| 例句 |
reason noun
⇨ reason (the reason why…) ⇨ logic (listen to/see reason)reason verb
⇨ conclude reason noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ argument 2 另见argument条第2义reason ♦︎ explanation ♦︎ grounds ♦︎ basis ♦︎ excuse ♦︎ motive ♦︎ need ♦︎ justification ♦︎ cause ♦︎ pretextThese are all words for why sth has happened or sb has done sth. 这些词均表示原因、理由、理据。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a reason / an explanation / grounds / a basis / an excuse / a motive / a need / justification / cause / a pretext for sth◆the reason / motive behind sth◆on the grounds / basis / pretext of / that...◆the reason / grounds / basis / excuse / justification / pretext that...◆(an) obvious reason / explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / need / justification / cause / pretext◆(a) clear / legitimate reason / grounds / excuse / motive / need / justification / cause / pretext◆(a) logical / personal / no apparent reason / explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / need / justification / cause◆(a) good / valid reason / explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / justification / cause◆(a) convincing reason / explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / justification / pretext◆(a) reasonable explanation / grounds / excuse / motive / need / justification / cause / pretext◆the real reason / explanation / grounds / motive / justification / cause◆to have a reason / an explanation / grounds / an excuse / a motive / a justification / cause / a pretext◆to give / offer (sb) a reason / an explanation / an excuse / a justification / a pretext◆to suggest a reason / an explanation / grounds / a motive / a justification◆to see / understand / explain (the / sb's) reasons / grounds / motive / justification■ reason [countable, uncountable] why sth has happened or sb has done sth; a fact that makes it right or fair to do sth （某事发生或做某事的）原因；正当理由；情理◆I'd like to know the reason why you're so late.我想知道你为什么迟到那么长时间。◆He said no but he didn't give a reason.他说不行，但没有说明原因。◆We aren't going for the simple reason that we can't afford it.我们不去，只是因为我们负担不起。◆For some reason (= one that I don't know or don't understand) we all have to come in early tomorrow.由于某种原因，我们大家明天都得一早就来。◆For reasons of security the door is always kept locked.为安全起见，门总是锁着的。◆They have reason to believe that he is lying.他们有理由认为他在撒谎。◆She complained, with reason (= rightly), that she had been underpaid.她抱怨给她的报酬太低，这是有道理的。 see also reason ⇨ conclude verb , reasoned ⇨ rational ■ explanation [countable, uncountable] a statement, fact or situation that tells you why sth has happened; a reason given for sth 解释；说明；阐述◆The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed.最可能的解释是他的飞机晚点了。◆I can't think of any possible explanation for his absence.我想不出他缺席的任何理由。◆The book opens with an explanation of why some drugs are banned.本书开篇阐述了禁用某些药物的原因。◆She left the room abruptly without explanation.她未作解释就突然离开了房间。 see also explain ⇨ explain 2 ■ grounds [plural] (rather formal) a good or true reason for saying, doing or believing sth （说话、做事或相信某事的）充分的理由，根据◆You have no grounds for complaint.你没有理由抱怨。◆He retired from the job on health grounds.他因健康原因离职。◆Employers cannot discriminate on grounds of age.雇主不得有年龄歧视。■ basis [singular] (rather formal) the reason why people take a particular action 原因；缘由◆She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications and ideas.她因资质和理念适合而获选担任这一职位。◆On what basis will this decision be made?作出这个决定的缘由会是什么？ⓘ Basis is usually used in the phrases on the basis of/that... or On what basis...? * basis通常用于短语on the basis of/that ...或On what basis ...?。■ excuse / /ɪkˈskjuːs/ / [countable] a reason, either true or invented, that you give to explain or defend your behaviour; a good reason that you give for doing sth that you want to do for other reasons 借口；（真实或编造的）原因；（正当的）理由◆Late again! What's your excuse this time?又迟到了！你这次有什么借口？◆There's no excuse for such behaviour.这种行为说不过去。◆You don't have to make excuses for her (= try to think of reasons for her behaviour).你不必为她开脱了。◆It gave me an excuse to take the car.这使我有理由开车去。 see also excuse ⇨ forgive verb ■ motive / /ˈməʊtɪv; NAmE ˈmoʊtɪv/ [countable] a reason that explains sb's behaviour 动机；（解释某人行为的）原因◆There seemed to be no motive for the murder.这起谋杀案看似没有动机。◆I'm suspicious of his motives.我怀疑他的动机。◆I have an ulterior motive in offering to help you.我主动提出要帮助你是有私心的。 see also motivation ⇨ incentive ■ need [singular, uncountable] (usually used in negative statements 通常用于否定陈述) a good reason to do sth 需要；必须◆There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.你明天不必早起。◆I had no need to open the letter－I knew what it would say.我没必要拆开那封信－我知道里面会说些什么。ⓘ In this meaning, need is almost always used in the phrases There is/was no need (for sb) to do sth. and have no need to do sth. 表达此义时，need几乎总是用于短语There is/was no need (for sb) to do sth和have no need to do sth。■ justification /ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) a good reason why sth exists or is done （某事物存在或做某事的）正当理由◆I can see no possible justification for any further tax increases.我看不出还有何理由再加税。◆The government is struggling to find a justification for this war.政府在为这场战争竭力寻找理由。 see also justify ⇨ explain 2 NOTE 辨析 Grounds or justification? Justification is used to talk about finding or understanding reasons for actions, or trying to explain why it is a good idea to do sth. It is often used with words like little, no, some, every, without, and not any. Grounds is used more for talking about reasons that already exist, or that have already been decided, for example by law. * justification用于表示想知道或想明白为什么会这么做，或力图说明为什么应这么做，常与little、no、some、every、without和not any等词连用。grounds多指现成的理由，或已确定的根据，如法律上的◆moral / economic / constitutional / environmental / ethical / medical / legal grounds道德／经济／宪法／环境／伦理／医学／法律依据 ■ cause [uncountable] (rather formal) a reason for having particular feelings or behaving in a particular way （有某种感受或做某种行为的）理由，动机，缘故◆There is no cause for alarm / concern.没有理由惊慌／担忧。◆If your child is absent without good cause (= without a good reason), you may receive a warning from the school board.如果你的孩子无故缺席，你将收到校董事会的警告。■ pretext / /ˈpriːtekst/ / [countable, usually singular] (rather formal) a false reason that you give for doing sth, usually sth bad, in order to hide the real reason （为了掩盖真实原因的）借口，托词◆The incident was used as a pretext for intervention in the area.这次事件成了干涉该地区的借口。◆He left the party early on the pretext of having work to do.他借口有事要处理，早早离开了聚会。 logic noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ reasoning 另见reasoning条logic ♦︎ rationality ♦︎ reasonThese are all words for a way of thinking about or explaining sth that is based on logical thought rather than on emotions. 这些词均表示理性的思维方式或解释方式。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the logic / rationality / reason in sth◆strict logic / rationality◆commercial / economic / scientific logic / rationality◆to see (the) logic / reason◆to defy logic / reason◆a lack of logic / rationality / reason■ logic / /ˈlɒdʒɪk; NAmE ˈlɑːdʒɪk/ [uncountable, singular] a way of thinking about or explaining sth; sensible reasons for doing sth （思维或阐述的）逻辑；（做某事的）道理◆I fail to see the logic behind his argument.我不明白他所说的有什么道理。◆There is a compelling logic to her main theory.她的主要理论说理透彻令人信服。 see also logical ⇨ rational ■ rationality /ˌræʃəˈnæləti/ / [uncountable] (rather formal) a way of thinking or behaving that is based on logical thought rather than on emotions and feelings （思想或行为的）合理性；理性◆The concept of scientific rationality is crucial to modern thinking.科学理性这一概念对于现代思维来说至关重要。 see also rational ⇨ rational ■ reason [uncountable] a way of thinking that is sensible and logical 理性思维；道理；情理◆I can't get her to listen to reason.我跟她讲道理她听不进去。◆I'm willing to do anything－within reason－to get my case heard.为了使我的案子得到审理，只要是合理的事我都愿意做。◆It stands to reason (= any sensible person would agree) that people leave if you don't pay them enough.这是明摆着的事：报酬不够多，他们就会走人。 see also reasonable ⇨ reasonable conclude verb conclude ♦︎ understand ♦︎ figure ♦︎ infer ♦︎ deduce ♦︎ gather ♦︎ reason ♦︎ read sth into sthThese words all mean to decide or believe sth according to the evidence or information that you have. 这些词均表示根据已有证据或信息认定、推断、推论。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to conclude / understand / figure / infer / deduce / gather / reason from sth◆to conclude / understand / figure / infer / deduce / gather sth about sth◆to conclude / understand / figure / infer / deduce / gather / reason that...◆to figure / deduce what / how / who / why...◆It is concluded / understood / inferred / deduced / reasoned that...◆It can be concluded / inferred / deduced that...■ conclude [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to decide or believe sth on the basis of the information that you have 断定；推断出；得出结论◆What do you conclude from that?你从中得出什么结论？◆The report concluded that the cheapest option was to close the laboratory.这份报告认为最省钱的做法是关闭实验室。■ understand (understood, understood) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (rather formal) to think or believe that sth is true because you have been told that it is 得知；据信；认为◆Am I to understand that you refuse?你的意思是你拒绝了？◆The prime minister is understood to have been extremely angry about the report.据说首相对这份报告大为恼火。 see also understanding ⇨ definition ■ figure [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (rather informal) to think or decide that sth will happen or is true 认为，认定（某事将发生或属实）◆I figured (that) if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning.我认为，如果我坐夜班火车，早上就可以到苏格兰。◆There was only one thing to do, he figured.他认为只有一件事可以做。■ infer / /ɪnˈfɜː(r)/ / (-rr-) [transitive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) to form an opinion or decide that sth is true using evidence and reasoning, not statements of fact 推断；推论；推理◆Much of the meaning can be inferred from the context.大部分含义可以从上下文中推断。◆It is reasonable to infer that the government knew all about this.有理由推想政府对所有这一切是知情的。■ deduce /dɪˈdjuːs; NAmE dɪˈduːs/ [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to find out a fact or the answer to a question using evidence and reasoning 推论；推断；演绎◆We can deduce a lot from what people spend their money on.我们可以从人们把钱花在什么地方推断出许多事情。NOTE 辨析 Infer or deduce?In many cases, you can use either of these words, but there can be a slight difference in meaning: sth that you infer is probably true, considering the evidence available; sth that you deduce logically has to be true, considering the facts. 在许多情况下这两个词可通用，但意思略有不同：infer是根据现有证据推断某事可能属实；deduce是根据事实从逻辑上推断某事必然如此。■ gather [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (rather informal, especially spoken) to think or believe that sth is true because you have been told that it is 得知；据信；认为◆I gather you wanted to see me.我猜你想见我。◆'There's been a delay.' 'So I gather.'“已经耽搁了。”“我也这么认为。”◆As far as I can gather, he got involved in a fight.据我了解，他卷入了一场斗争。◆From what they could gather, there had been some kind of problem back at the base.从他们了解的情况看，事情的根源出了点问题。NOTE 辨析 Understand or gather?Both of these words are often used in spoken English, but understand is more formal than gather. Gather can suggest greater activity than understand: what you understand is what you have been told, usually without asking; what you gather is either what you have been told, or what you have found out by asking people. Gather, but not understand, is often used with can/could. 这两个词均常用于口语，但understand比gather正式。相比understand，gather意味着付出更多的努力才得知信息：understand表示所知悉的情况是别人告知的，通常不用主动询问；gather表示所知悉的情况可能是别人告知的，也可能是主动打听到的。gather，而非understand，常和can/could连用◆As far as I can understand... ◆From what they could understand... ■ reason [transitive, intransitive] to form a judgement about sth by considering the facts and using your power to think in a logical way 推理；推论；推断◆They reasoned, correctly, that the enemy would not attempt an attack at night.他们作出了正确推断，敌人不会企图发动夜袭。 see also reason ⇨ reason noun , reasoned ⇨ rational , reasoning ⇨ reasoning ■ ˌread sth ˈinto sth phrasal verb (read, read)to conclude that sth has a particular meaning, especially when you think it means more than it really does 过度解读；对⋯作过多理解◆Yes, he's going over to talk to her, but don't read too much into it.是的，他要过去和她谈谈，但不要想太多。 |