sb does while they are standing. * stand通常与副词或介词短语连用，表明站立的地点或姿势，但有时用另一个短语或从句来表示站着做某事◆We stood talking for a few minutes.我们站着谈了几分钟。◆He stood and looked out to sea.他站着遥望大海。 OPP sit ⇨ sit ■ ˌget ˈup phrasal verb (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten)to get into a standing position from a sitting, kneeling or lying position 起身；站起；起来◆He got up and strolled over to the window.他站起身来，溜达到了窗口。◆Please don't get up!请不要起立！OPP sit down ⇨ sit ■ ˌstand ˈup phrasal verb (stood, stood)to be in a standing position; to stand after sitting 站立；站起；起立◆Stand up straight!站直了！◆He stood up and put on his coat.他起身穿上外套。OPP sit , sit down ⇨ sit NOTE 辨析 Stand, get up or stand up? Stand usually means 'to be in a standing position' but can also mean 'to get into a standing position'. Stand up can be used with either of these meanings, but its use is more restricted: it is used especially when sb tells sb or a group of people to stand. Get up is the most frequent way of saying 'get into a standing position', and this can be from a sitting, kneeling or lying position; if you stand up, this is nearly always after sitting, especially on a chair. If you want to tell sb politely that they do not need to move from their chair use get up. * stand通常表示站立、直立，但也可表示站起来、起立。stand up可用于上述两种含义，但其用法较受限制，尤用于让某人或一些人起立的场合。get up是表示站起来的最常用的说法，可指从坐、跪或躺的姿势站起身来；stand up几乎总是指从坐的姿势，特别是从椅子上站立起来。如果想礼貌地告诉某人不必起立，就用get up◆Please don't stand up! ■ rise (rose, risen) [intransitive] (formal) to get into a standing position from a sitting, kneeling or lying position 起身；站起；起来◆They rose from the table.他们从餐桌旁站了起来。◆She rose to her feet.她站起身来。■ ˌget to your ˈfeet phrase (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) (written) to stand up after sitting, kneeling or lying 站起身；起立◆I helped her to get to her feet.我帮她站了起来。■ be on yourˈ feet phrase to be standing up 站着；直立◆I've been on my feet all day.我一整天没歇脚了。■ ˌpick yourself ˈup phrasal verb to stand up again after you have fallen （跌倒后）站起来◆He just picked himself up and went on running.他爬起来继续跑。◆She picked herself up off the dusty ground.她从那布满灰尘的地上爬了起来。 increase noun increase ♦︎ growth ♦︎ inflation ♦︎ rise ♦︎ gain ♦︎ surge ♦︎ hike ♦︎ spiral ♦︎ raise ♦︎ upturnThese words all refer to a situation when the amount, level or number of sth goes up. 这些词均表示数量的增加、增长或水平的提高。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge / a hike / a spiral / an upturn in sth◆an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge / a hike of 20%◆(a) significant / sharp increase / growth / inflation / rise / gain / surge / hike / upturn◆(a) large / considerable / huge / massive increase / growth / inflation / rise / gain / surge / hike◆(a) sudden increase / growth / inflation / rise / gain / surge / hike / upturn◆(a) moderate increase / growth / inflation / rise / hike◆(a) slow / gradual / steady increase / growth / inflation / rise / spiral◆(a) tax / price / wage increase / growth / inflation / rise / hike / raise◆to see an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge / a hike / an upturn◆to lead to / mean / report an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge / a hike◆to cause / represent an increase / growth / inflation / a rise / a gain / a surge◆to show an increase / growth / a rise / a gain / a surge■ increase [countable, uncountable] a rise in the amount, number or level of sth 增长；增多；增加◆There has been a steady increase in demand for the service.对这种服务的需求稳步增长。◆This year saw an increase of nearly 20% in the number of visitors.今年游客人数增加了近20%。◆The figures show a significant increase on last year's turnover.数据显示营业额比去年有了显著增长。◆Homelessness is on the increase (= increasing).无家可归者越来越多。OPP cut , decrease , reduction ⇨ reduction see also increase in sth ⇨ gain verb 2 , increase ⇨ rise verb ■ growth [uncountable, singular] an increase in the size, amount or degree of sth 增加；增长；增强◆The report links population growth with rural poverty.该报告把人口增长与农村的贫困联系起来。◆The growth in average earnings has remained constant.平均收入保持了连续增长。◆Recent years have seen a huge growth of interest in alternative medicine.近年来人们对替代疗法的兴趣愈加浓厚了。 see also grow ⇨ rise verb ■ inflation / /ɪnˈfleɪʃn/ / [uncountable] a rise in the prices of services and goods in a country, resulting in a fall in the value of money; the rate at which this happens 通货膨胀；通胀率◆The bank is introducing new measures to curb inflation.银行正采取抑制通货膨胀的新措施。◆Wage increases must be in line with inflation.工资的增长必须与通货膨胀一致。◆Inflation is currently running at 3%.当前的通胀率为3%。■ rise [countable] an increase in the number, amount or level of sth 增长；增多；增加◆The industry is feeling the effects of recent price rises.该行业已感觉到最近价格上涨的影响。◆There has been a sharp rise in the number of people out of work.失业人数急剧增长。OPP fall , decline , drop ⇨ reduction see also rise ⇨ rise verb NOTE 辨析 Increase, growth or rise?In many cases you can use any of these words. 在许多情况下这三个词可以通用◆a rapid increase / growth / rise in the number of private cars私家车数量的迅速增加 Growth is often uncountable and is used especially to talk about size: population growth is much more typical than 'population increase/rise'. It is also more often used to talk about sth positive. * growth常作不可数名词，尤指规模的增长；population growth比population increase/rise更常用。growth更多指好的增长◆the growth in earnings / employment / demand收入／就业／需求的增长 Increase and rise are often used to talk about more negative things. * increase和rise常指较负面的增长◆an alarming increase / rise in violent crime暴力犯罪惊人的增加 Increase is more general than rise, used for things that increase by themselves or that are increased deliberately by sb. Rise is used more for things that happen to rise, rather than for deliberate increases. Price rises are seen from the point of view of the people buying things, not selling them. Businesses announce price increases; customers feel the effects of price increases/rises. 与rise相比，increase的意思更宽泛，指自身或人为的增长。rise较多指偶然发生的而非人为的增长。price rises表示从买者而非卖者的角度看到的价格上涨。商家宣布提价用 announce price increases表示；消费者感觉到提价的影响用feel the effects of price increases/rises表示。 ■ gain [countable, uncountable] an increase in the amount of sth, especially in wealth or weight （尤指财富或重量的）增值，增加◆a £3 000 gain from our investment从我们的投资中获取的3 000英镑的收益◆Regular exercise is the best way of preventing weight gain.经常锻炼是防止体重增加的最佳方法。 OPP loss ⓘ Loss [uncountable, countable] is the state of no longer having sth or as much of sth, or the process that leads to this. * loss指丧失、损失、丢失◆weight loss体重减轻◆loss of blood失血◆The closure of the factory will lead to a number of job losses.工厂倒闭会使许多人失业。 see also loss ⇨ debt , gain ⇨ gain verb 2 ■ surge / /sɜːdʒ; NAmE sɜːrdʒ/ [countable] a sudden increase that happens in the amount or number of sth; a large amount of sth （数量的）急剧上升，激增；大量；一大批◆Economists have reported a surge in consumer spending.经济学家通报了消费开支的激增。◆After an initial surge of interest, there has been little call for our services.开始时的一阵新鲜劲过后，对我们服务的需求变得很小。 see also surge ⇨ soar verb , surge ⇨ wave noun 2 ■ hike [countable] (informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a large or sudden increase that sb makes in prices or taxes （价格或税额的）大幅度提高，猛增◆Higher crude oil prices mean price hikes for consumers too.原油价格的上涨对消费者来说意味着物价也会大幅度提高。◆Borrowers will be hit hard by the latest hike in interest rates.新近利率的大幅上扬将使借款人遭受沉重打击。■ spiral /ˈspaɪrəl/ / [uncountable] a continuous harmful increase in sth, that gradually gets faster and faster 螺旋式上升（指有害的持续加速增长）◆How can we halt the destructive spiral of violence in the inner cities?我们怎样才能遏止内城区日益严重的破坏性暴力行为？◆The country is caught in a vicious spiral of rising wages and prices.该国陷入了工资和物价持续上涨的恶性循环之中。ⓘ Spiral can also be used to talk about a similar harmful decrease in sth. * spiral亦可指类似的有害的下降◆The book gives a harrowing account of a downward spiral of drink, drugs and despair.这本书对从酗酒、吸毒再到绝望的沉沦之路作了令人心痛的描述。 ■ raise [countable] (NAmE) an increase in the money you are paid for the work you do 加薪；工资增长◆If I asked my boss for a raise he'd fire me.我要是要求老板加薪，他会解雇我。ⓘ In British English this is called a rise. 在英式英语中表达此义用rise。■ upturn /ˈʌptɜːn; NAmE >ˈʌptɜːrn/ [countable, usually singular] an increase in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes stronger （营业额的）增加，提高；（经济的）回升，好转◆The restaurant trade is on the upturn.餐饮业正在复苏。◆an upturn in the economy经济好转 OPP downturn ⇨ reduction progress noun progress ♦︎ development ♦︎ advance ♦︎ rise ♦︎ promotion ♦︎ progression ♦︎ advancementThese are all words for how sth progresses, develops or grows. 这些词均表示进展、发展。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆progress / development / an advance / advancement in sth◆sb / sth's rise / promotion / progression / advancement to sth◆sth is in progress / development◆(a) rapid progress / development / advance / rise / promotion / progression / advancement◆(a) steady progress / development / advance / progression◆(a) slow / gradual / smooth progress / development / progression◆further progress / development / advances / promotion / advancement◆scientific / technical / technological / economic / political / social progress / development / advances / advancement◆personal / individual development / advancement◆career development / progression / advancement◆to achieve progress / development / advances / promotion / progression◆to make progress / advances◆to chart / halt the progress / development / rise / progression of sth◆to assist the progress / development / rise / advancement of sth■ progress [uncountable] (often approving) the process of improving or developing, or of getting nearer to achieving or completing sth 进步；进展；进程◆We have made great progress in controlling inflation.我们在抑制通货膨胀方面取得了巨大进展。◆Technological progress is changing the demand for labour.技术的进步正在改变劳动力的需求。◆Work on the new offices is now in progress.新办公楼正在施工。◆I have one file for completed work and one for work in progress.我有一个文件夹保存处理完的文件，另一个保存正在处理的文件。◆They asked for a progress report on the project.他们要一份项目进度报告。ⓘ Progress is often used as a positive way of talking about technological changes, particularly when there are other people who feel that the changes are having a damaging effect on society. * progress常用来强调技术变革的进步意义，特别是在有人觉得技术变革正给社会带来破坏性影响的时候。 see also progress ⇨ develop verb 1 , progressive ⇨ radical ■ development [uncountable] the gradual growth of sth so that it becomes more advanced or stronger 发展；发育；成长；壮大◆a baby's development in the womb胎儿在子宫内的发育◆the development of basic skills such as literacy and numeracy读写和计算等基本技能的发展◆The company can offer a number of opportunities for career development.该公司能提供一些职业发展的机会。ⓘ Development is used especially to talk about growing (as a child) and learning (throughout life). * development尤指儿童的成长和一生的学习。 see also develop ⇨ develop verb 1 ■ advance [countable, uncountable] progress or development in a particular activity or area of understanding 进步；进展◆recent advances in medical science医学的最新进展◆This represents an advance on existing techniques.这标志着现有技术取得了进步。◆We live in an age of rapid technological advance.我们生活在科学技术飞速发展的时代。ⓘ Advance or advances is used especially to talk about scientific, technological and medical achievements. * advance或advances尤指科学、技术和医学上的进步。 see also advance ⇨ develop verb 1 ■ rise [singular] the act of becoming more important, successful or powerful （重要性、优势或权力的）增强◆The film traces the rise of fascism in Europe.该片记述了法西斯主义在欧洲的兴起。◆the rise and fall of the Roman Empire罗马帝国的兴衰◆His eventual fall was as fast as his meteoric rise to power.他一夜间飞黄腾达，最终又同样迅速地没落了。ⓘ Rise is usually used to describe how a party, social class, state, religion or political system increases in importance, often suddenly, or how a person suddenly becomes powerful or famous, especially in the phrase sb's rapid/swift/spectacular/meteoric rise to power/fame. * rise通常指党派、社会阶层、国家、宗教或政治体制的势力突然增强，或某人迅速掌权、一夜成名，尤用于短语sb's rapid/swift/spectacular/meteoric rise to power/fame。 OPP fall ⇨ overthrow ▸ rise verb [intransitive] ◆She rose to power in the 70s.她于70年代掌权。◆He rose to the rank of general.他升到将军一职。■ promotion / /prəˈməʊʃn; NAmE prəˈmoʊʃn/ [uncountable, countable] a move to a more important job or rank in a company or organization; a move by a sports team from playing in one group of teams to playing in a better group 提升；晋升；（运动队的）晋级◆Her promotion to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.提拔她当销售经理，叫每一个人都很意外。◆The new job is a promotion for him.这份新工作对他来说就是升迁。◆The players were paid bonuses for winning promotion to the First Division.成功晋级到甲级队，队员都获得了奖金。OPP demotion , relegation ⓘ Demotion is the opposite of being promoted to a better job, but it is not very frequently used. Relegation is when a sports team moves down to play in a worse group of teams. * demotion是晋升的反义词，但不常用。relegation指运动队降级。▸ promote verb [transitive] ◆She worked hard and was soon promoted.她工作勤奋，不久就升职了。◆They were promoted to the First Division last season.上个赛季他们晋级到甲级队。■ progression /prəˈgreʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) the process of developing gradually from one stage or state to another （进入另一阶段或状态的）发展，前进，进程◆What are the opportunities for career progression?事业上发展机会如何？◆The medication halts the rapid progression of the disease.这种药物阻止了疾病的迅速发展。◆This is all part of the natural progression from childhood to adolescence.这都是儿童成长为青少年的自然发展的必经过程。 see also progress ⇨ develop verb 1 ■ advancement [uncountable, countable] (formal) the process of helping sth to make progress or succeed; the progress that is made; progress in a job or social class 促进；发展；（工作或社会等级的）提升◆the advancement of knowledge / education / science知识／教育／科学的发展◆There are good opportunities for advancement if you have the right skills.如果有合适的技能，就有很好的晋升机会。ⓘ Advancement is often used to talk about achievements in people's own lives. * advancement常指人生中取得的成就◆career / material / personal / individual / social advancement职业的发展；物质条件的提高；个人的发展；社会地位的提升 see also advance ⇨ develop verb 1 cause verb ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ encourage 3, ⇨ prompt and ⇨ stimulate 另见encourage条第3义、prompt条和stimulate条cause ♦︎ result in sth ♦︎ lead (sth) to sth ♦︎ produce ♦︎ bring sth about ♦︎ give rise to sth ♦︎ create ♦︎ make ♦︎ induceThese words all mean to make sth happen. 这些词均表示使发生、导致。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to cause / result in / lead to / produce / bring about / give rise to a / an change / shift / increase◆to cause / result in / lead to / produce / bring about a reduction in sth◆to cause / result in / lead to / produce / give rise to / create problems / difficulties◆to cause / result in / lead to / produce damage / friction◆to cause / result in / lead to / bring about the collapse / destruction / demise of sth◆to cause / lead to / produce / give rise to / create speculation / uncertainty◆to cause / lead to / give rise to / create discontent / dissatisfaction / resentment◆to result in / lead to / produce improvements / success◆to inevitably cause / result in / lead to / produce / bring about / give rise to / create sth■ cause [transitive] to make sth happen, especially sth bad or unpleasant 使（坏事）发生；造成；导致◆Do they know what caused the fire?他们知道火灾的起因吗？◆Are you causing trouble again?你又要惹麻烦吗？◆Doctors say her condition is causing some concern.医生说她的健康状况开始令人担忧。◆The project is still causing him a lot of problems.这个项目仍然给他带来许多麻烦。◆The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply.收成不好导致物价急剧上涨。 see also cause ⇨ source noun ■ reˈsult in sth phrasal verb to cause a particular situation, especially the loss or increase of sth; to have sth as a result 造成，导致（某事物的损失或增加）；是⋯的成因◆Closure of the plant could result in the loss of thousands of jobs .工厂关闭可能导致数千份工作流失。◆In 1965 their work resulted in a Nobel Prize.1965年，他们的工作成果获得了诺贝尔奖。◆These policies resulted in many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship.这些政策使许多老人和残疾人饱受困苦。 see also result ⇨ result noun , resulting , resultant ⇨ related ■ lead to sth■ lead sth to sth phrasal verb (led, led)to be the reason why sth happens; to have sth as a result 导致；是⋯的成因◆The scandal ultimately led to his resignation.该丑闻最终导致他辞职了。◆A reward was offered for information leading to an arrest.提供线索使嫌犯被捕的人可获得赏金。◆These policies could lead the country to environmental catastrophe.这些政策可能会使国家陷入环境的灾难。ⓘ Lead to sth is often used as part of a process of explaining or understanding sth. * lead to sth常在解释或理解某事的过程中使用。■ produce [transitive] to cause a particular result or reaction 引起；导致；使产生◆A phone call to the manager produced the result she wanted.给经理打了一个电话就让她如愿以偿。◆The prime minister's speech produced an angry response from opposition parties.首相的讲话激起了反对党派的愤怒反应。◆The drug produces a feeling of great happiness and excitement.那种毒品会使人产生狂喜和兴奋的感觉。■ ˌbring sth aˈbout phrasal verb (brought, brought)to make sth happen, especially to cause sth to change over a period of time or in a number of stages 造成，引起，导致（尤指渐进的或阶段性的变化）◆What brought about the change in his attitude?是什么使他改变了态度？◆It was this scandal that finally brought about her downfall.正是这桩丑闻最终导致她垮台。■ give ˈrise to sth idiom (gave, given) (formal) to make or allow sth to happen or come into existence 使发生；使形成◆The novel's success gave rise to a number of sequels.这部小说的成功带来了一系列的续篇。◆The ocean gave rise to the first life on Earth.海洋孕育了地球上最早的生命。■ create [transitive] to produce a particular feeling or impression 造成，引起，产生（感觉或印象）◆The company is trying to create a young energetic image.该公司正试图塑造一个充满活力的年轻形象。◆The announcement only succeeded in creating confusion.那个通告反而引起了混乱。■ make [transitive] (made, made)to cause sth to appear as a result of breaking, tearing, hitting or removing material 造成（破坏、破损等）◆The rock made a dent in the roof of the car.石头把车顶砸了个坑。◆The holes in the cloth were made by moths.布上的窟窿是虫蛀的。■ induce /ɪnˈdjuːs; NAmE ɪnˈduːs/ [transitive] (formal) to cause sth or make sth more likely to happen 引起；导致；促进◆A glass of warm milk at bedtime may help to induce sleep.睡前喝一杯热牛奶有助于促进睡眠。◆Doctors will begin bringing him out of a drug-induced coma on Sunday.医生会在周日开始让他脱离药物引起的昏迷状态。ⓘ Induce is often used to talk about the effects that sth such as medicine, disease or injury has on the body. * induce常指药物、疾病或受伤等引发对身体的影响◆Hearing loss is often induced by exposure to loud noise.遭受高噪音常会导致听力受损。 |