| 例句 |
rate noun
⇨ rate 1 (the rate of change) ⇨ rate 2 (sb's rate of pay) ⇨ tax (business rates)rate verb
⇨ judge 1 (How did you rate it?) ⇨ rank (schools rated according to exam results)rate1 noun the rate of change 变动率sb's rate of pay 某人的薪资rate ♦︎ speed ♦︎ pace ♦︎ momentum ♦︎ tempoThese are all words for a measurement of how quickly sth happens or is done. 这些词均表示速度、进度。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆at a ... rate / speed / pace◆a fast / slow / steady rate / speed / pace◆a high rate / speed◆to increase the rate / speed / pace / momentum / tempo◆to gather speed / pace / momentum◆to gain / lose / pick up speed / momentum◆to slow the rate / speed / pace of sth◆to reduce the rate / speed of sth◆to maintain the rate / speed / pace / momentum◆to measure the rate / speed / momentum◆the rate / speed / pace / tempo increases◆the rate / speed / pace slows◆a change of speed / pace / tempo◆the rate / speed / pace / momentum of change■ rate [countable] a measurement of how quickly sth happens or of the number of times sth happens during a particular period 速度；比率；率◆At the rate you're working, you'll never finish!以你工作的速度，你永远也做不完！◆There has been a fall in the rate of inflation.通货膨胀率有所下降。◆The birth rate was falling during this period.这段时期出生率在下降。◆The number of reported crimes is increasing at an alarming rate.报案数量正以惊人速度上升。◆Local businesses are closing at the rate of three a year.地方企业正在以每年三家的速度关闭。◆the annual crime / divorce rate年犯罪率；年离婚率◆a high success / failure rate很高的成功率／失败率■ speed [countable, uncountable] the rate at which sb/sth moves or travels or sth happens or is done （运动或事情发生的）速度，速率；进度◆We travelled at an average speed of about 80 kph.我们以每小时约80公里的平均速度前进。◆at full / top speed以全速；以最高速◆She reduced speed before turning the corner.转弯前，她减慢了速度。◆The classes are designed to let students progress at their own speed.这些课的设计思路是让学生自己掌握进度。◆We aim to increase the speed of delivery (= how quickly goods are sent).我们力争提高送货速度。 see also speed ⇨ speed ■ pace [singular, uncountable] the speed at which sb/sth walks, runs or moves; the speed at which sth happens; the fact of sth happening or changing quickly （行走、移动或事情发生的）速度；快速变动；快节奏◆We set off at a leisurely pace.我们以悠闲的步子出发。◆Traffic was reduced to walking pace.车流的速度降低到如步行一般缓慢。◆I prefer the more relaxed pace of life in the country.我喜欢乡间较为悠闲的生活节奏。◆He gave up his job in advertising because he couldn't stand the pace (= things happened and changed too fast for him) 他辞去了广告业的工作，因为他承受不了那种快节奏。◆The novel lacks pace (= it develops too slowly).这部小说节奏太缓慢。■ momentum /məˈmentəm; NAmE moʊˈmentəm/ [uncountable] the ability to keep increasing or developing; a force that is gained by movement 发展的动力；势头；冲力◆This deal adds fresh momentum to plans for a new rail link.这项交易为新铁路线的规划注入了新的动力。◆There was an unstoppable momentum towards German reunification.德国的重新统一势不可挡。◆The vehicle gained momentum as the road dipped.那辆车顺着向下的坡道越跑冲力越大。■ tempo (plural tempos) [countable, uncountable] (written) the speed of any movement or activity （运动或活动的）速度，节奏◆They soon adapted to the slower tempo of life on the island.他们很快适应了岛上较慢的生活节奏。 see also tempo ⇨ rhythm rate2 noun the rate of change 变动率sb's rate of pay 某人的薪资 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ price noun 另见price名词词条rate ♦︎ charge ♦︎ fee ♦︎ rent ♦︎ fine ♦︎ fare ♦︎ terms ♦︎ dues ♦︎ toll ♦︎ rentalThese are all words for an amount of money that is charged or paid for sth. 这些词均表示价格、费用。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a rate / a charge / a fee / rent / a fine / the fare / the terms / dues / a toll / the rental for sth◆a rate / a charge / a fee / rent / a toll / the rental on sth◆at a rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / rental of...◆for a charge / fee◆(a / an) annual / monthly rate / charge / fee / rent / dues / rental◆(a) daily rate / charge / fee / rent / rental◆(a) reasonable rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / terms / toll / rental◆(a) high / low rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / toll / rental◆(a) fixed rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / terms / rental◆(a) flat rate / charge / fee / fare◆the full rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / toll / rental◆to pay a rate / a charge / a fee / rent / a fine / a fare / your dues / a toll / the rental◆to charge a rate / a fee / rent / a fare / dues / a toll / rental◆to increase / reduce the rate / charge / fee / rent / fine / fare / dues / toll■ rate [countable] a fixed amount of money that is asked or paid for sth 价格；费用◆The job has a very low hourly rate of pay.这个工作时薪很低。◆We offer special reduced rates for students.我们对学生有特惠价格。◆What is the going rate (= the usual level of payment) for bar work?在酒吧工作一般工资多少？◆We were forced to borrow the money at an extortionately high rate of interest.我们被迫借高利贷。◆The bank has announced a cut in interest rates.银行已宣布降息。 see also rates ⇨ tax ■ charge [countable] an amount of money that is asked for goods or services （商品或服务的）要价，收费◆We have to make a small charge for refreshments.我们得收取些许茶点费。◆Delivery is free of charge (= costs nothing).免费送货。◆ (BrE) The museum has introduced a £3 admission charge.那家博物馆开始收取3英镑的入场费。 see also charge ⇨ charge verb ■ fee [countable] (rather formal) an amount of money that you have to pay for professional advice or services, to go to a school or college, join an organization or visit a place 专业服务费；咨询费；学费；会费；参观费◆The family spent over £20 000 on legal fees.那个家庭支付了20 000多英镑的诉讼费。◆Does the bank charge a fee for setting up the account?在这家银行开立账户要收费吗？◆Club members pay an annual membership fee of £775.俱乐部会员每年支付775英镑的会费。◆ (especially BrE) There is no entrance fee to the gallery.该美术馆不收入场费。◆ (especially NAmE) an admission fee入场费 see also subscription ⇨ payment NOTE 辨析 Charge or fee? Fee can represent a larger amount of money than charge, especially in the combinations legal fees and school fees. Charge is used for smaller services in less formal or professional contexts. * fee可指比charge更大的金额，legal fees和school fees尤其如此。charge指没那么正式的场合或不那么专业的小型服务机构收取的费用◆We have to charge a small fee for refreshments. Money that you pay to visit a place such as a museum is called an admission charge or entrance fee in British English, an admission fee or (less frequently) entrance fee in American English, (but never an 'entrance charge'). 博物馆等场所向参观者收取的入场费在英式英语中称为admission charge或entrance fee，在美式英语中称为admission fee或没那么常用的entrance fee，但从不用entrance charge。 ■ rent [uncountable, countable] an amount of money that you regularly have to pay for use of a building or room （建筑物或房屋的）租金◆The landlord charged them a month's rent in advance.房东预先收取了他们一个月的租金。◆ (BrE) They began falling behind with their rent (= paying it late or not at all).他们开始拖欠房租。◆ (NAmE) They began falling behind in their rent.他们开始拖欠房租。◆Rents are rising in the business district.商业区的租金在上涨。■ fine [countable] a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule 罚金；罚款◆a parking fine违规停车罚款◆Offenders will be liable to a heavy fine (= one that costs a lot of money).违者须付巨额罚金。◆She has already paid over $2 000 in fines.她已经交了2 000多元罚金。 see also fine ⇨ charge verb ■ fare [countable] the money that you pay to travel by bus, plane, taxi, etc. （车船、飞机等交通工具的）票价◆Fares have been increased by 10%.票价已经上调了10%。◆a bus / taxi / rail / air fare公共汽车票价；出租车费；火车／飞机票价◆ (BrE) How much is the return / single fare?往返／单程票价是多少？◆ (NAmE) Round-trip fare from New York to Cincinnati is $229.从纽约到辛辛那提的往返车费是229美元。◆ (NAmE) one-way fare单程票价■ terms [plural] conditions that you agree when you buy, sell or pay for sth; a price or cost （交易的）条件；价钱；费用◆to buy sth on easy terms (= paying for it over a long period) 分期付款购买◆My terms are £20 a lesson.我每教一课收费20英镑。 see also terms ⇨ condition ■ dues [plural] an amount of money that you have to pay so that you can be a member of an organization 会费◆He had not paid his trade union dues for six months.他已经六个月未缴纳工会会费了。 see also subscription ⇨ payment ■ toll /təʊl; NAmE toʊl/ [countable] an amount of money that you have to pay to use a particular road or bridge （道路或桥梁的）通行费◆She took enough money to pay for motorway tolls and ferry tickets.她带了足够的钱支付高速公路通行费和船票。◆a toll road / bridge收费道路／桥梁ⓘ In American English, a toll is also a charge for a telephone call that is calculated at a higher rate than a local call. 在美式英语中，toll亦指长途电话费◆ (NAmE) Is San Jose to San Mateo a toll call?(= Do I have to pay extra for this call? Is it not a local call?) 从圣何塞打电话到圣马特奥属于长途吗？ ■ rental [uncountable, countable, usually singular] an amount of money that you have to pay to use sth for a particular period of time 租金◆Telephone charges include line rental.电话费包括线路租金。◆ (BrE) The weekly rental on the car was over £200.汽车每周租金超过200英镑。NOTE 辨析 Rent or rental? Rent is money paid to use a building or room; for other items use rental or rate. In American English rent verb is used in connection with cars, but the usual noun is rate. * rent指建筑物或房屋的租金，其他物品的租金用rental或rate。在美式英语中，动词rent用于与汽车有关的语境，但表达此义的名词通常用rate◆It costs us $300 a week to rent a car.我们每周租车要花费300元。◆The rate on the car was $300 a week.汽车每周的租金是300元。 tax noun tax ♦︎ duty ♦︎ customs ♦︎ tariff ♦︎ ratesThese are all words for money that you have to pay to the government. 这些词均表示税款。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a) tax / (a) duty / a tariff / rates on sth◆to pay an amount of money in tax / duty / customs / rates◆to pay tax / duty / customs / a tariff / rates◆to collect taxes / duties / rates◆to increase / raise / reduce taxes / duty / tariffs / rates◆to cut taxes / duties / rates◆to impose a tax / duty / a tariff◆to levy a tax / duty / rates◆to put a tax / duty on sth■ tax [countable, uncountable] money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services 税；税款◆The government had to raise taxes to pay for the war.政府不得不增加税收以支付战争款项。◆The middle classes are demanding tax cuts.中产阶级要求减税。◆There's no tax on cigarettes in some countries.有些国家不对香烟征税。◆The business makes £750 000 after tax.那家公司税后赚了75万英镑。ⓘ People pay tax according to their income and businesses pay tax according to their profits. Tax is also often paid on goods and services. 个人根据其收入缴税，公司根据其利润缴税，国家亦常对商品和服务征税◆income / sales / road / property tax所得税；销售税；公路税；财产税 ▸ tax verb [transitive] ◆Any interest payments are taxed as part of your income.任何利息所得被视为收入，要征税。◆His declared aim was to tax the rich.他宣布他的目的是向富人征税。■ duty [countable, uncountable] a tax that you pay on things that you buy, especially those that you bring into a country （消费）税；（尤指进口货物交纳的）关税◆The company has to pay customs duties on all imports.公司必须为所有进口商品缴纳关税。◆Duty on wine and beer has been increased.已提高了葡萄酒税和啤酒税。ⓘ Duty-free goods are goods that you can bring into a country without paying tax on them. * duty-free goods指免关税商品◆duty-free cigarettes免税香烟 ■ customs [plural] tax that is paid when goods are brought in from other countries 关税；进口税◆You must pay customs on all imports of alcohol.你必须为所有进口的酒缴纳关税。◆Imports from non-EU countries are subject to customs duty of 20 per cent.从非欧盟国家进口的商品须缴纳20%的关税。ⓘ Customs can also mean the government department that checks goods brought into a country and collects taxes on these goods; or the place at a port or airport where your bags are checked as you come into a country. * customs亦表示“海关部门”或港口、机场的“海关查验处”◆Customs have seized a large quantity of smuggled heroin.海关查获了大量走私的海洛因。◆We had to go through customs before we could leave the airport.我们在离开机场前必须要通过海关。 ■ tariff / /ˈtærɪf/ / [countable] a tax that is paid on goods coming into or going out of a country, often in order to protect industry from cheap imports 关税（常为保护国内工业免受廉价进口商品冲击而对出入境的货品征收的一种税）◆A general tariff was imposed on foreign imports.国外进口货物当时按普通税率征税。■ rates [plural](in Britain) a tax paid by businesses to a local authority for land and buildings that they use, and in the past also paid by anyone who owned a house （英国地方政府征收的）商业房地产税；（旧指）房产税◆Business rates are very high in the city centre.市中心的商业房产税很高。 see also rate ⇨ rate 2 judge1 verb judge by appearances 凭外表来判断judge a competition/judge sb guilty 担任比赛的裁判；判某人有罪estimatejudge distances/speedsjudge ♦︎ assess ♦︎ evaluate ♦︎ rate ♦︎ gauge ♦︎ size sb/sth upThese words all mean to form an opinion about sb/sth based on the information you have. 这些词均表示对某人或某事作出判断。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth as sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth on / according to sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sb / sth by sth◆to judge / assess / gauge sb / sth from sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate / gauge how...◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge what / whether...◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge the extent / significance / success / effectiveness / effect / impact of sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sth's progress / performance / quality / merits / potential◆to judge / assess / evaluate / size up the situation◆to judge / assess / gauge the mood / reaction◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sb / sth accurately / correctly◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth fairly / accordingly◆to judge / assess / evaluate sb / sth properly / objectively■ judge [intransitive, transitive] to form an opinion about sb/sth, based on the information you have 判断；断定；认为◆As far as I can judge, they are all to blame.依我看，他们都有责任。◆Judging from what he said, he was very disappointed.从他的话判断，他非常失望。◆I don't really think that you're in a position to judge.我倒觉得轮不到你来评判。◆You shouldn't judge by appearances (= form an opinion about sb / sth from the way they look).你不应凭外表来判断。◆You shouldn't judge her too harshly.你对她的评判不应太苛刻。◆They judged it wise to say nothing.他们认为不说为妙。 see also judgement ⇨ view 1 , judgemental ⇨ critical ■ assess / /əˈses/ / [transitive] to make a judgement about the nature, ability or quality of sb/sth, after watching or testing them and using your expert knowledge 评估，评定（性质、能力或质量）◆The new patient is assessed by the nursing staff.新病号由护理人员作出评估。◆I'd assess your chances of winning as pretty low.我估计你赢的可能性很小。◆The committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving.该委员会负责评定一栋建筑物是否值得保存。 see also assess ⇨ test verb 2 , assessment ⇨ assessment ■ evaluate / /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ / [transitive] to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of sth after studying it carefully 评价，评估（数量、价值或质量）◆Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.我们的研究试图对不同药物的疗效进行评估。◆We need to evaluate how well the system is working.我们需要对这个系统的效果作出评价。 see also evaluation ⇨ assessment NOTE 辨析 Assess or evaluate?You usually assess sb/sth in order to make a judgement, often against a particular standard, to see if sb/sth is satisfactory. You usually evaluate sb/sth in order to understand it better so that more informed decisions can be made. Sometimes either word can be used. * assess通常指按照某种标准评价某人或某事是否令人满意。evaluate通常指为更好地理解某人或某事而对其进行评估，以便作出更有依据的决定。有时这两个词可以通用◆Candidates are assessed / evaluated on their ability to think independently.会对候选人的独立思考能力进行评估。In this example, a judgement is being made, but evaluate is often used in the context of people's performance in their jobs because it sounds more positive. In the context of students' performance in exams or class, however, the usual word is assess. 上面的例句所作的是一种评价。在评估人们工作表现的语境中常用evaluate，因为听起来更正面些。在评估学生考试成绩或课堂表现的语境中通常用assess。 see also assess ⇨ test verb 2 ■ rate [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to judge that sb/sth has a particular level of quality or value 评估；评价；估价◆How did you rate her speech?你怎样评价她的演讲？◆The university is highly rated for its research.这所大学的研究工作受到高度评价。◆Voters continue to rate education high on their list of priorities.选民继续把教育看作是头等大事之一。 see also rate ⇨ rank verb , rating ⇨ class 4 ■ gauge (NAmE also gage) / /geɪdʒ/ / [transitive] to form a judgement about sth, especially about people's feelings or attitudes 判定，判断（尤指人的感情或态度）◆He tried to gauge her mood.他试图揣摩她的心情。◆It was difficult to gauge whether she was angry or not.很难判断她是否在生气。 see also gauge ⇨ criterion noun ■ ˌsize sb/sth ˈup phrasal verb (rather informal) to form a judgement or opinion about sb/sth 估量；判断◆He sized up the situation very quickly.他很快就对形势作出了判断。◆The children looked at each other warily, as if sizing each other up.孩子们警惕地你看我，我看你，好像在估量对方。 rank verb rank ♦︎ rate ♦︎ grade ♦︎ place ♦︎ put ♦︎ orderThese words all mean to put things into a particular order, especially according to their quality. 这些词均表示划分等级，尤指根据质量划分。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to rank / rate / grade / order sb / sth according to sth◆to rank / grade (sb / sth) as sb / sth◆to rank / grade / order sb / sth by sth◆to rank / rate / place / put / order sb / sth above / below sb / sth◆to rank / rate / grade / place / put sb / sth in order of sth◆to rank / rate (sb / sth) with sb / sth◆to rank / rate / grade sb / sth for sth■ rank [transitive, intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to give sb/sth a particular position on a scale according to quality, size or performance; to have a position of this kind 把⋯分等级；属于⋯等级◆The criteria are ranked in order of importance.这些标准是根据其重要程度来作分类的。◆They both lost to top-ranked American players.他们俩都输给了一流的美国选手。◆The collection ranks among the finest in the country.那批收藏品位居全国最佳藏品之列。◆It now ranks as Japan's fourth largest market.它目前是日本的第四大市场。 see also ranking ⇨ class 4 ■ rate [transitive, usually passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to put sb/sth in a particular position on a scale in relation to similar people or things 划分等级；分等◆The schools are rated according to their exam results.这些学校的排名是按考试成绩来定的。◆She is currently rated number two in the world.她目前排名世界第二。 see also rate ⇨ judge verb 1 , rating ⇨ class 4 ■ grade [transitive, often passive] to arrange people or things into groups according to a quality they share （按特质）分级，分等，分类◆Eggs are graded from small to extra large.鸡蛋从小号到特大号分成不同等级。◆Responses were graded from 1 (very satisfied) to 5 (not at all satisfied).回答按1（非常满意）到5（完全不满意）分类。◆The grammar exercises are graded for difficulty.语法练习按难度分级。■ place [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to consider that sb/sth has a particular position or rank compared with other people or things （经比较）归类，划分，排名次◆I would place him among the top five tennis players in the world.我会把他排在世界顶尖网球选手的前五名。◆Nursing attracts people who place relationships high on their list of priorities.护理工作对重视人际关系的人具有吸引力。■ put (putting, put, put) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to place sb/sth in a particular position or rank 把⋯列为；把⋯归为◆I'd put her in the top rank of modern novelists.我认为她是一流的当代小说家。NOTE 辨析 Place or put?There is very little difference in meaning or use between these words; place can sometimes suggest a more carefully considered opinion than put. 这两个词在含义和用法上差别很小。place有时可暗指比put更慎重。 see also place , put ⇨ place verb ■ order [transitive, usually passive] (formal) to arrange things in a particular order （按照一定顺序）排列，安排◆The books are ordered alphabetically by title.这些书按书名的字母顺序排列。◆In the periodic table elements are ordered according to atomic number.元素周期表中各元素按原子序数排列。 see also order ⇨ series noun |