| 例句 |
past noun
⇨ past (the recent past) ⇨ background (sb's criminal past)past adj.
⇨ last 2 (the past few days) ⇨ previous (past events)the past noun the past ♦︎ history ♦︎ the old daysThese are all words for the time before the present. 这些词均表示昔日。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in the past / (sth's) history / the old days◆sth's colourful / rich / chequered / glorious past / history◆sth's cultural / political / imperial / industrial past / history◆(the / sth's) recent / ancient / medieval past / history◆to be lost in (the) past / history◆to distort / rewrite (the) past / history■ the past [singular] the time before the present 过去；昔日◆I used to go there often in the past.过去我常去那儿。◆Don't worry about it－it's all in the past now.别再为那事烦了－都已经过去了。◆It all happened in the distant past.那都是很久以前的事了。◆We have to stop living in the past and invest in new technology.我们不能永远活在过去，必须投资新技术。◆Writing letters seems to be a thing of the past.写信好像已是旧时的事情了。 see also past ⇨ previous adj. ■ history [uncountable, singular] all the events that happened in an earlier time, especially as part of the political or social development of a country; the set of facts that are known about the past existence of a place or group of people 历史；（某地方或某人群的）发展史◆Many people throughout history have dreamt of a world without war.历史上很多人梦想过没有战争的世界。◆These events changed the course of history.这些事件改变了历史的轨迹。◆He will go down in history (= be remembered) as a wise politician and a kind man.他将作为睿智的政治家和善良的人载入史册。◆The country has suffered several invasions during its history.该国历史上经历了几次外国入侵。◆Venice has a rich and colourful history.威尼斯的历史丰富多彩。▸ historical adjective ◆the historical background to the war这场战争的历史背景◆historical documents / records / research历史文献／档案／研究◆a historical novel / setting历史小说；历史背景▸ historically adverb ◆The book is historically inaccurate.这本书与史实不符。■ the old days idiom (rather informal) a time in the past, or an earlier time in sb's life, when things were different from the way they are now （与现在有别的）昔日，过去◆Meeting up with school friends reminded her again of the good old days.和老同学见面让她回忆起昔日的美好时光。◆That was in the bad old days of rampant inflation.那是在过去通胀失控的苦难日子。◆Deciding what to watch on television was so much easier in the old days.过去，决定看什么电视节目比现在容易多了。 background noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ family 3 另见family条第3义background ♦︎ record ♦︎ past ♦︎ history ♦︎ upbringing ♦︎ track record ♦︎ life historyThese are all words for the things that sb has done or the things that have happened to sb before now. 这些词均表示曾经做过或经历过的事。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb has a background / record / history / track record of sth◆sb has a background / record / track record in sth◆a / an proven / impressive / excellent / poor record / track record◆a religious / working class / middle class background / upbringing◆a colourful / chequered history / past◆sb's criminal background / record / past / history◆sb's medical record / history◆your background / upbringing prepares you for / gives you sth■ background [countable] the details of a person's life before now, especially concerning their family, education and experience 出身背景；学历；经历◆sb's family / social / cultural / educational / class background某人的家庭／社会／文化／教育／阶级背景◆The classes are designed for students with a background in history or theology.这些课程是为有历史或神学知识的学生设计的。◆The job would suit someone with a business background.这项工作适合有商务经验的人。◆We are from very different backgrounds but we get on very well.我们的出身很不一样，但相处融洽。ⓘ You can also talk about the background to an event or situation. * background也可表示事件或事态的背景。 see also background ⇨ context ■ record [singular] the facts that are known about sb/sth's past behaviour, character or achievements （有关过去的）事实；记录；功过◆The report criticizes the government's record on housing.报告批评政府在住房问题上的所作所为。◆The airline has a good safety record.这家航空公司的安全情况一向很好。◆He has an impressive record of achievement.他所取得的各项成就令人赞叹。■ past [countable, usually singular] a person's life or career before now （某人）过去的经历（或事业）◆We don't know anything about his past.我们对他的过去一无所知。◆She didn't tell them about her boyfriend's criminal past.她没跟他们提起男友犯过罪。ⓘ Past can also be used to talk about an aspect of a place before now. * past也可表示某个地方昔日的一个侧面◆The country still suffers as a result of its colonial past.该国昔日曾为殖民地，至今仍深受其害。 ■ history [singular] a record of sth happening frequently in the past of a person, family or place; the set of facts that are known about sb's past （某人的）经历；家族史；（某地的）沿革◆He has a history of violent crime.他有暴力犯罪的前科。◆There is a history of heart disease in my family.我家有家族心脏病史。◆The area has a history of subsidence problems.该地区的地面沉降是个老问题。■ upbringing / /ˈʌpbrɪŋɪŋ/ / [singular, uncountable] the way in which a child is cared for and taught how to behave while it is growing up 抚育；养育；培养◆She had had a very sheltered upbringing.她在备受呵护中长大。◆He was a Catholic by upbringing.他受家庭熏陶，从小就是个天主教徒。■ ˈtrack record [singular] all the past achievements, successes or failures of a person or organization （个人或组织的）业绩记录◆As a company we have a proven track record in catering.我们公司有令人信赖的宴席承办业绩记录。◆Britain has a poor track record in foreign language teaching.英国外语教学的成绩乏善可陈。■ ˌlife ˈhistory [countable] all the events that happen in the life of a person, animal or plant 生平；（生物的）生活史◆He sat at the bar and told me his whole life history.他坐在吧台旁，对我谈起自己一生的经历。◆The aim of the project is to study the life histories of insects.该项目旨在研究昆虫的生活史。 last2 determiner , adjective the last bus home 回家的末班公共汽车last night 昨晚last ♦︎ past ♦︎ previous ♦︎ precedingThese words all describe sth that happened or existed only a short time ago, or before a particular time, event or object. 这些词均表示最近的、刚过去的、上一个的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the last / past / previous / preceding few days / week / month / year / decade / century◆the last / past / previous weekend / season / hundred years◆the last / past hour◆the previous / preceding day◆last / the previous night / Friday / July / summer◆the last / previous / preceding paragraph / section◆the last / previous page / chapter / time / visit / meeting / war◆sb's last / previous album / appearance◆the previous / preceding discussion / argument / analysis / example■ last determiner most recent 最近的；上一个的◆He got home late last night.他昨天夜里很晚才回家。◆Last summer we went to Greece for a month.去年夏天我们去希腊待了一个月。◆The critics all hated her last book.评论家都很不喜欢她的新书。◆This last point, that Hamish has mentioned, is crucial.哈米什刚刚提到的这一点很关键。OPP first ⇨ first , next ⇨ next ■ past adjective [only before noun](of a period of time) gone by recently; just ended （一段时间）刚过去的，刚结束的◆I haven't seen much of her in the past few weeks.近几周来我没怎么见到她。 OPP next ⇨ next NOTE 辨析 Last or past?You can only use past to talk about a period of time that has just gone by, especially a long or approximate period of time. * past仅指刚过去的一段时间，特别是较长或大概的一段时间◆These past months have been terribly stressful for everyone.最近几个月每个人的压力都特别大。 Past is an adjective and must be used with the or a determiner such as this or these: it cannot be used on its own. * past是形容词，前面必须加the或this、these等限定词，不能单独使用◆Last week was very busy.上个星期特别忙。◆The past week has been very busy.上个星期特别忙。 Past is not used to talk about particular dates or points in time, or about things. * past不修饰具体的日期或时刻，也不修饰事物◆He got home late past night. ◆The critics hated her past book. ■ previous [only before noun] happening or coming immediately before the time or thing you are talking about （时间或顺序上）稍前的◆He went jogging on Friday, despite the doctor's warnings the previous day (= the day before the time mentioned).尽管医生前一天刚警告过他，可他周五还是去慢跑了。◆We dealt with this in the previous chapter.我们在前一章论及了这一点。 OPP the following ⇨ next ■ preceding / /prɪˈsiːdɪŋ/ / [only before noun] (formal) previous 在⋯之前发生的；先于⋯的◆This policy was pursued less vigorously in the 1880s than in the preceding decade (= the 1870s).在19世纪80年代，这项政策不如之前10年执行得那么坚决。◆The reasoning in the preceding paragraph applies equally to a number of other cases.上一段中的论述同样也适用于其他一些情况。OPP the following ⇨ next previous adjective previous ♦︎ old ♦︎ former ♦︎ past ♦︎ prior ♦︎ distant ♦︎ remote ♦︎ bygoneThese words all describe sth belonging to an earlier time. 这些词均表示过去的、从前的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a) previous / former / past / distant / remote / bygone era / times◆a previous / past / distant / remote / bygone age◆a previous / former / past / prior existence◆(a) previous / past experience / history / life◆a previous / former / past owner / president / prime minister◆a previous / prior engagement◆previous / prior knowledge◆former / past glories◆the distant / remote past◆a distant / remote ancestor◆very / fairly old / distant / remote■ previous [only before noun] happening or existing before the event or object that you are talking about 先前的；以往的◆No previous experience is necessary for this job.这一工作无需相关经验。◆The car has only had one previous owner.这辆车只有过一位车主。◆She is his daughter from a previous marriage.她是他和前妻的女儿。◆We had met on two previous occasions.我们以前见过两次面。OPP current ⇨ recent , future ⇨ next ▸ previously adverb ◆The building had previously been used as a hotel.这座楼以前曾是旅馆。 OPP currently ⇨ recent ■ old [only before noun] belonging to an earlier time or to an earlier time in your life 过去的；（人生中）从前的◆Things were different in the old days.从前的情况可不一样。◆I went back to visit my old school.我回去拜访了母校。■ former [only before noun] (rather formal) gone by in time; belonging to an earlier time 过去的；昔日的◆This fine ruin was, in former times, a royal castle.这个保留完好的遗址以前是座皇家城堡。◆The historic quarter of the city has been restored to its former glory.具有历史意义的城区已经恢复了昔日的壮丽。◆It is one of the countries of the former Soviet Union.它是前苏联国家之一。▸ formerly adverb ◆I learned that the house had formerly been an inn.我得知这所房子以前是家客栈。■ past [usually before noun] gone by in time; belonging to an earlier time 过去的；昔日的◆In past years the industry received large subsidies.在过去，这一行业得到很多的补贴。◆The book is a celebration of working class life in times past.这本书颂扬了过去工人阶级的生活。◆The time for discussion is past.讨论时间已过。◆From past experience I'd say he'd probably forgotten the time.根据过去的经验，我想他可能忘记时间了。◆The reunion is for past and present students of the college.这次重聚同乐会是为老校友和在校学生举办的。◆Let's forget about who was more to blame－it's all past history.咱们别提谁更应该受责怪了吧，那都是陈年旧账了。OPP present ⇨ recent , future ⇨ next see also the past ⇨ past NOTE 辨析 Old, former or past? Old is used especially to talk about things from your own life. * old尤用于形容自己人生中以前的事物◆my old school / teacher / colleagues我的母校／以前的老师／老同事You can use former in these cases but it sounds rather formal; past cannot be used. 在这些场合也可以用former，但会显得相当正式，past则不能用◆my past school/teacher/friends/colleagues Your old friends are friends that you have known for a long time; your former friends are people who are no longer your friends. Old is not used to talk about times that have gone by, except in the phrase the old days. * old friends指相识很久的老朋友；former friends指以前的朋友，现在不是朋友了。old不用于表示“过去的年代”，只有在短语the old days中才有这个含义◆an old age/era ◆in old times/years/centuries You can use either former or past in these cases: former sounds more formal; past sounds more personal or more literary. You can talk about your own past experience: these are things that have happened to you in the past, or what you have learnt from them; your previous experience is usually experience of a particular type of work. 在这些场合可以用former或past，former显得较正式，past显得更私人化或更有文学韵味。past experience指以前经历过的事情或从中得到的经验教训，previous experience通常指某一类工作的相关经历◆your old/former experience Former can describe a country or organization that no longer exists or has changed. * former可以形容不复存在的或已经改变的国家或组织◆the former Yugoslav republic前南斯拉夫共和国◆the old/past Yugoslav republic ■ prior / /ˈpraɪə(r)/ / [only before noun] (formal) previous 先前的；以往的◆Visits are by prior arrangement.来访须预约。◆This information must not be disclosed without prior written consent.未事先征得书面许可，此消息不得泄露。◆They have a prior claim (= already existing and therefore more important) to the property.他们有权优先获得此处房产。ⓘ Prior is a more formal way of saying previous, especially when you are talking about making arrangements, giving permission, or deciding which of two people or things is more important; collocates include arrangement, engagement, commitment, notice, notification, warning, consent, approval, authorization, permission and claim. * prior是previous较正式的说法，尤用于谈论安排、许可或确定两者中哪个更重要。与prior搭配的词有arrangement、engagement、commitment、notice、notification、warning、consent、approval、authorization、permission和claim。■ distant [usually before noun] far away in time （时间上）遥远的；久远的◆The time we spent together is now a distant memory.我们一起度过的时光现已成为遥远的记忆。◆We will be moving house in the not too distant future (= quite soon).我们很快就要搬家。■ remote /rɪˈməʊt; NAmE rɪˈmoʊt/ [only before noun] very far away in time （时间上）遥远的；久远的◆a remote ancestor (= one who lived a long time ago) 远祖NOTE 辨析 Distant or remote?The distant past/future is not always as far away in time as the remote past/future. You can talk about the not too distant past/future, meaning 'not very long ago/quite soon', but not◆the not too remote past/future * distant past/future不一定如remote past/future久远。not too distant past/future指不久之前或不远的将来，但不说the not too remote past/future。■ bygone /ˈbaɪgɒn; NAmE ˈbaɪgɔːn, ˈbaɪgɑːn/ [only before noun] (written) belonging to an earlier time 以前的；以往的；昔日的◆The horse and cart belongs to a bygone era.马车属于过去的时代。 |