ban ♦︎ sanction ♦︎ boycott ♦︎ embargo ♦︎ prohibition ♦︎ moratorium ♦︎ veto ♦︎ tabooThese are all words for a rule, order or custom which does not allow people to do sth or for the act of stopping sth from being done.这些词均表示禁令、约束、禁忌。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a ban / sanctions / a boycott / an embargo / a prohibition / a veto / a moratorium / a taboo on sb / sth◆a ban / sanctions / a boycott / an embargo / a prohibition / a veto / a taboo against sb / sth◆a total ban / boycott / embargo / prohibition / moratorium◆(an) international ban / sanctions / boycott / embargo / moratorium◆(a) trade ban / sanctions / boycott / embargo◆(an) economic sanctions / boycott / embargo◆to impose a ban / sanctions / a boycott / an embargo / a prohibition / a moratorium / a veto◆to call for / introduce a ban / sanctions / a boycott / a prohibition / a moratorium◆to enforce / tighten / ease a ban / sanctions / an embargo◆to comply with a ban / sanctions / a prohibition◆to break a ban / sanctions / an embargo / a taboo◆to lift a ban / sanctions / a boycott / an embargo / a prohibition / a veto◆a ban / sanctions / an embargo come / comes into force■ban [countable] an official rule that says that sth is not allowed; the fact of sb being officially stopped from doing sth for a period of time as a punishment禁令;(作为惩罚的)禁止◆There is to be a total ban on smoking in the office.办公室将彻底禁止吸烟。◆The students took to the streets, defying a ban on political gatherings.学生违抗禁止政治集会的命令,走上街头。◆The sprinter received a lengthy ban for failing a drugs test.这名短跑运动员未通过药检,遭到长时间禁赛。◆He faces a possible life ban from international football.他可能面临终身禁止参加国际足球赛事。■sanction / /ˈsæŋkʃn/ / [countable, usually plural] an official order that limits trade or contact with a particular country, in order to make it do sth, such as obeying international law制裁◆Trade sanctions were imposed against any country that refused to sign the agreement.凡拒签该协议的国家均受到了贸易制裁。■boycott / /ˈbɔɪkɒt; NAmEˈbɔɪkɑːt/ [countable] the act of refusing to buy, use or take part in sth as a way of protesting(对某事物的)抵制◆Opposition groups declared a boycott of the elections.反对派宣布抵制选举。◆The group is calling for a consumer boycott of the company's products.该团体正号召消费者抵制那家公司的产品。 see also boycott ⇨ avoidverb■embargo /ɪmˈbɑːgəʊ; NAmEɪmˈbɑːrgoʊ/ [countable] an official order that forbids trade with another country, sometimes of a particular type of goods(对特定种类货物的)贸易禁令;禁运◆There is a strict embargo on oil imports.严禁进口石油产品。◆We knew the arms embargo was being broken.我们知道武器禁运遭到了破坏。■prohibition /ˌprəʊɪˈbɪʃn; NAmEˌproʊəˈbɪʃn/ [uncountable, countable] the act of stopping sth being done or used, especially by law; a law or rule that says that sth is not allowed(尤指通过法律的)禁止,阻止;禁令◆The RSPB has called for the prohibition of all imports of wild birds.皇家鸟类保护协会已呼吁禁止进口一切野生雀鸟。■moratorium /ˌmɒrəˈtɔːriəm; NAmEˌmɔːrəˈtɔːriəm/ (pluralmoratoriumsormoratoria) [countable] an official agreement that an activity must stop for a period of time(经官方同意的)暂停,中止◆The convention called for a two-year moratorium on commercial whaling.该公约要求两年内暂停商业捕鲸活动。■veto /ˈviːtəʊ; NAmEˈviːtoʊ/ (pluralvetoes) [countable] an occasion when sb uses their right to refuse to allow sth to be done拒绝认可;禁止◆For months there was a veto on employing new staff.有好几个月禁止雇用新员工。 see also veto ⇨ refusalnoun, veto ⇨ refuseverb■taboo /təˈbuː/ / [countable] a cultural or religious custom that does not allow people to do, use or talk about a particular thing as people find it offensive or embarrassing; a general agreement not to do or talk about sth(文化或宗教习俗方面的)禁忌,戒律;避讳◆Death is one of the great taboos in our culture.在我们的文化中,“死亡”是一大忌。◆There is still a taboo on the subject in our family.这个话题在我们家里仍然讳莫如深。 see also taboo ⇨ forbiddenadj.
allow
verb
allow ♦︎ let ♦︎ grant ♦︎ permit ♦︎ entitle ♦︎ authorize ♦︎ license ♦︎ qualify ♦︎ OK ♦︎ sanction ♦︎ empower ♦︎ clearThese words all mean to decide or say that sb may do sth or receive sth, or that sth may happen.这些词均表示允许、准许、批准。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to allow / permit / entitle / authorize / license / empower / clear sb to do sth◆to let sb do sth◆to allow / let / permit yourself sth / (to) do sth◆to allow / be entitled to / authorize / sanction payment◆to be legally allowed / permitted / entitled / authorized / sanctioned / empowered◆to be officially allowed / permitted / entitled / authorized / sanctioned◆to be (not) normally allowed / granted / permitted / entitled◆to automatically grant sth / entitle sb to sth / qualify sb for sth■allow [transitive] to decide or say that sb may do or have sth, or that sth may happen or be done允许;准许◆His parents won't allow him to stay out late.他的父母不允许他在外面待到很晚。◆He is not allowed to stay out late.他不可以在外面待到很晚。◆Smoking is not allowed in here.这里不准吸烟。◆No dogs allowed(= you cannot bring them in).禁止携狗入内。◆The prisoners are allowed out of their cells for two hours a day.囚犯每天可以放风两个小时。◆You're allowed half an hour to complete the test.你有半个小时完成这个测试。◆I sometimes allow myself the luxury of a cigar.我偶尔让自己奢侈一下,吸支雪茄。◆He allowed his mind to wander.他任思绪畅游。OPPforbid ⇨ banverb■let(letting, let, let) [transitive] to allow sb to do sth or allow sth to happen without trying to stop it允许;让◆They never let the children play outside.他们从不让孩子到外边玩耍。◆I wanted to drive but she wouldn't let me.我想开车,但她不让。◆Don't let it upset you.别让那件事搅得你心烦。◆Let me help you with your luggage.让我帮你提行李吧。ⓘ When it means 'allow' let is not used in the passive.表示允许之义时,let不用于被动语态◆The children are never let play outside.However, let can also mean 'to open a door so that sb can go in or out' and in this meaning it can be active or passive.但是let还有“开门准许进出”之义,这时,主动语态和被动语态都可以使用◆I'll give you a key so you can let yourself in.我给你一把钥匙,你可以自行进入。◆The cat wants to be let out.这只猫想要出去。Note the difference between let sb out(= open the door for them)and allow sb out(= give them permission to go out).注意区分let sb out(打开门让某人出去)和allow sb out(准许某人出去)。■grant [transitive, often passive] (ratherformal) to agree to give sb what they ask for, especially formal or legal permission to do sth(尤指正式地或法律上)同意,准予◆Planning permission for the development was granted last week.上周下发了开发规划许可。◆The government granted an amnesty to all political prisoners.政府赦免了所有政治犯。◆She was granted a divorce.她获准离婚。◆Her wish was granted.她得偿所愿了。 see also award ⇨ give1■permit / /pəˈmɪt; NAmEpərˈmɪt/ (-tt-) [transitive] (formal) to allow sb to do sth; to allow sth to happen允许;准许◆The banks were not permitted to invest overseas.这些银行不许投资海外。◆The rules of the club do not permit it.俱乐部规定不可以这样做。◆Radios are not permitted in the library.图书馆内不许使用收音机。◆Permit me to make a suggestion.容我提个建议吧。OPPban,forbid,prohibit ⇨ banverb see also permission ⇨ permission, permit ⇨ licencenoun■entitle /ɪnˈtaɪtl/ / [transitive, often passive] to give sb the right to have or do sth使享有权利;使符合资格◆Passengers will be entitled to a full refund of the cost of the ticket.乘客购票款可全额退还。◆Of course, he's entitled to his opinion but I think he's wrong.当然,他有权发表他的看法,但是我认为他错了。 see also entitlement ⇨ rightnoun■authorize (BrE alsoauthorise) / /ˈɔːθəraɪz/ / [transitive] to give official permission for sth, or for sb to do sth批准;授权◆I can authorize payments up to £5 000.我有权批准的付款限额是5 000英镑。◆I have authorized him to act for me while I am away.我已授权他在我外出时做我的全权代表。OPPprohibit ⇨ banverb see also authorization ⇨ permission, authorization ⇨ licencenoun■license (BrE also, less frequentlicence) / /ˈlaɪsns/ / [transitive] to give sb official permission to do, own or use sth; to give official permission for sth to be done批准;许可◆The drug is not licensed for long-term use.这种药不得长期服用。◆The hotel is licensed to sell alcohol.这家旅馆有售酒许可。◆The company plans to license the technology to others.公司计划将这项技术转让他人。 see also licence ⇨ licencenoun■qualify [intransitive, transitive] to have the right to do or receive sth; to give sb this right有权;使有权◆You have to be over 60 to qualify.你得60岁以上才有资格。◆She didn't qualify for a full pension.她没有权利享受全额养老金。◆Membership of the scheme qualifies you for the discount.作为这个计划的成员,你有权享受打折优惠。■OK ( okay) [transitive] (informal) to officially agree to sth or allow it to happen正式批准;同意◆The chairman OK'd the request.主席答应了那个请求。◆The property has to be valued before a mortgage loan is OK'd.要取得按揭贷款得先对房产进行估价。■sanction / /ˈsæŋkʃn/ / [transitive] (formal) to give permission for sth to happen许可;准许◆The military refused to sanction a transfer of power to a civilian government.军方拒绝将权力移交给文官政府。■empower / /ɪmˈpaʊə(r)/ / [transitive, often passive] (formal) to give sb the power or authority to do sth赋予权力;授权◆The courts were empowered to impose the death sentence for certain crimes.法院有权对某些罪行的犯人判处死刑。■clear [transitive] to give or get official approval for sth to be done; to give official permission for a person, ship, plane or goods to leave or enter a place, or for a person to be given special work or see special papers准许;批准(人、船、飞机或货物)进入(或离开);批准(做机密工作或阅读机密文件)◆I'll have to clear it with the manager before I can refund your money.我要得到经理批准后才能给你退款。◆The plane had been cleared for take-off.飞机已得到起飞许可。◆She hasn't been cleared by security.她尚未得到安保部门的批准做机要工作。 see also clearance ⇨ permission