| 例句 |
pass verb
⇨ give 2 (Pass the salt, please.) ⇨ go 1 (pass under the bridge) ⇨ go by (time passes) ⇨ graduate (pass a test) ⇨ lead 1 (pass a truck on a bend) ⇨ spend 2 (pass the time)pass noun
⇨ licence (a bus pass) ⇨ make a pass at sb ⇨ flirt verbgive2 verb give sb a present 送给某人礼物Give your mother the letter. 把信交给你母亲。give sb drugs/advice/a punishment 给予某人药物／建议／惩罚give sb a headache/an air of mystery 令某人头疼／有一种神秘感give money to charity/give blood 向慈善机构捐款；献血give ♦︎ hand ♦︎ hand sb/sth over ♦︎ passThese words all mean to put sth into sb's hand or hands, or in a place where they can easily reach it. 这些词均表示给、交给。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to give / hand / hand sb / sth over / pass sth to sb◆to just give / hand / hand over / pass sth◆to give / hand / hand over / pass sth immediately / promptly■ give (gave, given) [transitive] to put sth into sb's hand or hands so that they can look at it, use it or keep it for a time 给；交给◆They were all given a box to carry.给了他们每人一个箱子让他们搬。◆She gave her ticket to the woman at the check-in desk.她把票递给了登机手续服务台的女职员。■ hand [transitive] to put sth into sb's hand 交；递；给◆She handed the letter to me.她把信交给了我。◆She handed me the letter.她把信交给了我。■ ˌhand sb/sth ˈover phrasal verb to give sb/sth officially or formally to another person 把⋯正式交给◆He handed over a cheque for $20 000.他交出了一张2万元的支票。◆I knew I should have handed you over to the police!我知道我本应该把你送交警方！■ pass [transitive] to give sth to sb by putting it into their hands or in a place where they can easily reach it 给；递；传递◆Pass the salt, please.请把盐递过来。◆Could you pass me that book?你能把那本书递给我吗？ⓘ Pass is often used in spoken English when one person is asking another to pick up sth that they can't reach themselves, and give it to them. * pass常用于口语，指某人自己够不到某物，请求他人帮忙递过来。NOTE 辨析 Give, hand or pass? Hand is used more in written (especially literary) English than in spoken English; give is used frequently in both written and spoken English, but especially frequently in spoken English. Pass is often used in spoken requests, but is also used in written, literary English. * hand多用于书面语（尤其是文学作品），较少用于口语。give常用于书面语和口语，但尤用于口语。pass常用于口头请求，但亦用于书面语和文学作品。 go1 verb go into the kitchen 进厨房go to China 去中国go ♦︎ get ♦︎ head ♦︎ pass ♦︎ move ♦︎ travel ♦︎ make your way ♦︎ make for sth ♦︎ advance ♦︎ proceed ♦︎ runThese words all mean to move from one place to another. 这些词均表示去往另一地。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to go / get / pass / move / travel / make your way / advance / proceed / run from... to...◆to go / get / head / move / travel / make your way / advance / proceed to sb / sth◆to go / head / move / travel / make your way / advance / proceed / run towards sb / sth◆to head / make for sb / sth◆to go / get somewhere / make your way by bus / train / car, etc.◆to go / get / head / make your way / make for home■ go (goes, went, gone) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to move from one place to another; to move somewhere in order to get to a particular place; to move in a particular way 去；（为到达某处或以某种方式）移动◆She went into her room and shut the door behind her.她走进自己的房间，随手关上门。◆She's gone to see her sister.她看她姐姐去了。◆Could you go and get me a towel?你能去帮我拿条毛巾吗？◆ (NAmE) Go get me a towel.去帮我拿条毛巾。◆Slow down－you're going too fast.慢点儿－你开得太快了。◆The car went skidding off the road.汽车打滑冲出公路。ⓘ Been, not gone, is used as the past participle when sb has gone to a place and come back. 表示某人去过某地并已返回，过去分词用been，不用gone◆She's gone to town (= and is there now or on her way there).她进城去了。◆I've just been to town (= I went to town and have now returned).我刚才去城里了。 ⓘ Go is usually used from the point of view of the person who is moving somewhere. 使用go时通常从行进者的角度出发。 OPP come ⇨ come 1 see also go ⇨ leave 1 ■ get (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) [intransitive, transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to go to or from a particular place or in a particular direction, sometimes with difficulty; to make sb/sth do this （使）到达，离开；（沿某方向）移动；艰难地移动◆How can we get to the other side of town?我们怎么才能到城的另一边？◆I don't know how he managed to get down from the roof.我不知道他是怎么设法从房顶上下来的。◆She got back into bed.她回到床上睡觉了。◆Where have they got to (= where are they)?他们去哪里了？◆We'd better call a taxi and get you home.我们最好叫辆出租车送你回家。 see also get ⇨ get 4 ■ head [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (rather informal) to move in a particular direction; to start going to a particular place 朝（某方向）前进；启程（前往某处）◆Where are we heading?我们要往哪里去？◆She headed for the door.她朝着门走去。◆The boat was heading out to sea.那条船正在出海。■ pass [intransitive] (rather formal) (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to go along or through a place or past a particular point 经过；穿过；通过◆The procession passed slowly along the street.队伍沿街缓缓行进。◆Bomber planes were passing overhead all night.轰炸机整夜不断从头顶飞过。■ move [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to go in a particular direction, especially a short distance （尤指短距离地）移动◆Phil moved towards the window.菲尔朝窗户走去。◆We moved a little nearer.我们移近了一些。◆The traffic moved slowly along the highway.车辆在公路上缓慢前行。■ travel (-ll-, NAmE -l-) [intransitive] to go or move at a particular speed, in a particular direction or over a particular distance （以某速度、朝某方向或在某距离内）行进，转送，传播◆The truck was travelling at 90 mph when it veered off the road.那辆卡车拐下道路时正以90英里的时速行进。◆Messages travel from the nerve endings to the brain.信息从神经末梢传送到大脑。◆News travels fast these days.如今消息传播得很快。■ make your ˈway idiom (made, made) (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to go somewhere, especially slowly or when this is difficult to do （尤指缓慢或困难地）去，前往，到⋯地方去◆Will you be able to make your own way to the airport (= get there without help or a ride)?你能自己去机场吗？◆She turned and made her way home.她掉转方向回家去了。■ ˈmake for sth phrasal verb (made, made)to move towards sth, especially when you are in a hurry or feel the need to get somewhere or get out of somewhere 向⋯移动（尤指匆忙或想要去或离开某地）◆People were making for the exits.人们纷纷往出口走。◆He advised us to get out of the city and make for the coast.他建议我们离开市区前往海边。■ advance [intransitive] (rather formal) to move forwards or towards sb/sth, often in a threatening way or in order to attack 前进；推进；进逼◆Troops were given the order to advance.部队得到了前进的命令。◆They had advanced 20 miles by nightfall.夜幕降临时，他们已推进了20英里。◆The mob advanced on us, shouting angrily.暴民愤怒地喊叫着向我们逼近。OPP retreat ⇨ withdraw 1 ▸ advance noun [countable] ◆Their advance on the city seemed unstoppable.他们向那座城市步步逼近，似乎势不可挡。■ proceed /prəˈsiːd; NAmE proʊˈsiːd/ [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (formal) to move or travel in a particular direction, especially to continue a journey 行进，前往（尤指为了继续行程）◆The marchers proceeded slowly along the street.游行者沿着街道缓缓行进。◆Passengers for Frankfurt should proceed to Gate 14.前往法兰克福的旅客请到14号登机口。■ run (running, ran, run) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to move over a surface, especially quickly, in a particular direction （尤指快速地向某处）移动◆The car ran off the road into a ditch.汽车冲出路面，掉进沟里。◆A shiver ran down my spine.我猛然感到脊背发凉。◆The sledge ran smoothly over the snow.雪橇在雪地上平稳地滑行。◆The old tramlines are still there but no trams run on them now.昔日的电车轨道还在，如今却没有电车在上面运行了。 go by phrasal verb go by ♦︎ pass ♦︎ elapse ♦︎ wear on ♦︎ progress ♦︎ tick awayThese are all words that can be used when an hour, day, year, etc. moves forward in time. 这些词均表示时间流逝、过去。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆hours / days go by / pass / elapse◆a season / a year / time goes by / passes / elapses◆the day / night / season / year / time wears on / progresses◆the minutes / seconds go by / pass / elapse / tick away◆time ticks away◆time goes by / passes / wears on / ticks away slowly◆time goes by / passes quickly■ ˌgo ˈby phrasal verb (goes, went, gone)(of time) to move forward （时间）流逝，过去◆Things will get easier as time goes by.随着时间的推移，情况会有所改善。◆The weeks went slowly by.时间一周又一周地慢慢过去。■ pass [intransitive](of time) to go by （时间）流逝，过去◆Six months passed and we still had no news of them.六个月过去了，我们仍然没有他们的音讯。◆We grew more anxious with every passing day.一天天过去，我们的焦虑与日俱增。■ elapse / /ɪˈlæps/ / [intransitive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) (formal, written) (of time) to go by （时间）流逝，过去◆Many years elapsed before they met again.过了许多年他们才重逢。NOTE 辨析 Go by, pass or elapse?The main difference between these words is in register: go by is the least formal and the most frequently used in spoken English; elapse is the most formal and is only really used in written English. 这三个词的主要区别在于语体风格不同。go by最不正式，最常用于口语中；elapse最正式，实际上只用于书面语。■ ˌwear ˈon phrasal verb (wore, worn) (especially written) (of a period of time) to go by, especially in a way that seems slow （一段时间）慢慢地过去；（光阴）荏苒◆As the evening wore slowly on, she became more and more tired.随着夜色渐深，她越来越疲惫。■ progress [intransitive] (written) to go forward in time （时间）推移，逝去◆The weather became colder as the day progressed.天色越晚，天气就越冷。NOTE 辨析 Wear on and progressThese words are both used especially to say that sth developed during a particular period of time or during a particular event or activity. 这两个词均尤用于表示在某段时间，或在某事件或活动中事情有所发展◆The situation worsened as the year wore on.随着那一年渐渐过去，情况更糟了。◆The visiting team's confidence increased as the game progressed.随着比赛的进行，客队的信心增强了。They are not usually used with a noun in the plural. 这几个词通常不与复数形式的名词连用◆Many years progressed/wore on before they met again. ■ ˌtick aˈway phrasal verb (of minutes, seconds or time) to pass steadily, especially when you do not have much time to do what you need to do （分钟、秒钟或时间）逐渐逝去（尤指时间紧迫）◆I had to get to the airport by two, and the minutes were ticking away.我必须在两点前赶到机场，而时间正一分一秒地过去。 graduate verb graduate ♦︎ pass ♦︎ qualify ♦︎ get through (sth) ♦︎ sail through (sth)These words all mean to successfully complete a course of study or to be successful in an exam or test. 这些词均表示完成课程、顺利通过考试或测试。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to graduate / qualify as sth◆to graduate / pass with sth◆to pass / get through / sail through a / an course / exam / test◆students graduate / pass / qualify / sail through■ graduate / /ˈgrædʒueɪt/ / [intransitive] to get a degree, especially your first degree, from a university or college; (in the US) to complete a course in education, especially at high school 获得学位（尤指学士学位）；大学毕业；（在美国尤指高中）毕业◆Only thirty students graduated in Chinese last year.去年只有三十名学生获得汉语学士学位。◆She taught in France after graduating.她毕业后在法国教书。◆Martha graduated from high school two years ago.玛莎两年前高中毕业。ⓘ In American English the 'from' can be left out. 在美式英语中，graduate后的from可以省略◆ (NAmE) Martha graduated high school two years ago.玛莎两年前高中毕业。 ▸ graduate / /ˈgrædʒuət/ / noun [countable] ◆a science graduate理学士◆high school graduates高中毕业生■ pass [intransitive, transitive] to achieve the required standard in an exam or test 通过（考试）；及格；合格◆I'm not really expecting to pass first time.我真没指望第一次就能合格。◆I passed my driving test.我通过了驾照考试。OPP fail , flunk ⇨ fail 3 ▸ pass noun [countable] (especially BrE) ◆She got a pass in French.她法语考试及格了。◆12 passes and 3 fails12门及格，3门不及格■ qualify [intransitive] (especially BrE) to reach the standard of ability or knowledge needed to do a particular job, for example by completing a course of study or passing exams 获得资格（或学历）；合格◆How long does it take to qualify?需要多长时间才能取得资格？◆She qualified as a doctor last year.她去年获得了医生资格。▸ qualification noun [uncountable, countable, usually plural] ◆Nurses in training should be given a guarantee of employment following qualification.受训护士取得资格后应有工作保障。 (BrE) ◆He left school with no formal qualifications.他退学了，没有获得正式学历。■ ˌget ˈthrough sth■ ˌget ˈthrough phrasal verb (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) (BrE, rather informal) to be successful in an exam or test especially when this is difficult 顺利通过（尤指困难的考试或测试）◆I got through the final exam by avoiding questions that required factual knowledge.我绕开客观知识问题，从而通过了最后的考试。■ ˌsailˈ through sth■ ˌsail ˈthrough phrasal verb (rather informal) to pass an exam or test or successfully complete a course of study without any difficulty 轻易通过（考试或测试）；轻松完成（课程）◆She's very bright and sailed through college.她非常聪明，轻松通过了大学的课程。 lead1 verb lead a race/the world in cancer research 在比赛中领先；在癌症研究方面走在世界前列lead an expedition 率领探险队The path leads up the hill. 这条小路通往山顶。lead ♦︎ be ahead of sb ♦︎ overtake ♦︎ pass ♦︎ leave sb/sth behind ♦︎ outpace ♦︎ get aheadThese words all mean to be in or move into a position which is further forward, better or more advanced than sb/sth else. 这些词均表示处于首位或取得领先地位。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to lead / be ahead of sb / overtake sb / leave sb behind / get ahead in sth◆to lead / be ahead of / overtake a rival◆to easily overtake / outpace sb■ lead (led, led) [intransitive, transitive] to be in first place, for example in a race or competition; to be the most advanced in a particular area or activity 处于首位；居于领先地位；（在某方面）最先进◆The champion is leading by 18 seconds.冠军领先了18秒钟。◆He led the race for eight laps until his engine blew.比赛中他有八圈一路领先，直到他的发动机爆裂。◆The department led the world in cancer research.这个系当时在癌症研究方面走在世界前列。◆The firm's solid construction standards still lead the field.该公司坚实的建筑水准在业内仍处于领先地位。OPP trail ⇨ lose ■ be aˈhead of sb phrase to be further forward in space or time than sb/sth; to be in front of sb/sth, for example in a race or competition; to be better or further advanced than sb/sth （时间或空间）在⋯前面；（比赛或竞争等中）领先；占优势◆Three boys were ahead of us.有三个男孩在我们前面。◆He was already some way ahead of her.他已经领先于她。◆He's still 10 points ahead of his nearest rival.他比紧随其后的对手仍领先10分。◆He was always well ahead of the rest of the class.他总是遥遥领先于班上其他同学。◆His ideas were way ahead of his time.他的思想远远超前于他那个时代。OPP be behind sb ■ overtake (overtook, overtaken) [intransitive, transitive] to go past a moving vehicle or person ahead of you because you are going faster than they are; to become greater in number, amount or importance than sth else 超过；赶上；（在数量或重要性方面）大于，超越◆ (BrE) It's dangerous to overtake on a bend.在弯道上超车会有危险。◆ (BrE) He pulled out to overtake a lorry.他驶出车流以超越一辆卡车。◆Later this century, nuclear energy could overtake oil as the main fuel.本世纪晚些时候，核能可能会超过石油成为主要燃料。◆We mustn't let ourselves be overtaken by our competitors.我们决不能让竞争对手超过我们。■ pass [transitive, intransitive] to overtake a vehicle or person ahead of you 超过；超越◆He pulled out to pass a truck.他驶出车流以超过一辆卡车。◆It's difficult to pass on this circuit.在这条环形车道上很难超车。NOTE 辨析 Overtake or pass?In British English, both overtake and pass can be used to talk about going past sb/sth that is moving, for example, on the road or a track, although overtake is more frequent. In American English, pass is the normal word used. 在英式英语中，overtake和pass都可指超过公路或跑道上行进中的人或物，只不过overtake更常用些。在美式英语中，常用pass表达此义。■ leave sb/sth beˈhind phrasal verb (left, left) [usually passive] to make much better progress than sb, especially in business （尤指在生意上）把⋯抛在后面，超过◆Britain is being left behind in the race for new markets.英国在开拓新市场方面正被甩在后面。◆European manufacturers are afraid of getting left behind.欧洲生产商唯恐会落在后面。■ outpace / /ˌaʊtˈpeɪs/ / [transitive] (written, especially business 尤用于商业) to go, rise or improve faster than sb/sth （在速度上）超过；比⋯快◆He easily outpaced the other runners.他轻而易举地超过了其他赛跑选手。◆Demand is outpacing production.需求量正在超过产量。◆Market growth has continued to outpace expectations.市场增长率仍比预期的要快。■ ˌget aˈhead phrasal verb (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten)to make progress; to make progress faster or further than sb/sth else 取得进步；走在前面；领先◆She wants to get ahead in her career.她想在事业上取得进展。◆He soon got ahead of the others in the class.他很快就在班上领先他人了。ⓘ Get ahead is used especially to talk about the progress of individual people in their work or studies. * get ahead尤指个人在工作或学习上取得进步。 spend2 verb spend money 花钱spend time 花时间spend ♦︎ occupy ♦︎ take up sth ♦︎ devote sth to sth ♦︎ pass ♦︎ fill ♦︎ while sth awayThese words all mean to use time for a particular purpose. 这些词均表示使用或度过时间。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆time is occupied / taken up with sth◆to spend / occupy / take up / devote / pass / fill / while away (the) time◆to spend / occupy / take up / devote / pass / fill / while away an hour / a couple of hours■ spend (spent, spent) [transitive] to use time for a particular purpose 花（时间）；度过◆We spent the weekend in Paris.我们在巴黎度过了周末。◆How do you spend your spare time?你业余时间做什么？◆How long did you spend on your homework?你做家庭作业用了多长时间？◆Most of her life was spent in caring for others.她大半辈子的时间都用来照顾别人了。■ occupy [transitive] (rather formal) (especially of an activity) to use an amount of time （尤指活动）占用，使用（时间）◆Administrative work occupies half of my time.行政事务占用了我一半的时间。ⓘ It is usually an activity that occupies sb's time, rather than a person, except in formal language. * occupy表示“占用时间”时通常以活动而非以人作主语，但在正式语言中除外◆ (formal) How do you occupy your time?你一般都做什么？ ■ ˌtake ˈup sth phrasal verb (took, taken) (sometimes disapproving) to use an amount of time 占用（时间）◆Her time is fully taken up with writing.她的时间都被写作占据了。ⓘ Take up sth is sometimes used when the speaker disapproves or regrets that time is being used in this way. * take up sth有时表示说话者不赞成或后悔时间被这样占用◆I won't take up any more of your time.我不会再占用你的时间了。 ■ devote sth to sth phrasal verb to give an amount of time or attention completely to sb/sth 把（时间或精力）用于◆I could only devote two hours a day to work on the project.我一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时。◆Many women devote years of their lives to bringing up children.许多妇女把一生中多年的时间用在抚养孩子上。■ pass [transitive] to spend time, especially when you are bored or waiting for sth 消磨；度过；打发◆We sang songs to pass the time.我们用唱歌来打发时间。■ fill [transitive] to use up a particular period of time doing sth 耗去；打发；消磨◆How do you fill your day now that you've retired?你已经退休了，那怎样打发日子呢？■ ˌwhile sth aˈway phrasal verb to spend time in a pleasant lazy way, especially while you are waiting for sth else to happen 逍遥自在地度过，消磨（时间）◆We whiled away the time reading and chatting.我们用读书和聊天来消磨时间。 licence (BrE) (NAmE license) noun ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ certificate and ⇨ permission 另见certificate条和permission条licence ♦︎ franchise ♦︎ warrant ♦︎ permit ♦︎ charter ♦︎ authorization ♦︎ passThese are all words for an official document that gives you permission to do sth. 这些词均表示许可证、执照、通行证或授权书。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆under (a) licence / franchise / charter◆a licence / franchise / warrant / permit / charter to do sth◆the necessary licence / permit / authorization◆to have a licence / a franchise / a warrant / a permit / a charter / an authorization / a pass◆to get / obtain a licence / a franchise / a warrant / a permit / a charter / an authorization / a pass◆to give (sb) a licence / franchise / permit / charter / pass◆to grant (sb) a licence / a franchise / a warrant / a permit / a charter◆to issue (sb) a licence / warrant / permit / charter / pass◆to apply for a licence / franchise / warrant / permit / charter / pass◆to renew a licence / franchise / permit / charter / pass◆to revoke sb's licence / permit / charter◆to see / check sb's licence / permit / authorization / pass◆a licence / franchise / permit / charter / pass expires◆a licence / franchise / permit / pass holder■ licence (BrE) (NAmE license) / /ˈlaɪsns/ / [countable] an official document that shows that permission has been given for you to do, own or use sth 许可证；执照◆You need a licence to fish in this river.你要有许可证才能在这条河里钓鱼。◆The beer is brewed under licence in the UK.在英国酿造啤酒需要有许可证。◆ (BrE) Do you have a valid driving licence?你有有效驾驶执照吗？◆ (NAmE) a driver's license驾驶执照◆She lost her licence (= had her driving licence taken away) for six months.她的驾驶执照被暂扣了六个月。◆a marriage licence结婚证◆a liquor licence (= giving permission to sell alcoholic drinks) 售酒许可证◆an export licence (= a licence to export goods) 出口许可证◆Is there a licence fee?需要交执照费吗？ see also license ⇨ allow ■ franchise / /ˈfræntʃaɪz/ / [countable] formal permission given by a company to sb who wants to sell its goods or services in a particular area; formal permission given by a government to sb who wants to operate a public service as a business （公司授予的）特许经销权；（政府授予的）特别经营权，特许◆a catering franchise in the fast-food industry快餐业内的餐饮经营权◆In the reorganization, Southern Television lost their franchise.在重组中南方电视公司失去了特许经营权。◆They operate the business under franchise.他们根据特许经营权经营。▸ franchise verb [transitive, usually passive] ◆The catering has been franchised (out) to a private company.餐饮特许经营权已授予一家私营公司。■ warrant /ˈwɒrənt; NAmE ˈwɔːrənt, ˈwɑːrənt/ [countable] a legal document that is signed by a judge and gives the police authority to do sth （法官授予警方的）执行令，授权令◆They issued a warrant for her arrest.当局发出了逮捕她的令状。◆Police arrived with a search warrant.警察是带着搜查令来的。◆Federal agents tried to serve arrest warrants on him for firearms offences.联邦探员试图以枪支犯罪向他发出逮捕令。■ permit /ˈpɜːmɪt; NAmE ˈpɜːrmɪt/ [countable] an official document that gives sb the right to sth, especially for a limited period of time （尤指有期限的）许可证，特许证◆I asked to see his permit.我要求看他的许可证。◆His 30-day permit expires on Tuesday.他30天的许可证周二就到期了。◆a work permit (= giving you permission to work in a foreign country) 工作许可证◆a residence permit居住证 see also permit ⇨ allow ■ charter [countable] an official document stating that a ruler or government allows a new organization, town or university to be established and gives it particular rights and privileges （统治者或政府准许设立新的机构、城镇或大学并授予某些特权的）特许状，许可证，凭照◆The BBC's charter was due to be renewed.英国广播公司的许可证该续期了。◆The university received its Royal Charter in 1946.该大学于1946年获得皇家特许状而成立。ⓘ In British English charter is sometimes used in an ironic way to describe a law or policy that seems likely to help criminals by giving them extra rights. 在英式英语中，charter有时带有讽刺意味，指法律或政策赋予了罪犯额外权利，反而便利了他们钻空子◆The new law will be a charter for unscrupulous financial advisers.这项新法将会为无良的金融顾问大开方便之门。 ■ authorization (BrE also authorisation) /ˌɔːθəraɪˈzeɪʃn; NAmE ˌɔːθərəˈzeɪʃn/ [countable] a document that gives sb official permission to do sth 批准书；授权书◆Can I see your authorization please?我能看看你的授权书吗？ see also authorize ⇨ allow ■ pass [countable] an official document or ticket that shows that you have the right to enter or leave a place, to travel on a bus, train, etc. 通行证；车票；乘车证◆You can buy a three-day pass that gives you entry to all the major sights.你可购买一张有效期为三天的通行证，就能进入所有主要的景点了。◆a bus pass公共汽车票◆You will need a boarding pass to get onto the plane.你须持有登机卡才能上飞机。 flirt verb flirt ♦︎ chat sb up ♦︎ tease ♦︎ come on to sb ♦︎ make a pass at sbThese verbs all mean to try to attract sb sexually by talking or behaving in a particular way. 这些动词均表示调情、挑逗、勾引。■ flirt [intransitive] to behave towards sb as if you find them sexually attractive, without seriously wanting to have a relationship with them 调情◆He flirts outrageously with his female clients.他肆无忌惮地跟他的女客户调情。▸ flirt noun [countable, usually singular] ◆She's a real flirt.她是个调情高手。▸ flirtatious / /flɜːˈteɪʃəs; NAmE flɜːrˈteɪʃəs/ adjective ◆a flirtatious young woman卖弄风情的年轻女子◆a flirtatious giggle卖弄风情的咯咯一笑■ ˌchat sb ˈup phrasal verb (-tt-) (BrE, informal) to talk in a friendly way to sb you are sexually attracted to （受性吸引而）亲昵地攀谈，与某人搭讪◆She went straight over and tried to chat him up.她径直走了过去试图同他搭讪。▸ ˈchat-up noun [countable, uncountable] ◆Is that your best chat-up line?那是你最拿手的调情话吗？NOTE 辨析 Flirt or chat sb up? Chat sb up only refers to the actual words spoken by a person; flirt refers to sb's behaviour as well. If sb chats you up, it usually means that they want to have a relationship with you, but this is not always the case if they flirt with you. * chat sb up仅指言语搭讪或挑逗，flirt亦可指行为举止。chat sb up通常指想跟某人发展恋爱关系，而flirt with sb则不尽然。■ tease /tiːz/ / [intransitive, transitive] (disapproving) to make sb sexually excited, especially when you do not intend to have sex with them 挑逗，撩拨（尤指不想与之发生性行为）◆She teased the men with an expression that was both innocent and knowing.她带着一种既天真又世故的表情挑逗那些男人。 see also lead sb on ⇨ mislead ▸ tease noun [countable, usually singular] ◆She's a wicked little tease.她是个顽皮撩人的小东西。■ ˌcome ˈon to sb phrasal verb (came, come) (informal) to behave in a way that shows sb that you want to have a sexual relationship with them 勾引，勾搭（想与之发生性关系）◆When he started coming on to me, I assumed he wasn't married.他开始勾引我时，我以为他还没结婚。▸ ˈcome-on noun [countable, usually singular] ◆ (informal) She tried to ignore his come-ons.她尽量不去理睬他的勾引。■ make a ˈpass at sb idiom (made, made) (informal) to try to start a sexual relationship with sb 勾引；向某人抛媚眼◆Are you making a pass at me?你在勾引我吗？ |