| 例句 |
dust noun
⇨ dirt (covered with dust) ⇨ soil (a cloud of dust rises)dust verb
⇨ brush dirt noun dirt ♦︎ dust ♦︎ pollution ♦︎ soot ♦︎ grimeThese are all words for substances that make sth dirty. 这些词均表示污物、脏污。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be covered in / with dirt / dust / soot / grime◆to be streaked with dirt / soot◆to remove dirt / dust / soot / grime◆to wash the dirt / dust / grime off / from sth◆to clean the dirt / dust off / from sth◆to brush the dirt / dust off / from sth◆a layer of dirt / dust / grime◆a speck of dirt / dust■ dirt [uncountable] any substance that makes sth dirty, for example soil or mud 污物；尘土；烂泥◆First remove any dirt from the surface.首先清除表面的污垢。◆The problem with white is that it soon shows the dirt.白色的缺点是容易显脏。■ dust [uncountable] the fine powder of dirt that forms in buildings, on furniture, floors and other surfaces （室内各种表面积聚的）灰尘，尘埃◆There wasn't a speck of dust anywhere.到处都一尘不染。◆She is allergic to house dust.她对房子里的灰尘过敏。■ pollution / /pəˈluːʃn/ / [uncountable] any substance that makes air, water, soil or other natural things dirty （破坏自然环境的）污染物◆The new buses emit no more pollution than the average car.新型公共汽车的污染物排放量跟普通汽车一样少。◆Pollution on British beaches is a serious problem.英国海滩上的秽物垃圾是个严重问题。▸ pollute verb [transitive] ◆the exhaust fumes that are polluting our cities污染我们城市的废气■ soot / /sʊt/ / [uncountable] black powder that is produced when sth such as wood or coal is burnt 煤烟子；油烟◆The fireplace was blackened with soot.壁炉被煤烟子弄黑了。■ grime [uncountable] dirt that forms a layer on the surface of sth 一层污垢；积垢◆The window sills were covered in dust and grime.窗台上积满了灰尘和污垢。 soil noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ land 2 另见land条第2义soil ♦︎ mud ♦︎ dust ♦︎ clay ♦︎ land ♦︎ earth ♦︎ dirt ♦︎ ground ♦︎ peatThese are all words for the top layer of the earth in which plants grow. 这些词均表示土壤、泥土、土地。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆dry soil / mud / dust / clay / land / earth / dirt / ground / peat◆wet / soft soil / mud / clay / earth / dirt / ground / peat◆damp / moist soil / clay / earth / dirt / ground / peat◆heavy soil / mud / clay / land / dirt / ground◆marshy soil / land / ground◆sandy soil / earth / dirt / ground◆good / rich soil / land / earth / peat◆fertile / infertile / poor soil / land / ground◆to dig the soil / mud / clay / land / earth / ground / peat◆to cultivate / till / fertilize / drain the soil / land / ground■ soil [uncountable, countable] the top layer of the earth in which plants grow 泥土；土壤◆Plant the seedlings in damp soil.把秧苗种在潮湿的土壤里。◆Cutting down forest trees can lead to serious soil erosion.砍伐森林会导致严重的水土流失。◆the study of rocks and soils对岩石和土壤的研究 see also soil ⇨ floor 1 ■ mud [uncountable] wet soil that is soft and sticky 泥；淤泥；泥浆◆The car wheels got stuck in the mud.汽车轮子陷在淤泥里了。◆Your boots are covered in mud.你的靴子上都是泥。◆They live in mud huts with grass roofs.他们住的是茅草铺顶的土坯屋。 see also muddy ⇨ dirty ■ dust [uncountable] a fine powder that consists of very small pieces of rock, earth, etc. 沙土；尘土◆A cloud of dust rose as the truck set off.卡车开走时扬起一片沙尘。◆They rolled in the dust, fighting.他们在沙土里翻滚打架。◆The workers wear masks to stop them from inhaling the dust.工人戴着面罩以免吸入尘土。▸ dusty adjective ◆They plodded along the dusty road.他们拖着沉重的脚步走在尘土飞扬的路上。■ clay [uncountable] a type of heavy sticky soil that becomes hard when it is baked and is used to make things such as pots and bricks 黏土；陶土◆Not much can grow in the wet clay here.在这里的湿黏土里种庄稼收成不多。◆She moulded the clay into the shape of a head.她把陶土做成一个人头的形状。■ land [uncountable] an area of ground, especially of a particular type （尤指某类型的）地带，土地◆an area of rich, fertile land一片丰腴的土地◆His family had worked the land for generations (= grown crops or raised animals on it).他家祖祖辈辈在这块土地上耕种。◆They own a small plot of land.他们拥有一小块土地。 see also land ⇨ floor 1 , land ⇨ land noun 1 2 ■ earth [uncountable] the substance that plants grow in 土；泥；泥土◆She put a couple of handfuls of earth into the pot.她将几把泥土装到花盆里。◆In the air was the smell of freshly dug earth.空气中弥漫着刚刚翻松过的泥土的气味。ⓘ Earth is often used to talk about the soil found in gardens or used for gardening. * earth常指花园里的土壤或园艺用土。 see also earth ⇨ floor 1 ▸ earthy adjective ◆earthy colours / smells泥土的颜色／气味■ dirt [uncountable] (especially NAmE) soil, especially loose soil 泥土；（尤指）松土，散土◆He picked up a handful of dry dirt.他抓起一把干土。◆Pack the dirt firmly around the plants.把植物周围的土培实。◆They lived in a shack with a dirt floor.他们住在一间土地面的棚屋里。■ ground [uncountable] an area of soil 土地◆Dig a hole in the ground about ten inches across.在地上挖一个宽约10英寸的坑。◆There was a small patch of ground at the side of the cottage.村舍旁边有一小片土地。ⓘ Ground is not used to talk about loose soil. * ground不指松土◆a handful of dry ground see also ground ⇨ floor 1 ■ peat [uncountable] a soft black or brown substance formed from decaying plants just under the surface of the ground, especially in cool wet areas. It can be used to improve garden soil or burned as a fuel. 泥煤；泥炭◆Dig some peat into the soil before planting.种植前把一些泥炭掺到土壤里。◆a peat bog (= the place where peat is naturally formed) 泥炭沼▸ peaty adjective ◆peaty soils泥炭土 brush verb ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ clean verb and ⇨ wipe 另见clean动词词条和wipe条brush ♦︎ scrub ♦︎ sweep ♦︎ dust ♦︎ comb ♦︎ groomThese words all mean to make sth clean or neat by using a brush, cloth or comb. 这些词均表示刷净、擦净或梳理整齐。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to brush / sweep / dust sth off / from sth◆to brush / sweep sth away◆to brush / comb your hair◆to scrub / sweep the floor◆to scrub / dust the table / surfaces◆to brush / scrub / sweep sth clean■ brush [transitive] to clean, polish or make sth smooth with a brush; to remove sth from a surface with a brush or your hand （用刷子）刷净，刷亮，刷平顺；（用刷子或手）拂，掸，擦掉◆to brush your hair / teeth / shoes梳头发；刷牙；刷鞋◆The non-slip surface is easy to brush clean.防滑表面很容易刷干净。◆He brushed the dirt off his jacket.他拂掉夹克衫上的灰尘。◆She brushed the fly away.她挥手赶走了苍蝇。▸ brush noun [singular] ◆to give your hair / teeth a good brush好好梳一梳头发／刷刷牙■ scrub (-bb-) [transitive, intransitive] to clean sth by rubbing it hard, often with a brush and usually with soap and water 擦洗；刷洗◆She scrubbed the counters down with bleach.她用漂白剂把柜台擦洗干净。◆The woman scrubbed at her face with a tissue.那女人用纸巾擦脸。▸ scrub noun [singular] ◆I've given the floor a good scrub.我把地板彻底擦洗了一遍。■ sweep (swept, swept) [transitive] to clean a room or surface using a broom (= a type of brush with a long handle); to remove sth from a surface with a brush or your hand 打扫；清扫；扫除◆to sweep the floor / street / stairs清扫地板／街道／楼梯◆She swept the crumbs into the wastebasket.她把面包屑扫进废纸篓里了。◆He swept the leaves up into a pile.他把树叶扫成了一堆。■ dust [intransitive, transitive] to clean furniture or a room by removing dust from surfaces with a cloth; to remove dirt from a surface with your hands or a brush 擦去⋯的灰尘；擦灰；掸去；擦去◆I broke the vase while I was dusting.我擦灰时把花瓶打碎了。◆Could you dust the sitting room?你把起居室擦一擦好吗？◆She dusted some ash from her sleeve.她掸去了袖子上的灰。■ comb / /kəʊm; NAmE koʊm/ [transitive] to pull a comb through your hair in order to make it neat 梳，梳理（头发）◆Don't forget to comb your hair.别忘了梳一下头发。▸ comb noun [singular] ◆Your hair needs a good comb.你的头发得好好梳理一下。■ groom /gruːm/ / [transitive] to clean or brush an animal 擦洗，刷洗（动物）◆to groom a horse / dog / cat刷洗马／狗／猫▸ grooming noun [uncountable] ◆Grooming is a vital part of caring for your dog.照看狗的重要一环是给它刷洗。 |