king ♦︎ queen ♦︎ ruler ♦︎ emperor ♦︎ monarch ♦︎ the crown ♦︎ sovereign ♦︎ regentThese are all words for sb who rules a country or area who is not elected but is usually a member of a royal family.这些词均表示君主、统治者。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆under a king / a queen / a ruler / an emperor / a monarch◆a great / strong king / queen / ruler / emperor / monarch◆the rightful king / queen / ruler / sovereign◆the former king / queen / ruler / emperor / monarch◆the reigning king / queen / emperor / monarch◆a / an deposed / exiled king / queen / emperor / monarch◆a hereditary / absolute ruler / monarch / sovereign◆to become king / queen / ruler / emperor / monarch / regent◆to crown sb (as) / proclaim sb king / queen / emperor◆a king / a queen / an emperor / a monarch reigns / rules◆a king / a queen / an emperor abdicates■king ( King) [countable] the male ruler of an independent state that has a royal family; used as a title君主，国王（可用作称号）◆The ceremony was attended by the King of Spain.西班牙国王出席了这次典礼。◆His daughter, Anne, married King Richard III.他的女儿安妮嫁给了国王理查三世。◆He was crowned king at the age of fifteen.他十五岁时加冕为国王。 see also kingdom ⇨ republic■queen ( Queen) [countable] the female ruler of an independent state that has a royal family; the wife of a king; used as a title女王，王后（可用作称号）◆The banquet will be hosted by the Queen(= the current Queen of England, Elizabeth II) at Buckingham Palace.女王将在白金汉宫主持这次宴会。◆She became queen after the sudden death of her brother.她在哥哥猝死之后当上了女王。◆The King and Queen of Denmark attended the wedding.丹麦国王和王后出席了这次婚礼。ⓘ The wife of a king may be called a queen or queen consort, but the husband of a queen is not called a king; he usually has the title prince.国王的妻子可称作queen或queen consort，但女王的丈夫不称作king，其头衔通常是prince（亲王）。■ruler [countable] a person who rules a country or area统治者◆He established himself as ruler over both tribes.他确立了自己在两个部落中的首领地位。◆There was a successful coup against the country's military rulers.那个国家推翻军事统治者的政变取得了成功。ⓘ Ruler is a general word for sb who rules a country or area, usually one who is not elected. It can refer to the head of a royal family such as a king or queen or to an individual who has complete power and has usually come to power by force such as a military ruler or dictator. It can also refer to a more powerful country that rules over another country or area. * ruler泛指某个国家或地区的统治者，通常非经由选举产生，可以是王室的首脑，如国王或女王；可以是集权者，如以武力夺取政权的军事统治者或独裁者；还可指统治或支配其他国家或地区的强国◆Vietnam still had strong links with France, the former colonial ruler.越南与其原殖民统治国法国仍然有着密切关联。 see also rule ⇨ ruleverb1■emperor ( Emperor) / /ˈempərə(r)/ / [countable] the ruler of an empire(= a group of countries or states that are ruled or governed by one ruler or government); used as a title皇帝（可用作称号）◆It is the tomb of the first real emperor of China, Emperor Qin Shi Huang.这是中国第一位真正的皇帝秦始皇的坟墓。ⓘ A female ruler of an empire can be called an empress.女皇称为empress。 see also empire ⇨ republic■monarch / /ˈmɒnək; NAmEˈmɑːnərk, ˈmɑːnɑːrk/ [countable] a king, queen or emperor君主；帝王◆The constitutional monarch(= a king or queen whose power is controlled by a set of laws), as head of state, has limited powers.君主立宪制国家的国君，作为国家元首，其权力受到制约。■the crown ( the Crown) [singular] the government of a country thought of as being represented by a king or queen; the position or power of a king or queen王国政府；王国；王位；王权◆Knights swore an oath of allegiance to the Crown.骑士们宣誓效忠于王权。◆He had a claim to the crown of France.他拥有获得法国王位的权利。ⓘ In the UK, the Crown is used to refer to the government or the state, especially in legal contexts. For example, in criminal trials, it is the Crown that brings a criminal charge against sb on behalf of the state.在英国，the Crown尤用于法律语境，指英国政府或国家。例如，在刑事案件的审理过程中，the Crown代表国家对罪犯提起刑事检控◆Who's appearing for the Crown in this case?谁将在此案中代表王国政府出庭？■sovereign /ˈsɒvrɪn; NAmEˈsɑːvrən/ [countable] (formal) the ruler of a country, especially a monarch国家元首；（尤指）君主◆The islands are ruled by a governor, representing the British sovereign.这些岛屿由总督代表英国君主管辖。NOTE辨析 Monarchs and sovereignsMonarch and sovereign are both used to refer to any king or queen of a country rather than as a title for a particular king or queen, especially when describing the system of government in general. Sovereign is more formal than monarch. * monarch和sovereign都指一个国家的国王或女王，而非特定某位国王或女王的称号，尤用于泛指政府体制。sovereign比monarch正式些。■regent ( Regent) /ˈriːdʒənt/ / [countable] a person who rules a country because the king or queen is too young, old or ill摄政者；摄政王◆She acted as regent until her son was old enough to be crowned king.她担任摄政王，直到儿子及龄加冕成为国王为止。