| 例句 |
rotten adj.
⇨ rotten (rotten eggs) ⇨ corrupt (The organization is rotten to the core.) ⇨ incompetent (a rotten singer) rotten adjective ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ smelly 另见smelly条rotten ♦︎ stale ♦︎ sour ♦︎ mouldy ♦︎ bad ♦︎ offThese words all describe food which is no longer fresh. 这些词均表示食物不新鲜的、腐烂的、腐败的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆rotten / stale / mouldy food◆rotten / bad eggs◆stale / mouldy bread◆to go rotten / stale / sour / mouldy / bad / off■ rotten (of natural things such as food or wood) that has decayed and cannot be eaten or used （食物或木头等天然的东西）腐烂的，腐败的，腐朽的◆The fruit is starting to go rotten.水果已经开始腐烂变质了。◆They pelted him with rotten eggs.他们向他扔臭鸡蛋。◆He stepped on a rotten floorboard and felt it give way.他踩到一块腐朽的地板，感觉它要陷下去了。■ stale (of food, especially bread and cake) no longer fresh and therefore unpleasant to eat （食物，尤指面包和糕点）不新鲜的◆There was one piece of stale chocolate cake left in the tin.烤盘里还剩一块不新鲜的巧克力蛋糕。 see also stale ⇨ smelly ■ sour (of milk or sb's breath) having an unpleasant taste or smell because it is not fresh （牛奶）酸腐的，馊的；（人的呼吸）难闻的◆The milk had turned sour.牛奶已经馊了。◆He smelled a sour whiff on the old man's breath.他闻到那老人呼吸中有股臭味儿。 see also sour ⇨ bitter 1 ■ mouldy (BrE) (NAmE moldy) /ˈməʊldi; NAmE ˈmoʊldi/ covered with or containing mould; old and not in good condition 发霉的；破旧的ⓘ Mould is a fine soft green, grey or black substance like fur that grows on old food or on objects that are left in warm wet air. * mould指霉菌◆The potatoes went mouldy before we'd had a chance to use them.我们还没来得及吃，那些土豆就发霉了。◆We threw away all the mouldy old furniture.我们把破旧家具全都扔了。■ bad (of food) not safe to eat because it has decayed （食物）变质的，腐烂的◆The meat had gone bad.这肉已经坏了。◆There was a smell of bad eggs.有一股臭鸡蛋的味道。■ off [not before noun] (BrE) (of food) no longer fresh enough to eat or drink （食物）不新鲜，变质◆The fish had gone off.这鱼已变质了。◆The milk smells off.这奶的味道不对劲。 corrupt adjective corrupt ♦︎ fraudulent ♦︎ unscrupulous ♦︎ dirty ♦︎ rotten ♦︎ crooked ♦︎ unprincipled ♦︎ amoralThese words all describe people who are willing to do dishonest or illegal things for their own advantage. 这些词均表示贪污的、腐败的、营私舞弊的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆corrupt / fraudulent / unscrupulous / unprincipled / amoral behaviour◆corrupt / fraudulent / unscrupulous / dirty dealings◆corrupt / fraudulent / unscrupulous practices◆a corrupt / rotten / crooked system◆a corrupt / an unscrupulous / a crooked businessman / lawyer / politician◆thoroughly / totally corrupt / unscrupulous / amoral■ corrupt / /kəˈrʌpt/ / (disapproving) (of people) willing to use their power to do dishonest or illegal things in return for money or to get an advantage; (of behaviour) dishonest or immoral （人）贪污的，受贿的，腐败的；（行为）不诚实的，不道德的◆It was seen as the only way to overthrow a corrupt regime.这被视为推翻腐败政权的唯一方法。■ fraudulent / /ˈfrɔːdjələnt; NAmE ˈfrɔːdʒələnt/ (formal) intended to deceive sb, usually in order to make money illegally 欺骗的；欺诈的◆Steps are being taken to crack down on fraudulent advertising.正在采取措施打击虚假广告。◆The number of fraudulent insurance claims has risen.保险骗赔的数量有所上升。ⓘ Fraudulent is used more often to talk about things or actions, rather than a person. It is a more neutral, descriptive term than most of the other words in the group, which are disapproving. Typical collocates are claim, statement, use and trading. * fraudulent多用于形容事件或行为，而不是形容人。相对而言，本组其他词大多为贬义，而fraudulent是较为中性、描述性的词，主要与claim、statement、use和trading搭配。 see also fraud ⇨ fraud 1 ▸ fraudulently adverb ◆She was charged with fraudulently obtaining a bank loan.她被指控从银行骗贷。■ unscrupulous /ʌnˈskruːpjələs/ / (rather formal, disapproving) (of people) willing to do dishonest or illegal things in return for money or to get an advantage; (of behaviour) dishonest or immoral （人）贪污的，受贿的，腐败的；（行为）不诚实的，不道德的◆The new law will give unscrupulous landlords an easy way of getting rid of people.新法律将使得无良的房东很容易撵人。 OPP scrupulous ⇨ good 5 see also scruple ⇨ doubt noun 2 NOTE 辨析 Corrupt or unscrupulous? Corrupt is often used to talk about the authorities or a system and people who work for them. Typical collocates are regime, system and official. Common collocations of unscrupulous are mainly connected with people and their work, especially those who manage their own businesses: dealer, employer, landlord, lender, operator, people, politician, dealings and practices. * corrupt常用于形容官方机构或体制，以及里面的人员，常与regime、system和official搭配。unscrupulous的常见搭配主要与人和他们的工作相关，尤其是自营生意者，搭配词有dealer、employer、landlord、lender、operator、people、politician、dealings和practices。■ dirty [usually before noun] (informal, disapproving) unpleasant or dishonest 令人厌恶的；卑鄙的；不诚实的◆You dirty liar!你这个卑鄙的骗子！◆She's a dirty player.她是个没有体育道德的运动员。◆He always gets someone else to do the dirty work for him (= tasks which are unpleasant because they involve being dishonest or unkind to people).他总是让别人替他做卑鄙的勾当。ⓘ Collocates of dirty in this meaning include play, player, work and job. 表达此义时，dirty的搭配词有play、player、work和job。▸ dirty adverb ◆We would have won if the other team hadn't played dirty (= cheated).要不是对方球队使诈犯规，我们本来能赢的。■ rotten [not usually before noun] (informal, disapproving) (of systems and organizations) corrupt （体制或组织）腐败◆The organization is rotten to the core.这个组织腐败透顶。■ crooked / /ˈkrʊkɪd/ / (rather informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻 (disapproving) (especially of people doing business) dishonest （尤指做生意的人）不诚实的，欺诈的◆The president has vowed to jail crooked executives.总统誓要将奸诈的高管人员送进监狱。■ unprincipled (rather formal, especially written, disapproving) without moral principles; not caring about right and wrong 不道德的；不分是非的◆She saw him as an unprincipled opportunist.她认为他是一个不道德的投机分子。 OPP principled ⇨ good 5 see also principle ⇨ principle 1 ■ amoral /ˌeɪˈmɒrəl; NAmE ˌeɪˈmɔːrəl, ˌeɪˈmɑːrəl/ (rather formal, especially written, sometimes disapproving) showing that you do not care about right and wrong 不分是非的◆She had led them to believe that she shared their amoral values.她已经让他们相信她与他们有着共同的不分是非的价值观了。 OPP moral ⇨ good 5 see also morals ⇨ principle 1 NOTE 辨析 Unprincipled or amoral? Unprincipled is mostly used to describe people. * unprincipled主要用来描述人◆an unprincipled charlatan / creature / opportunist / scoundrel不道德的骗子／人／投机分子／恶棍 Amoral is used more to describe people's attitudes and behaviour. Typical collocates are behaviour, society, attitude and values. * amoral多用于描述人的态度和行为，常见搭配词有behaviour、society、attitude和value。 incompetent adjective incompetent ♦︎ bad ♦︎ rotten ♦︎ poor ♦︎ inept ♦︎ useless ♦︎ inadequateThese words all describe sb who does not have the skill or ability to do a task as it should be done. 这些词均形容人无能力的、不胜任的、不称职的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆bad / rotten / poor / inept / useless at sth◆an incompetent / a bad / a rotten / a poor / a useless teacher / driver◆a bad / a rotten / a useless / an inadequate mother / father / parent◆hopelessly incompetent / inept / inadequate◆completely / totally incompetent / useless / inadequate◆very bad / poor / inept / inadequate■ incompetent / /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtənt; NAmE ɪnˈkɑːmpɪtənt/ (rather formal) not having the skill or ability to do your job or a task as it should be done 无能力的；不胜任的；不称职的◆She worked for years under an incompetent manager.她在一名不称职的经理手下工作了多年。◆They criticized his incompetent handling of the affair.他们批评了他在处理这件事上的无能表现。OPP competent ⇨ good 4 see also incompetent ⇨ loser noun 2 ▸ incompetence noun [uncountable] ◆government / police incompetence政府／警方的无能■ bad (especially spoken) not good or skilled at sth 不擅长的；不熟练的◆I would be a really bad teacher－I've no patience.我做老师可能会很不称职－我没有耐心。◆He's a bad loser (= he complains when he loses a game).他是个输不起的人。◆She is so bad at keeping secrets.她一点都不会保守秘密。 OPP good ⇨ good 4 ▸ badly adverb ◆He plays really badly.他表演得确实很差。■ rotten [usually before noun] (informal) very bad at sth 差劲的；拙劣的◆She's a rotten singer.她是个蹩脚的歌手。◆I've always been rotten at maths.我的数学一向很糟。 OPP great ⇨ good 4 ■ poor (rather formal) not good or skilled at sth 不擅长的；不熟练的◆Such a poor swimmer would not survive in that water for long.泳技这么差的人在那种水域里活不了很久。◆She's a good teacher but a poor manager.她长于教学，却拙于管理。OPP good ⇨ good 4 NOTE 辨析 Bad or poor? Poor is more formal than bad and is used more in written English. Bad is used more in spoken English. * poor比bad正式，较多用于书面语，bad较多用于口语。■ inept (rather formal) acting or done with no skill or judgement 缺乏技巧的；缺乏判断力的；笨拙的◆She was left feeling inept and inadequate.她被弄得自感笨拙无能。◆He made some particularly inept remarks.他说了一些特别蠢的话。ⓘ Inept is usually used to talk about sb's lack of social skills. * inept通常形容人缺乏社交技巧。▸ ineptitude /ɪˈneptɪtjuːd; NAmE ɪˈneptɪtuːd/ noun [uncountable] ◆the ineptitude of the police in handling the situation警方在处理这个局面时的无能■ useless (informal) very bad at sth; not able to do things well 差劲的；不行的；不擅长的◆I'm useless at French.我的法语不太行。◆Don't ask her to help. She's useless.别求她帮忙。她没那个能耐。NOTE 辨析 Rotten or useless? Rotten is used most often before a noun such as businessman, cook, driver, husband or wife; useless is more often used in the phrase useless at sth. * rotten最常用在businessman、cook、driver、husband、wife等名词前；useless最常用在短语useless at sth中◆useless at football / your job / remembering names不擅长足球；工作上无能；记不住名字Someone who is not able to do things well in general can be described as useless, but not 'rotten'. 笼统地形容人办事不力用useless，不用rotten◆Don't ask her to help. She's rotten. ■ inadequate /ɪnˈædɪkwət/ / not able, or not confident enough, to deal with a situation 不胜任的；缺乏信心的◆I felt totally inadequate as a parent.我觉得作为家长我完全不称职。ⓘ In this meaning, inadequate is usually used in the phrase to feel inadequate. When it comes before a noun, it usually describes a mother, father or parent. 表达此义时，inadequate通常用于短语to feel inadequate（感觉不称职）；另外也常用在名词前修饰mother、father或parent。 see also inadequate ⇨ inadequate |