| 例句 |
redundant adj.
⇨ unemployed (redundant workers) ⇨ unnecessary (redundant information) ⇨ make sb redundant ⇨ fire verb unemployed adjective unemployed ♦︎ jobless ♦︎ out of work ♦︎ redundant ♦︎ on the dole ♦︎ on welfareThese words all describe people who do not have a job. 这些词均表示失业的、无工作的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆unemployed / jobless people◆unemployed / redundant workers◆currently / still unemployed / out of work◆newly unemployed / redundant◆the long-term unemployed / jobless■ unemployed without a job although able to work 失业的；待业的；下岗的◆How long have you been unemployed?你失业多久了？◆He's an unemployed builder.他是个失业的建筑工人。 see also be employed ⇨ work verb 2 ▸ the unemployed noun [plural] ◆We're working on a programme to get the long-term unemployed back to work.我们正致力于一个让长期失业者重新就业的计划。■ jobless (journalism 新闻) unemployed 失业的；无工作的◆The closure left 500 people jobless.这次倒闭使500人失业。ⓘ Jobless is used, especially in journalism, to talk about unemployed people as a group; it is not used to talk about individual unemployed people. * jobless尤用于新闻报道，指作为一个群体的失业者，不用以指个别的失业者◆How long have you been jobless? ■ ˌout of ˈwork unemployed 失业；无工作◆She had been out of work for a year.她已经失业一年了。 see also be in work ⇨ work verb 2 NOTE 辨析 Unemployed or out of work? Out of work is used more in everyday conversation, especially when you are talking about a particular person. It can sound less permanent than unemployed, and is therefore a gentler term to use. * out of work多用于日常会话，尤用以指特定的某个人的状况，听上去不如unemployed所指的失业时间久，因此是个较温和的说法。■ redundant / /rɪˈdʌndənt/ / (BrE) without a job because there is no more work available for you in a company 被裁减的◆I've been expecting to be made redundant for a year now.一年来我一直等着被裁减。 see also make sb redundant ⇨ fire verb ■ ˌon the ˈdole (BrE, informal) without a job and claiming money from the state 领失业救济金◆He's been on the dole for a year.他领失业救济金已经一年了。ⓘ A more formal way of saying on the dole is claiming social security/unemployment benefit. 较on the dole更为正式的说法是claim social security/unemployment benefit。■ ˌon ˈwelfare (especially NAmE) without a job and claiming money from the state 领社会保障金◆They would rather work than live on welfare.他们宁愿工作而不愿靠社会保障金过活。 see also welfare ⇨ aid unnecessary adjective unnecessary ♦︎ redundant ♦︎ needless ♦︎ avoidable ♦︎ preventable ♦︎ expendableThese words all describe things that are not needed or can be avoided. 这些词均表示不需要的、不必要的、可以避免的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an unnecessary / a needless / an avoidable / a preventable death◆unnecessary / needless / avoidable risk / suffering / distress◆unnecessary / needless duplication / waste / anxiety◆an unnecessary / an avoidable / a preventable accident◆an unnecessary / avoidable cost / delay◆largely unnecessary / redundant / preventable◆entirely unnecessary / avoidable / preventable◆completely / totally unnecessary / redundant◆easily avoidable / preventable■ unnecessary / /ʌnˈnesəsəri; NAmE ʌnˈnesəseri/ not needed; more than is needed 不需要的；不必要的；多余的◆Our first priority is to reduce unnecessary expense.我们的头等大事是减少不必要的花费。◆They were found guilty of causing unnecessary suffering to animals.他们因虐待动物而被判有罪。◆All this fuss is totally unnecessary.这场纷扰是完全可以避免的。ⓘ Unnecessary is often used to talk about how much money people are spending when they don't actually need to * unnecessary常用来表示人们花了多少钱，而实际上并不需要花那么多◆(an) unnecessary expense / expenditure / cost / luxury不必要的花费／开销／费用／奢侈品or how much pain or inconvenience they suffer when they don't need to. 或表示人们遭受了多少不必要的痛苦或不便◆unnecessary pain / suffering / hardship / delay / complication / difficulty / fuss / anxiety / worry不必要的痛苦／苦难／艰辛／延误／困难／难处／纷扰／焦虑／担心 OPP necessary ⇨ necessary ▸ unnecessarily adverb ◆There's no point worrying him unnecessarily.没有必要让他过于担心。■ redundant /rɪˈdʌndənt/ / (rather formal, especially written) not needed or useful 多余的；不需要的；无用的◆There's a lot of redundant information that you could cut out here.这里有许多可以删掉的不必要的信息。■ needless (rather formal, especially written) that could or should have been avoided 不必要的；应当避免的◆The report caused needless anxiety to hundreds of women.报告引起了数百名妇女不必要的焦虑。◆Banning smoking would prevent needless deaths.禁止吸烟可以防止不必要的死亡。ⓘ Needless is used especially to describe death, suffering, anxiety, fuss, risk and waste. Needless often suggests a sense either of regret or of criticism. * needless尤用来修饰death、suffering、anxiety、fuss、risk和waste，往往暗含遗憾或批评之意。▸ needlessly adverb ◆Many soldiers died needlessly.许多战士无谓地牺牲了。■ avoidable (rather formal) that can be prevented 可以避免的；可以防止的◆Many deaths from heart disease are actually avoidable.许多因心脏病造成的死亡实际上是可以避免的。 OPP unavoidable ⇨ inevitable ■ preventable (rather formal) that can be prevented 可以避免的；可以防止的◆Each year some 14 million young children die of preventable diseases.每年大约有1 400万幼儿死于可以防止的疾病。NOTE 辨析 Avoidable or preventable? Preventable is mainly used to talk about medical conditions and accidents. * preventable一般修饰疾病和事故◆a preventable death / disease / illness / infection / accident可以避免的死亡；可以防止的疾病／感染／事故 Avoidable appears in a wider range of general collocations but is not used to talk about medical conditions. 与avoidable搭配的词范围更广，更普遍，但avoidable不能修饰疾病◆(an) avoidable death / accident / risk / delay / cost / suffering / distress可以避免的死亡／事故／风险／延误／费用／痛苦／忧虑◆avoidable diseases/illnesses ■ expendable (rather formal, especially business 尤用于商业) if you consider people or things to be expendable, you think that you can get rid of them when they are no longer needed, or think it is acceptable if they are killed or destroyed 可牺牲的；可消耗的；可毁灭的◆It is a sad moment when you realize you are expendable in your job.认识到自己在工作中是可以牺牲掉的，这一刻真让人悲哀。 fire verb fire ♦︎ lay sb off ♦︎ dismiss ♦︎ sack ♦︎ axe ♦︎ make sb redundant ♦︎ let sb go ♦︎ discharge ♦︎ give sb/get the sackThese words all mean to officially remove sb from their job. 这些词均表示解雇、免职、开除。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to fire sb / lay sb off / dismiss sb / sack sb / make sb redundant / discharge sb / get the sack from a job◆to fire sb / dismiss sb / sack sb / give sb the sack for sth◆to fire / lay off / dismiss / sack / axe staff / workers / employees◆to make staff / workers / employees redundant◆to let staff / employees go◆to make jobs / posts / positions redundant◆to axe jobs / posts / positions◆to get fired / laid off / dismissed / sacked / made redundant◆to be unfairly / summarily fired / dismissed / sacked◆to be wrongfully fired / dismissed■ fire [transitive, often passive] (NAmE or rather informal, BrE) to officially remove sb from their job 解雇；免职；开除◆We had to fire him for dishonesty.他不诚实，我们不得不开除他。◆She got fired from her first job.她第一份工作就被解雇了。◆He was responsible for hiring and firing employees.他负责招聘和辞退员工。 OPP hire ⇨ employ ■ ˌlay sb ˈoff phrasal verb (laid, laid) [often passive] to stop employing sb, often for a temporary period, because there is not enough work for them to do （因工作不多而暂时）解雇◆200 workers at the factory have been laid off.工厂里已有200个工人下岗。 OPP take sb on ⇨ employ see also lay-off ⇨ unemployment ■ dismiss [transitive, usually passive] (rather formal) to officially remove sb from their job 解雇；免职；开除◆She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her position.她声称自己被无理解雇。ⓘ Dismiss is the preferred term used in legal contexts, especially in the phrase unfairly/wrongfully dismissed. 在法律语境中一般用dismiss，尤用于短语unfairly/wrongfully dismissed（无理／非法解雇）。 OPP appoint ⇨ appoint see also dismissal ⇨ unemployment ■ sack [transitive, often passive] (especially BrE, informal) to dismiss sb from a job, usually because they have done sth wrong （通常因其过失）解雇，炒鱿鱼◆She was sacked for refusing to work on Sundays.她因拒绝在星期天上班被炒了鱿鱼。 see also sacking ⇨ unemployment ■ axe (BrE) (NAmE ax) [transitive, usually passive] (journalism 新闻) to remove sb from their job 解雇；开除◆300 jobs are to be axed at a local chemical works.当地一家化工厂要削减300个职位。◆Jones has been axed from the team.琼斯已被开除出队。ⓘ Axe is used especially in journalism when a large number of people are made redundant at the same time; it is more usual to talk about the jobs being axed, rather than the people. * axe尤用于新闻报道中，指同时解雇大批人员；axe的宾语常常是jobs，而不是人。■ ˌmake sb reˈdundant phrase (made, made) [usually passive] (BrE) to remove sb from their job because there is no more work available for them （因没有工作可做）解雇，裁员◆She was made redundant from her job.她成为冗员而被解雇。◆A further five senior posts are to be made redundant.还有五个高级职位要被裁撤。ⓘ Officially, it is jobs or posts that become redundant, not the people who hold them; in practice it is more common to talk about people being made redundant. 严格来说，变得多余、要被削减的是工作(job)或职位(post)，而非任职者；但实际上，这种说法较常用sb作宾语，且多用被动语态的sb be made redundant。 see also redundant ⇨ unemployed , redundancy ⇨ unemployment ■ ˌlet sb ˈgo idiom (letting, let, let)to make sb have to leave their job 解雇；开除◆They're having to let 100 employees go because of falling profits.由于利润下降他们将不得不减员100人。ⓘ Let sb go is used as a gentler way of saying fire, sack or make sb redundant. * let sb go是fire、sack或make sb redundant的较为温和的说法。■ discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ; NAmE dɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒ/ [transitive, usually passive] (rather formal) to give sb official permission to leave a job or a position in the army; to make sb leave a job or a position in the army 准许（某人）退伍；把（某人）从部队开除◆He was discharged from the army following his injury.他受伤后就退伍了。◆She was discharged from the police force for bad conduct.她因行为不轨被逐出警察队伍。 see also discharge ⇨ unemployment noun ■ ˌgive sb the ˈsack■ ˌget the ˈsack idiom (gave, given; getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) (especially BrE, informal) to sack sb; to be sacked 让某人卷铺盖；被炒鱿鱼◆I've never had to give anyone the sack.我从不用解雇人。◆He got the sack from his last job.他干上一份工作时被炒了鱿鱼。NOTE 辨析 Sack or give sb the sack? Sack can sound more sudden or dramatic than give sb the sack, and is used more by journalists. Give sb the sack is more frequent in everyday spoken English. 与give sb the sack相比，sack听起来较为突然或富有戏剧性，较常为新闻记者所用。give sb the sack多用于日常口语中。 |