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ritual noun
⇨ ceremony (a religious ritual) ⇨ habit (follow a daily ritual) ceremony noun ceremony ♦︎ ritual ♦︎ rite ♦︎ service ♦︎ liturgy ♦︎ sacrament ♦︎ prayersThese are all words for a series of actions that form part of religious worship or a formal occasion. 这些词均表示宗教仪式或正式典礼。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆at a ceremony / a ritual / a rite / a service / prayers◆a religious ceremony / ritual / rite / service◆a / an ancient / primitive / traditional / pagan ceremony / ritual / rite◆an initiation ceremony / ritual / rite◆a funeral ceremony / rite / service◆(a) Christian ceremony / ritual / liturgy◆to perform a ceremony / ritual / rite◆to attend a ceremony / service / prayers◆to hold a ceremony / service■ ceremony [countable] a public or religious occasion that includes a series of formal or traditional actions 典礼；仪式◆They were married in a simple ceremony.他们结婚了，婚礼很简单。◆an awards ceremony颁奖典礼◆the opening ceremony of the Olympic games奥运会开幕式◆the Japanese tea ceremony日本茶道▸ ceremonial / /ˌserɪˈməʊniəl; NAmE ˌserɪˈmoʊniəl/ adjective ◆a ceremonial occasion / sword礼仪场合／佩剑■ ritual /ˈrɪtʃuəl/ / [countable, uncountable] a series of actions that are always carried out in the same way, especially as part of a religious ceremony 程序；仪规；礼节；（尤指）宗教仪式◆Many folk dances have their origins in ancient pagan rituals.许多民间舞蹈源自古代异教徒的仪式。◆She objects to the ritual of organized religion.她反对有组织宗教的仪规。 see also ritual ⇨ habit ▸ ritual adjective ◆ritual chanting / practices仪式上的圣咏演唱；仪式惯例▸ ritually adverb ◆The goat was ritually slaughtered.山羊按照仪式宰杀了。■ rite [countable] a ritual 程序；仪规；礼节；（尤指）宗教仪式◆He received the last rites from a Roman Catholic priest and died an hour later.天主教会的神父为他做了临终祈祷，一小时后他死了。◆New members of the cult have to undergo a secret initiation rite.异教团体的新成员必须进行秘密的入会仪式。NOTE 辨析 Ritual or rite?Both these words are connected with ancient religious practices, especially ones that mark the important events in sb's life or in the cycle of life and death. 这两个词均与古代的宗教习俗有关，尤其是与人生的重大事件或生死轮回有关的习俗◆religious / ancient / primitive / traditional / pagan rituals / rites宗教／古代／原始／传统／异教徒仪式◆initiation / fertility rituals / rites入会仪式；丰收祭祀In many cases you can use either word. However, there can be a slight difference of emphasis: ritual often emphasizes the complicated form of the ceremony more than its meaning and you can talk about an elaborate ritual or an empty ritual that has lost its meaning altogether. A rite is often simpler and more serious, especially when it is connected with death: ritual is not used in these cases. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用。不过，两者强调的重点略有不同：ritual通常强调仪式的繁复甚于仪式的意义。可以说an elaborate ritual（繁琐的仪式）或an empty ritual（空洞的程序），但这两种表述中的ritual都失去了原先的意义。rite所指的仪式通常较为简单且更加严肃，在表示与死亡相关的仪式时尤其如此。ritual不这样用◆He received the last rituals from a Roman Catholic priest. ◆funeral rituals ■ service [countable] a religious ceremony, either as part of the regular worship of a particular church or community, or to mark a particular occasion 宗教礼仪；礼拜仪式◆He always attends morning service.他总是参加晨祷。◆A special service of praise and thanksgiving was held in the cathedral.主教堂里举行了赞美和感恩的特别仪式。■ liturgy / /ˈlɪtədʒi; NAmE ˈlɪtərdʒi/ [countable, uncountable] a fixed form of public worship used in churches 礼拜仪式◆Henry VIII ordered that the English Prayer Book was to replace the old Latin liturgy in church services.亨利八世下令，教堂礼拜时要用英语祈祷书代替原先的拉丁文祈祷书。◆He has written several books on theology and liturgy.他写过几部关于神学和礼拜仪式的书。■ sacrament /ˈsækrəmənt/ / [countable] (rather formal) an important Christian ceremony such as marriage, baptism or communion （基督教）圣事，圣礼（如婚配、圣洗或圣餐等）◆to receive the sacrament of Christian baptism接受基督教洗礼的圣事■ prayers [plural] a religious meeting that takes place regularly, in which people say prayers to give thanks to God or ask him for help 祈祷会；祷告式◆He reads the Koran, attends daily prayers and has made a pilgrimage to Mecca.他读《古兰经》，参加每日祈祷，还去过麦加朝圣。 habit noun habit ♦︎ practice ♦︎ policy ♦︎ ways ♦︎ ritual ♦︎ ruleThese are all words for things that you do often or for your usual behaviour. 这些词均表示习惯、惯常行为。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be sb's habit / practice / policy to do sth◆as is sb's habit / practice◆the / sb's usual habit / practice / policy / ritual◆sb's personal habits / practice / ritual◆bad habits / practices / policy / ways◆to make a habit / practice of doing sth◆to make it a habit / practice / policy / rule to do sth◆to become a habit / practice / ritual◆to have a habit / policy / ritual / rule◆to follow a policy / ritual / rule◆to change a / your habit / practice / policy / ways■ habit [countable, uncountable] a thing that you do often and almost without thinking, especially sth that is hard to stop doing; usual behaviour 习惯；惯常行为◆You need to change your eating habits (= what and how you eat).你得改变你的饮食习惯。◆It's all right to borrow money occasionally, but don't let it become a habit.偶尔借点钱没关系，但不要养成习惯。◆I'm not in the habit of letting strangers into my apartment.我不习惯让陌生人进我家。◆I got into the habit of going there every night for dinner.我习惯了每晚都到那里吃饭。◆I do it out of habit.我这样做是出于习惯。◆When it comes to clothes, men are creatures of habit (= have fixed and regular ways of doing things).男人在衣着方面总是一成不变。 see also habitual ⇨ frequent , habitual ⇨ regular , habitual ⇨ usual ■ practice [countable] (rather formal) a thing that is done regularly, either for a good reason, or out of habit 惯常做的事；习惯；通常做法◆I like the German practice of giving workers a say in how their company is run.我喜欢德国人在公司经营上给工人发言权的做法。◆Established practices can be difficult to modify.成规难改。■ policy [countable, uncountable] (formal) a principle that influences how you behave; a way in which you usually behave 原则；为人之道◆It is my policy not to say anything to the press.我的原则是对新闻媒体保持缄默。◆As the old saying goes, honesty is the best policy.常言道，诚实为上。■ ways [plural] your usual behaviour 行为方式；作风◆It's unlikely that your boss will change his ways.你的老板不太可能改变他的行事风格。◆They seem to have seen the error of their ways.他们似乎已经认识到自己的错误做法。◆You're going to have to mend your ways (= stop behaving badly).你得改正你的不良行为。◆She had become set in her ways (= did not want to or was not able to change her habits and opinions).她的行为方式已成定式，很难改变。■ ritual / /ˈrɪtʃuəl/ / [countable] a thing that is done regularly and always in the same way 习惯；老规矩◆She had been following this daily ritual for several months.几个月来她每天都遵循这一习惯。◆It was all part of the ritual of returning home.那是回家必做的事。ⓘ A ritual is often a series of small actions that are done at a particular time or in particular circumstances, for no obvious reason except that they have been done in that way on those occasions for a long time and people like to continue doing them. * ritual常指在特定时间或场合所做的一套琐事。人们这样做没有什么明确的原因，仅仅是做得时间久了，乐得继续做下去。 see also ritual ⇨ ceremony ■ rule [countable, usually singular] a thing that you usually do because you think it is wise （认为有益而保持的）习惯，常规，惯常的做法◆I make it a rule never to mix business with pleasure.我的规矩是从不把工作和娱乐搅在一起。◆He occasionally allowed himself to break his own rule.他偶尔允许自己破一次例。 see also rule ⇨ principle 2 , as a rule ⇨ usually |