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period noun
⇨ period (the Victorian period) ⇨ class 2 (It's French next period.) ⇨ time 2 (a period of time)period noun period ♦︎ century ♦︎ decade ♦︎ day ♦︎ time ♦︎ era ♦︎ age ♦︎ generation ♦︎ epochThese are all words for a length of time, especially in the life of a particular person or the history of a particular country. 这些词均表示时期。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in a period / the ... century / a decade / ...day(s) / the time of... / ...times / an era / the age of... / a generation / an epoch◆during the period / century / decade / days / era / age / epoch◆a new period / century / decade / era / generation / epoch◆(the) present period / century / decade / day / time / era / generation / epoch◆(the) modern period / day / time / era / age◆(the) medieval / Victorian / post-war, etc. period / days / time / era◆to enter a period / a century / a decade / an era / an age◆to usher in a period / an era / an age◆a period / a century / a decade / a time / an era / an age begins / ends◆the beginning / end of a period / a century / a decade / an era / an age / an epoch■ period [countable] a length of time in the history of a particular country or in the life of a particular person （国家历史或人生的）时期，时代◆Which period of history would you most like to have lived in?你最想生活在哪一个历史时期？◆This textbook covers the post-war period.这一课本包含战后时期的历史。◆The picture was painted by Picasso during his blue period.这幅画是毕加索消沉时期的作品。◆Most teenagers go through a period of rebelling.大多数青少年都会经历叛逆期。ⓘ Period is often used to describe a time in a country's history that is studied as a historical subject. * period常指某一国家历史上作为研究课题的一个时期。 see also period ⇨ time 2 ■ century [countable] a period of 100 years; any of the periods of 100 years before or after the birth of Christ * 100年；世纪◆A century ago, weavers and bricklayers in this working class district won some of the earliest strikes for the ten-hour day.一百年前，在这个工人阶级聚集的地区，织布工人和瓦工们的一些早期罢工取得了胜利，争取到了十小时工作制。◆the 20th century (= AD 1901-2000 or 1900-1999) 20世纪◆eighteenth-century writers18世纪的作家■ decade [countable] a period of ten years, especially a period such as 1910-1919 or 2000-2009 十年，十年期（尤指一个年代）◆The effects of climate change have been increasingly apparent over the last decade.过去十年间，气候变化产生的影响越来越明显。◆The nineties were a decade of rapid advances.90年代是迅猛发展的十年。■ day [countable, usually plural] a period of time that is different from other periods because of particular characteristics or events （特别的）时期，时代◆Dickens gives us a vivid picture of poverty in Queen Victoria's day.狄更斯为我们生动地描绘了维多利亚女王时代贫困潦倒的画面。◆Most women stayed at home in those days (= in the past).在那个时代，大多数妇女都待在家里。◆Kids grow up so quickly these days (= in the present).如今孩子长得多快啊。◆This book is a study of European drama, from Ibsen to the present day.本书是对欧洲戏剧的研究，研究范围从易卜生一直到当代戏剧家。◆Slavery continues to exist, even in this day and age (= in the present).即使在今天这个时代，奴役的情况依然存在。 see also in sb's day ⇨ life 2 ■ time [uncountable, plural] a period of time that is connected with particular events or experiences in people's lives 时期；时代；年代◆The movie is set at the time of the Russian revolution.这部影片以俄国革命时期为背景。◆The Industrial Revolution took place in Victorian times.工业革命发生在维多利亚时代。◆The violence of our times (= the present period of history) is nothing new.在我们这个时代，暴力并非什么新鲜事。◆Times are hard for the unemployed.对于失业者来说，世道艰难。◆Times have changed since Grandma was young.时过境迁，现在已不是祖母年轻时那会儿了。 see also time ⇨ time 2 ■ era /ˈɪərə; NAmE ˈɪrə, ˈerə/ [countable] (rather formal) a long period of time that is thought of as having particular characteristics or events （时间跨度大，具有独特性的）时代，年代，纪元◆It is one of the most famous churches built in the Victorian era.那是维多利亚时代建造的最有名的教堂之一。◆When she left the firm, it was the end of an era (= things were different after that).她离开这家公司后，一个时代结束了。◆This is the start of a new era of peace and prosperity.这是一个和平繁荣的新纪元的开始。■ age [countable] a period of time, usually in history, that is different from other periods, especially because it represents a stage in the development of technology or tools （尤指历史上代表技术或工具发展新阶段的）时代，时期◆Are the laws of war still relevant in the nuclear age?战争法则在核时代仍然适用吗？◆This is the age of the computer.现在是电脑时代。◆They dug up several examples of Bronze Age pottery.他们掘出了几件青铜器时期的陶器。◆The golden age of cinema was in the 1950s.20世纪50年代是电影业的黄金时期。◆The museum is putting on an exhibition of spinning through the ages.博物馆正推出一个纺纱历史沿革展览。■ generation [countable] the average time in which children grow up, become adults and have children of their own, usually considered to be about 30 years 代，一代，一辈（通常认为大约30年）◆Divorce is much more common now than it was a generation ago.如今离婚现象比上一代常见多了。◆My family have lived in this house for generations.我家祖祖辈辈都住在这房子里。 see also generation ⇨ age ■ epoch /ˈiːpɒk; NAmE ˈepək/ [countable] (formal) a long period of time in history during which important events or changes happen （时间跨度大、有重要事件或变革发生的）时代，纪元，时期◆The death of the emperor marked the end of an epoch in the country's history.皇帝驾崩标志着该国历史上一个时代的结束。NOTE 辨析 Day, time, era, age or epoch? Era, age and epoch are used more often to mean a period in history. Day and time are often used, especially in the plural, to talk about the present. * era、age和epoch常指一个历史时期。day和time常表示现在，尤用复数形式◆these days如今◆modern times现代When day or time means a period in history, it is often used after a person's name. * day或time表示历史时期时，常用在一个人名的后面◆The battle happened in King Alfred's day.这场战争发生在阿尔弗烈德国王时代。◆The family was very poor in my great grandmother's time.我曾祖母那个时候，家里很穷。 class2 noun Which classes are you taking? 你在上什么课？work hard in class 在课堂上用功学习the youngest in the class 班上年龄最小的人all classes of society 社会各阶层class ♦︎ session ♦︎ lesson ♦︎ seminar ♦︎ workshop ♦︎ tutorial ♦︎ periodThese are all words for a period of time that is spent learning sth. 这些词均表示用来学习的一段时间、一节课。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a class / session / lesson / seminar / workshop / tutorial on sth◆in / during a class / session / lesson / seminar / workshop / tutorial / period◆at a class / session / lesson / seminar / workshop / tutorial◆to go to / attend a class / session / lesson / seminar / workshop / tutorial◆to miss a class / session / lesson / seminar / workshop / tutorial / period◆to have a class / lesson / seminar / workshop / tutorial◆to give / conduct a class / session / lesson / seminar / workshop / tutorial◆to teach a class / session / lesson / seminar◆to hold / run a class / session / seminar / workshop◆a class / session / lesson / seminar / workshop / tutorial takes place■ class [countable, uncountable] an occasion when a group of students meet to be taught 课；上课◆I have an English class at 11.我11点钟有英语课。◆Please see me after class.请下课后来见我。◆She works hard in class (= during lessons).她上课很用功。■ session [countable] a period of time that is spent doing a particular activity 一场；一节；一段时间◆a photo / recording / training session一段接受拍照的时间；一场录音；一堂训练课◆Your presentation will be part of the morning session.你将安排在上午的课里做简报。◆The programme is made up of 12 two-hour sessions.这门课总共12节，每节两小时。■ lesson [countable] a period of time in which sb is taught sth 一节课；一课时◆New students get lessons in how to use the library.新生要上如何使用图书馆的课。◆piano / driving lessons钢琴课；驾驶课◆I've decided to take golf lessons.我决定上高尔夫球课。◆She made a living giving private lessons in English.她以做英语家教为生。◆ (especially BrE) What did we do last lesson?我们上节课学了什么内容？NOTE 辨析 Class or lesson?A class is always for a group of people being taught together; a lesson can be for a group of people or for just one person. * class总是一群人一起上课；lesson可以是为一群人或只为一个人授课。■ seminar / /ˈsemɪnɑː(r)/ / [countable] a class at a college or university when a group of students and a teacher discuss or study a particular topic; a meeting of people for training or discussion （大学里的）专题讨论课；培训会；研讨会◆Teaching is by lectures and seminars.教学形式为讲座和研讨课。◆a seminar room / group上讨论课的教室；讨论小组◆The company organizes management seminars.这家公司筹办管理研讨会。■ workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp; NAmE ˈwɜːrkʃɑːp/ [countable] a period of discussion and practical work on a particular subject, in which a group of people share ideas, knowledge or experience 研讨会；讲习班◆a drama / poetry workshop戏剧研讨班；诗歌讲习班◆There are two management development workshops per year.每年有两次管理技能提高研讨会。■ tutorial /tjuːˈtɔːriəl; NAmE tuːˈtɔːriəl/ [countable] a period of teaching in a college or university that involves discussion between an individual student or a very small group of students and a teacher （大学导师的）个别辅导，小组辅导课◆Students have to write an essay for each weekly tutorial.学生需要为每周的辅导课写短篇论文。 see also tutor ⇨ teacher ■ period [countable] any of the parts that a day is divided into at a school or college for study 节；学时；课◆We've got French next period.我们下节课上法语。◆I have two free / study periods (= for private study) on Tuesday afternoons.我每个星期二下午有两节自习课。 time2 noun It's time for lunch. 午餐时间到了。a long time ago 很久以前time ♦︎ period ♦︎ season ♦︎ while ♦︎ term ♦︎ run ♦︎ spell ♦︎ interval ♦︎ stint ♦︎ span ♦︎ patchThese are all words for a length of time during which sth lasts, happens or is done. 这些词均表示一段时间、时期。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a time / a period / a season / a term / a run / a spell / an interval / a stint / a span / a patch of sth◆a time / period / season / term / spell / stint as sth◆for a time / a period / a season / a while / a term / a spell / an interval / a stint / a span◆during a time / a period / a season / a term / a run / a spell / an interval / a stint / a span / a ... patch◆after a time / a period / a season / a while / a term / a run / a spell / an interval / a stint / a ... patch◆a long time / period / season / while / term / run / spell / interval / stint / span◆a short time / period / season / while / term / spell / interval / stint / span◆a brief time / period / season / while / spell / interval / stint / span◆a bad time / period / season / run / spell / patch◆a difficult / lean time / period / season / spell / patch◆a successful time / period / season / term / run / stint◆to have a ... time / period / season / run / spell / patch◆to enjoy a time / period / season / run / spell◆to go through a ... time / period / season / spell / patch◆to do a term / spell / stint■ time [countable] a period of time, either long or short, during which you do sth or sth happens （或长或短的）一段时间◆I lived in Egypt for a time.我在埃及住了一阵子。◆His injuries will take a long time to heal.他的伤需要很长一段时间才能好。◆Her parents died a long time ago.她的父母很久以前就去世了。◆At one time (= at a period of time in the past) Emily was my best friend.埃米莉一度是我最好的朋友。◆Mr Curtis was the manager in my time (= when I was working there).我在那里工作时，柯蒂斯先生是经理。◆The early morning is the best time of day.清晨是一天最好的时光。◆There were times－sometimes whole weeks－when I thought it wasn't worth trying to complete the project.有时候－有时是整个星期－我都觉得努力完成这个项目是不值得的。 see also time ⇨ period ■ period [countable] a length of time during which sth lasts, happens or is done （某事持续、发生或完成的）一段时间，时期◆There was a long period of uncertainty before we knew the final decision.我们知道最终决定前，有很长时间事态并不明朗。◆The factory will be closed down over a period of two years.这家工厂将在两年内关闭。◆This compares with a 4% increase for the same period last year.这和去年同期4%的升幅相若。◆The project will run for a six-month trial period.这个项目将试运行六个月。 see also period ⇨ period NOTE 辨析 Time or period? Time places more emphasis on the feeling of time passing and things happening during the period; period places more emphasis on the amount of time that passed or has passed, and the things that did happen or have happened. * time更强调时间流逝的感觉和在期间发生的事情；period更强调这段时间有多长，以及期间确实发生过的事◆I lived in Egypt for a period. ◆The factory will be closed down over a time of two years. When you are talking about things that happen regularly, you can use either word, but period is slightly more formal. 当谈论的事情是定期、有规律地发生时，这两个词可以通用，但period稍正式些◆There are extra buses at peak times / periods.繁忙时段公交车会增开班次。 ■ season [countable] a period during a year when a particular activity happens or is done, or when a particular style of clothes, hair, etc. is popular and fashionable （一年中开展某项活动的）季节，旺季；（一年中时装、发型等的）流行期◆the cricket / hunting / shooting season板球赛季；狩猎季节◆the breeding / mating / growing / planting season繁殖／交配／生长／栽种季节◆She scored her first goal of the season on Saturday.她在星期六的比赛中打进了她在本赛季的第一个球。◆The hotels are always full during the peak season (= the period when most people are on holiday).在旺季，这些旅馆总是客满。◆ (BrE) the holiday season度假旺季◆ (NAmE) the tourist season旅游旺季◆ (BrE) Best wishes for the festive season (= Christmas).祝圣诞节节期愉快。◆ (NAmE) the holiday season (= the time of Thanksgiving, Hanukkah, Christmas and New Year) 节假日期间（包括感恩节、修殿节、圣诞节和新年）◆It's much cheaper to buy a season ticket (= a single ticket that lasts a whole season).购买季票要便宜得多。◆This season's look is soft and romantic.这段时间的流行风格是柔和、浪漫。ⓘ Season also means a period of time during which a play is shown in one place, or a series of plays, films or television programmes. * season还指一部戏剧在某地的演出期，或一系列戏剧、电影或电视节目的集中上映、荟萃◆The play opens for a second season in London next week.下周这部剧将在伦敦开始第二轮演出。◆a season of films by Alfred Hitchcock阿尔弗雷德•希区柯克电影作品展 ■ while [singular] a period of time 一段时间◆They chatted for a while.他们聊了一会儿。◆I'll be back in a little while (= a short time).我一会儿就回来。◆I haven't seen him for quite a while (= a fairly long time).我有一阵子没见到他了。ⓘ While is used especially to talk about the fairly long or fairly short time that sb spends doing sth or waiting for sth to happen, or how long sth takes. * while尤指要么很长，要么很短的时间，如花在做某事或等候的时间，或指做某事要花的时间。■ term [countable] a period during which sth lasts; a fixed or limited period of time 期；期限；任期◆during the president's first term of / in office在总统的首届任期内◆He faces a maximum prison / jail term of 25 years.他面临25年的最高刑期。◆The term of agreement can be for either two or three years.该协议的期限可为两年或三年。■ run [countable] a period during which sth good or bad lasts or is repeated; a series of performances of a play or film 一段（幸运或倒霉的）时光；连续上演（或放映）◆a run of good / bad luck一连串好运／厄运◆Liverpool lost to Leeds, ending an unbeaten run of 18 games.利物浦队输给了利兹队，结束了连续18场不败的纪录。◆The show is enjoying a record-breaking run at the Shaftesbury Theatre.这场表演在沙夫茨伯里剧院连续上演，打破了纪录。■ spell [countable] a short period during which sth lasts, especially weather; a short period that you spend working somewhere or doing sth （持续的）一段时间（尤指天气）；（在某处工作或干某事的）短期时间◆We had a spell of warm weather in April.4月份我们度过了一段温暖的日子。◆a cold / hot / wet / bright spell一段寒冷／炎热／多雨／晴朗的日子◆She went to the doctor complaining of dizzy spells.她去找医生看病，说自己一阵阵地眩晕。◆I spent a brief spell on the Washington Post.我曾在《华盛顿邮报》工作过一小段时间。■ interval [countable, usually plural] a short period during which sth different happens from what is happening the rest of the time （其他事情）穿插出现的间隙◆She's delirious most of the time, but has lucid intervals.她大部分时间神志昏乱，但有时清醒。◆She ruled for ten years, except for a brief interval.除了短暂间歇之外，她统治了十年。■ stint [countable] a period that you spend working somewhere or doing a particular activity 从事某项工作（或活动）的时间◆She did a stint abroad early in her career.她刚参加工作时在国外干过一段时间。◆He hated his two-year stint in the Navy.他憎恨在海军服役的那两年。■ span [countable] the length of time that sth lasts or is able to continue 持续时间◆I worked with him several times over a span of six years.六年之中我和他共事过几次。◆This textbook covers the entire span of Arab history.这本教科书涵盖了整个阿拉伯的历史。◆The project must be completed within a specific time span.这项工程必须在规定期限内完成。◆Small children have a short attention span.幼儿注意力持续时间短。■ patch [countable] (especially BrE, informal) a period of the type mentioned, usually a difficult or unhappy one 一段（艰难）岁月；一段（痛苦）日子◆The team has been through a rough patch recently.团队近来经历了一段艰难时期。 |