say verb ⇨say1 (‘Hello!’ she said.)⇨say2 (I can't say I blame her.)⇨say3 (We'll finish in, let's say, three months.)⇨predict (Who can say where it will end?)⇨quote (say a quiet prayer)⇨I dare say⇨supposesay noun ⇨power
say1
verb
'Hello!' she said.“喂！”她说。I can't say I blame her.我不能说是她不对。We'll finish in, let's say, three months.比方说，三个月我们就能完成。say ♦︎ speak ♦︎ talkThese words all mean to use your voice to express sth, especially in words.这些词均表示说、讲。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to say sth / speak / talk to sb◆to say sth / speak / talk about sth◆They were speaking / talking (in) French.■say(said, said) [transitive] to tell sb sth, using words说；讲；告诉◆She said nothing to me about it.她没有跟我说过这件事。◆That's a terrible thing to say.这话可说不得。◆I didn't believe a word she said.她说的话我一句都不信。◆He said (that) his name was Sam.他说他的名字叫萨姆。◆She finds it hard to say what she feels.她觉得自己内心的感受难以言说。◆'Why can't I go out now?' 'Because I say so.'“为什么我现在不能出去？”“因为我说了不能。”◆He said to meet him here.他说来这儿跟他见面。ⓘ In stories, the subject often comes after said, says or say when it follows the actual words spoken, unless it is a pronoun.在故事或小说中，当said、says或say出现在直接引语的后面时，主语（代词除外）常位于said等之后◆'Hello!' she said.“喂！”她说。◆'That was marvellous,' said Daniel.“好极了。”丹尼尔说。■speak(spoke, spoken) [intransitive] to use your voice to say sth说话；讲话◆He can't speak because of a throat infection.他嗓子发炎，不能说话。◆Please speak more slowly.请说慢一点。◆Without speaking, she stood up and went out.她没有说话，站起身来走了出去。◆What language are they speaking in?他们说的是哪种语言？◆He speaks with a strange accent.他说话口音很特别。ⓘ Speak also means 'to be able to use a particular language'. In this meaning it is not used in the progressive tenses. * speak还可表示“会说某种语言”，表达此义时不用于进行时 [transitive] ◆She speaks several languages / a little Urdu / an unusual dialect.她会说几种语言／一点乌尔都语／一种罕见的方言。◆Do you speak English?你会讲英语吗？ see also speak ⇨ talk, speaker ⇨ speaker1■talk [intransitive, transitive] to say words in a language（用某种语言）讲，说，说话◆Alex can't talk yet－he's only just one year old.亚历克斯还不会说话－他才一岁大。◆Are they talking Swedish or Danish?他们说的是瑞典语还是丹麦语？ see also talk ⇨ talk, talker ⇨ speaker1NOTE辨析 Speak or talk?Talk is much more frequent than speak in spoken English. If sb can't speak they are physically unable to speak because of illness, disability or emotion. If you are talking about a baby who has not learned to talk yet, use talk.在口语中talk比speak常用得多。can't speak指由于生病、残疾或情感等原因失去了说话的能力。表示婴儿尚未学会说话要用talk。
say2
verb
'Hello!' she said.“喂！”她说。I can't say I blame her.我不能说是她不对。We'll finish in, let's say, three months.比方说，三个月我们就能完成。➡ See also the entries for ⇨ declare and ⇨ show3另见declare条和show条第3义say ♦︎ talk ♦︎ express ♦︎ put ♦︎ voice ♦︎ air ♦︎ phraseThese words all mean to let people know how you feel or what you think by speaking.这些词均表示用言语表达、表述。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to express / voice / air your thoughts / opinions / views / concerns◆to express / put / phrase sth clearly◆to talk / express yourself / air sth openly◆to talk / express yourself freely■say(said, said) [transitive, intransitive] to give an opinion on sth表达，表述（见解）◆Say what you like(= although you disagree) about her, she's a fine singer.随你怎么说，反正她是个优秀歌手。◆I'll say this for them, they're a very efficient company.我要为他们说句公道话，他们公司的效率的确很高。◆Anna thinks I'm lazy－what do you say(= what is your opinion)?安娜认为我懒惰－你说呢?◆It's hard to say what caused the accident.很难说造成事故的原因是什么。◆I can't say I blame her for resigning(= I think she was right).她辞职了，我不能说她不对。◆I wouldn't say they were rich(= in my opinion they are not rich).我认为他们并不富裕。◆'When will it be finished?' 'I couldn't say(= I don't know).'“什么时候能够完成？”“说不好。”■talk [intransitive, transitive] to say things, especially in order to express feelings or ideas; to say things that are/are not sensible说话；谈论；说，讲（有理、无理的话）◆Stop talking and listen!别说话了，注意听！◆He talked excitedly of his plans.他兴奋地谈起自己的计划。◆She talks a lot of sense.她讲得很在理。◆You're talking nonsense!你胡说八道！➡ See also the entry for ⇨ talk另见talk条■express [transitive] (ratherformal) to show or make known a feeling, opinion or idea by words, looks or actions表示，表达，表露（感情、意见或想法）◆Teachers have expressed concern about the emphasis on testing.教师对偏重考试的问题表示担忧。◆Perhaps I have not expressed myself very well.也许我没把自己的意思表达清楚。◆She expresses herself most fully in her paintings.她在画作中把自己的感情表现得淋漓尽致。ⓘ Express is often followed by a noun describing a feeling or emotion. * express后面常接表示感觉或感情的名词◆to express (your, my, etc.) dissatisfaction / fear / horror / gratitude / desire表达（你的、我的等）不满／担忧／惊恐／感激／欲望Say and talk cannot be used in this way. Use express yourself to talk about saying what you think or feel so that people understand, or with by,through or in to talk about showing your feelings in a particular way, such as through art or poetry. * say和talk不能这样用。express yourself指表达自己的思想感情以使别人明白，或与by、through或in连用，指以某种形式（如通过艺术或诗歌等）来表现自己的感情。 see also expression ⇨ expression1■put [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to express or state sth in a particular way（以某种方式）说，表达◆She put it very tactfully.她的话说得很巧妙。◆Put simply, we accept their offer or go bankrupt.简单地说吧，我们要么接受他们的条件，要么破产。◆I was, to put it mildly, annoyed(= I was extremely angry).委婉点地说，我很不高兴。◆He was too trusting－or, to put it another way, he had no head for business.他太轻信人了－或者换个说法，他没有商业头脑。◆She had never tried to put this feeling into words.她从未试图把这种感情说出来。■voice [transitive] (ratherformal) to tell people your feelings or opinions about sth表示，表达，吐露（感情或意见）◆A number of parents have voiced concern about their children's safety.一些家长对子女的安全表示担心。■air [transitive] (ratherformal) to express your opinions publicly公开发表（意见）◆The weekly meeting enables employees to air their grievances.每周的例会使雇员有机会诉说委屈。NOTE辨析 Voice or air?You can voice an opinion to one person, but if you air an opinion, you are usually sharing it with many people, at a meeting for example. * voice可指向一个人表达意见，而air通常指向众人公开发表意见，如在会议上。■phrase [transitive] to say or write sth, arranging the words in a particular way（以某种方式）表达，措辞，推敲◆I agree with what he says, but I'd have phrased it differently.我赞同他说的话，但我会以不同的方式来表述。
say3
verb
'Hello!' she said.“喂！”她说。I can't say I blame her.我不能说是她不对。We'll finish in, let's say, three months.比方说，三个月我们就能完成。say ♦︎ suppose ♦︎ speculate ♦︎ presume ♦︎ postulate ♦︎ presupposeThese words all mean to suggest or give sth as a possibility, or act as if sth were true even though you have no definite proof.这些词均表示假定、假设。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to say / suppose / speculate / presume / postulate / presuppose that...◆to suppose / presume / postulate / presuppose the existence of sth◆let's (just) / let us say / suppose (that...)■say(said, said) [transitive, no passive] (especiallyspoken) used to give or suggest sth as an example or possibility比方说；假设◆You could learn the basics in, let's say, three months.比方说，三个月你就可以掌握基本知识。◆Take any writer, say(= for example) Dickens...随便举一个作家为例，比如说狄更斯⋯◆Say you lose your job. What then?假设你丢了工作，那会怎样？■suppose [transitive] to pretend that sth is true; to imagine what would happen if sth were true假定；假设；设想◆Suppose all the flights are booked on that day. Which other day could we go?假定那天的航班都订满了，我们还可以哪天走呢？◆Let us suppose, for example, that you are married with two children.比方说，假设你成家了，还有两个孩子。◆Suppose him dead－what then?假如他死了，那怎么办？■speculate / /ˈspekjuleɪt/ / [transitive] to form an opinion about sth without knowing all the details or facts推测；猜测；推断◆Everyone speculated wildly about the reasons for her resignation.大家都胡乱推测她辞职的原因。◆It's useless to speculate why he did it.对于他为什么这样做，妄加猜测一点用也没有。 see also speculation ⇨ speculation, speculative ⇨ supposed■presume /prɪˈzjuːm; NAmEprɪˈzuːm/ [transitive] (ratherformal) to accept that sth is true until it is shown not to be true, for example in court; to accept sth as true or real and take action on that basis（在法庭上等）推定，假定；假设（作为行事的基础）◆Twelve passengers are missing, presumed dead.有十二名旅客失踪，已推定罹难。◆In English law, a person is presumed innocent until proven guilty.英国法律规定，一个人在被证明有罪之前推定为无辜。 see also presumption ⇨ speculation, presume ⇨ suppose■postulate /ˈpɒstjuleɪt; NAmEˈpɑːstʃəleɪt/ [transitive] (formal) to suggest or accept that sth is true so that it can be used as the basis of a theory or argument假定，假设（以作为理论或论证的基础）◆Some linguists have postulated a change in English pronunciation from around 1600.一些语言学家假定大约从1600年开始英语发音出现了变化。■presuppose /ˌpriːsəˈpəʊz; NAmEˌpriːsəˈpoʊz/ [transitive] (formal) (of a person) to accept sth as true or real and base your actions on that before it has been proved; (of an argument or reason) to depend on sth else being true in order to exist or be valid（人）姑且认为，假设；（论点或理由）以⋯为前提，依⋯而定◆Teachers sometimes presuppose a fairly high level of knowledge on the part of the students.教师有时会假定学生有相当高的知识水平。◆This argument presupposes that all children start off life with equal advantages.这个论点的前提是，所有儿童生来都具有同等的优势。 see also presupposition ⇨ speculation
predict
verb
predict ♦︎ forecast ♦︎ say ♦︎ foresee ♦︎ project ♦︎ prophesyThese words all mean to say what you think will happen in the future.这些词均表示预言、预报。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to predict / forecast / foresee / prophesy that...◆to predict / forecast / say / foresee / prophesy what / how / when / where / who / whether...◆to be predicted / forecast / projected to do sth◆to predict / forecast / foresee / prophesy the future◆to predict / forecast / foresee a trend / the outcome◆to predict / foresee / prophesy war / danger / sb's death◆to be difficult / impossible to predict / forecast / say / foresee / project◆sth was originally predicted / forecast / foreseen / projected◆to predict / forecast / say sth in advance■predict [transitive] to say that sth will happen in the future预言；预告；预报◆a reliable method of predicting earthquakes一种预报地震的可靠方法◆It is impossible to predict with any certainty what effect this will have.不可能准确地预知这将会产生什么样的结果。◆She predicted (that) the election result would be close.她预言选举结果将很接近。◆The trial is predicted to last for months.预料审讯将持续数月之久。 see also prediction ⇨ expectation■forecast / /ˈfɔːkɑːst; NAmEˈfɔːrkæst/ (forecast, forecastedorforecast, forecasted) [transitive] to say what you think will happen in the future based on information you have now预测；预报◆Experts are forecasting a recovery in the economy.专家预测经济将复苏。◆Snow is forecast for tomorrow.预报明天有雪。◆The costs were higher than those originally forecast.成本比起初预测的要高。 see also forecast ⇨ expectationNOTE辨析 Predict or forecast?Someone predicts what will happen based on information available, their knowledge, their opinions or using religious or magic powers. Someone usually forecasts sth based on information available and often using scientific methods. * predict指依据所得到的信息、知识、观点或凭借宗教或法术力量进行预测，forecast通常指依据所得信息并常使用科学方法进行预测或预报。■say(said, said) [transitive, intransitive] (used especially in negative sentences and questions尤用于否定句和疑问句) (ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) to express your opinion about what you think will happen in the future预料；预言◆Who can say what will happen between now and then?谁能预料这段时间会发生什么事？◆'When will it be finished?' 'I couldn't say.'“什么时候能完成？”“说不好。”■foresee /fɔːˈsiː; NAmEfɔːrˈsiː/ (foresaw, forseen) [transitive] to think sth is going to happen in the future; to know about sth before it happens预料；预见；预知◆No one could have foreseen that things would turn out this way.谁也没有预料到事情的结果会这样。◆We do not foresee any problems.我们预料不会出任何问题。 see also foresight ⇨ expectation■project /prəˈdʒekt/ / [transitive, usually passive] (especially business尤用于商业) to estimate what the size, cost or amount of sth will be in the future, based on what is happening now（以目前的情况为依据）预测，预计，推想（规模、费用或数量）◆A growth rate of 4% is projected for next year.预计明年的增长率是4%。◆The unemployment rate has been projected to fall.据预测失业率将下降。 see also projection ⇨ expectation■prophesy /ˈprɒfəsaɪ; NAmEˈprɑːfəsaɪ/ [transitive] to say what will happen in the future, especially using religious or magic powers（尤指通过宗教或法术）预言◆He prophesied that a flood would cover the Earth's surface.他预言洪水将淹没地球表面。◆He experienced visions and later prophesied his own death.他得到过神示，后来预言了自己的死亡。 see also prophecy ⇨ expectation
quote
verb
quote ♦︎ cite ♦︎ repeat ♦︎ say ♦︎ recite ♦︎ narrate ♦︎ dictateThese words all mean to repeat words that another person has said or written.这些词均表示引用、复述。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to quote / cite / repeat / recite / dictate a passage◆to quote / repeat / say / recite a line◆to quote / recite (a) poem / speech / poetry◆to narrate / dictate a story■quote [transitive, intransitive] to say or write the exact words that another person has said or written引用；引述◆He quoted a passage from the prime minister's speech.他引用了首相的一段讲话。◆The figures quoted in this article refer only to Britain.本文援引的数字仅指英国。◆Don't quote me on this(= this is not an official statement), but I think she is going to resign.不要说这话是我讲的，但我想她打算辞职。◆Quote this reference number in all correspondence.请在所有函件中标明这个编号。◆They said they were quoting from a recent report.他们说他们引用的是最近的一份报告。 see also quote ⇨ mentionverb, quotation ⇨ reference■cite [transitive] (formal) to say or write the exact words from a book, piece of writing or author, especially in order to support a statement in a piece of academic writing or a report引用，引述，援引（尤指为学术文章或报告中的某个说法提供依据）◆She cited a passage from the President's speech.她引用了总统的一段讲话。 see also cite ⇨ mentionverb, citation ⇨ reference■repeat [transitive] to say aloud sth that sb else has said, often in order to learn it复述，跟读（常指为学习）◆Listen and repeat each sentence after me.先听再跟着我朗读每个句子。◆Can you repeat what I've just said word for word?你能一字不差地复述我刚才说过的话吗？■say(said, said) [transitive] to repeat the words of sth such as a prayer or speech念，朗诵，背诵（祷告词、讲话稿等）◆He said a quiet prayer to himself.他在心中默祷。◆Try to say that line with more conviction.朗诵这一句时语气要更加坚定。■recite / /rɪˈsaɪt/ / [transitive] to say aloud a poem, piece of literature, etc. that you have learned, especially to an audience（尤指对听众）背诵，吟诵，朗诵（文学作品等）◆Each child had to recite a poem to the class.每个孩子都得对着全班同学背诵一首诗。■narrate /nəˈreɪt; NAmEˈnæreɪt/ [transitive] to speak the words that form the text of a film or television programme, especially a documentary(= a factual programme)给（纪录片等电影或电视节目）作解说◆The film was narrated by Andrew Sachs.这部电影是由安德鲁•萨克斯解说的。■dictate /dɪkˈteɪt; NAmEˈdɪkteɪt/ [transitive, intransitive] to say words aloud for sb else to write down口述（以供记录）◆She dictated a letter to her secretary.她向秘书口授信稿。◆OK, you write, I'll dictate.好了，你写，我来口授。
suppose
verb
suppose ♦︎ assume ♦︎ guess ♦︎ suspect ♦︎ imagine ♦︎ expect ♦︎ presume ♦︎ take it ♦︎ I dare sayThese words all mean to say or think that sth is true or possible, based on the information you have.这些词均表示根据所知信息认为、推断、假定。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to suppose / assume / guess / suspect / imagine / expect / presume / take it / dare say that...◆to be supposed / assumed / suspected / imagined / presumed to be sth◆Let's / Let us suppose / assume / imagine / presume / take it...◆can only suppose / assume / imagine / presume / take it (that)...◆to reasonably suppose / assume / suspect / presume◆to rightly suppose / assume / suspect◆to be widely supposed / assumed / suspected / presumed◆to be commonly / generally supposed / assumed / imagined / presumed◆always supposing / assuming / presuming that...◆I suppose / assume / guess / suspect / imagine / expect / presume so.■suppose [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to think or believe that sth is true or possible, based on the information you have（根据所知信息）认为，推断，料想◆Getting a visa isn't as easy as you might suppose.办签证可不像你想的那么容易。◆Prices will go up, I suppose.我觉得物价将会上涨。◆I suppose you think that's funny!我想你会认为这很有趣！◆Why do you suppose he resigned?你凭什么推断他辞职了呢？◆I don't suppose for a minute that he'll agree(= I'm sure that he won't).我认为他绝不会同意。ⓘ Suppose is also used to make a statement, request or suggestion less direct or less strong. * suppose也用于比较间接或婉转地表明立场、提出请求或建议◆I could take you in the car, I suppose(= but I don't really want to).要不你坐我的车吧。◆'Can I borrow the car?' 'I suppose so(= Yes, but I'm not very happy about it).'“我能借这辆车吗？”“应该可以吧。”◆Suppose we take a later train?也许我们可以坐晚一点的火车？■assume /əˈsjuːm; NAmEəˈsuːm/ [transitive] to think or accept that sth is true but without having any proof假定；假设；认为◆Let's assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.咱们可以暂时假设该计划成功。◆I think we can safely assume that this situation will continue.我觉得我们可以有把握地认为这种状态将会持续下去。◆It's generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为紧张是工作过重所致。◆Don't always assume the worst(= think that the worst thing will happen).别总往最坏处想。 see also assumption ⇨ speculation■guess [transitive] (usually used in the form I guess通常用于I guess形式) (especially NAmE, spoken) to suppose that sth is true or likely想；认为◆I guess I'm just lucky.我认为我只是幸运而已。◆He didn't see me, I guess.我想他没看见我。ⓘ I guess so is used to agree to a statement, invitation or request, but in a way that shows you are hesitating about it. * I guess so用于表示同意某种说法、接受邀请或请求，但表现出有些犹豫◆'Can I have another cookie?' 'I guess so, but that's the last one.'“我能再吃块曲奇饼吗？”“行吧，不过这是最后一块。”■suspect [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to have an idea that sth is probably true or likely to happen, especially sth bad, but without having any definite proof疑有，觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）◆If you suspect a gas leak, call the emergency services immediately.假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，马上给应急服务机构打电话。◆As I suspected all along, he was not a real policeman.他不是真警察，我一直就觉得他不像。 see also suspicion ⇨ doubtnoun2, suspicion ⇨ idea2■imagine [transitive] to think that sth is probably true; to believe sth that is not true料想；认为；胡乱猜想；猜测◆'Will we still be allowed in?' 'I imagine so.'“我们还能进去吗？”“我想可以吧。”◆I don't imagine he'll get here now, do you?我认为他现在不会到这里来，你说呢？◆He's always imagining that we're talking about him behind his back.他总是胡乱猜想我们在背后说他的闲话。■expect [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (especially BrE, spoken) to think that sth is probably true猜想；料想；认为◆'Will Bill be there?' 'I expect so.'“比尔会去那里吗？”“我想会吧。”◆'Are you going out tonight?' 'I don't expect so.'“你今晚出去吗？”“我想不会吧。”◆I expect he'll be late, as usual.我想他会像往常一样迟到。■presume /prɪˈzjuːm; NAmEprɪˈzuːm/ [transitive] (formal) to suppose that sth is true, although you have no proof假设；假定◆I presumed that he understood the rules.我还以为他明白这些规则。◆Little is known of the youngest son; it is presumed that he died young.人们对那个最小的儿子所知甚少，据推测他已经夭折。ⓘ Presume is more formal than assume. It is often used when you are not interested enough in sth to find out if it is really true or not. * presume比assume正式，常用于对事情是否属实不怎么感兴趣的场合◆'Is he still abroad?' 'I presume so(= but I don't actually know and I don't really care either).'“他还在国外吗？”“我想是吧。” see also presume ⇨ say3, presumably ⇨ probably, presumption ⇨ speculation■ˈtake it
idiom
(took, taken) (ratherinformal) to suppose that sth is true假设；假定；设想；以为◆I take it you won't be coming to the party.我想你不会来参加聚会吧。ⓘ Take it is always followed by a that clause, even if the word that is actually left out. * take it后面总是接that从句，即便that已被省略。■I dare say ( I daresay)
idiom
(especially BrE, spoken) used when you think that sth is probably true我想；很可能；大概◆I dare say he'll cope.我想他能处理得了。ⓘ I dare say is always followed by a that clause, even if the word that is actually left out. * I dare say后面总是接that从句，即便that已被省略。
power
noun
power ♦︎ influence ♦︎ weight ♦︎ leverage ♦︎ sayThese are all words for the ability that sb has to influence what people do or the way sth happens.这些词均表示影响力、支配力。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's influence / leverage over sb◆great power / influence / weight / leverage◆considerable / political power / influence / weight / leverage◆economic / financial power / weight / leverage◆to have power / influence / leverage / a say◆to use / exercise (your) power / influence / leverage◆to exert (your) power / influence / leverage (over sb)■power [uncountable] (used in compounds用于复合词) strength in a particular area of activity（某方面的）力量，影响，实力◆The country's dominance was assured by its technological and military power.该国的技术和军事实力确保了它的主导地位。◆Increased trade union bargaining power led to higher wage settlements.工会讨价还价的能力提高了，导致协议工资上涨。◆Those aged over 55 now have a purchasing power of more than £30 billion annually(= they have that amount available to spend).现在年龄在55岁以上的人年购买力高于300亿英镑。■influence [uncountable] the ability of sb/sth to make sb/sth behave in a particular way支配力；控制力；影响力◆Her parents no longer have any real influence over her.她的父母对她不再有任何真正的影响力。◆She could probably exert her influence with the manager and get you a job.她或许能对经理施展她的影响力，给你弄份工作。◆Drug cartels wielded enormous influence in the city.药品企业联盟在这个城市拥有巨大的影响力。■weight [uncountable] the importance given to sb/sth and their ability to influence sb/sth重要性；影响力◆Your opinion carries weight with the boss.你的意见老板会重视。◆Environmental considerations were given due weight in making the decision.在决策过程中，环境问题得到了应有的重视。◆The president now has to lend his weight to the project.总统现在只能表示支持这个项目。■leverage /ˈliːvərɪdʒ; NAmEˈlevərɪdʒ/ [uncountable] (formal) the ability of sb to influence sb/sth, especially because of their position（尤指因地位而获得的）影响力◆Retailers can exert leverage over producers by threatening to take their business elsewhere.零售商可以用另谋厂家来威胁生产商，向他们施加压力。■say [uncountable, singular] the right or opportunity to influence sth by giving your opinion before a decision is made决定权；发言权◆We had no say in the decision to sell the company.在出售公司这件事上，我们没有发言权。◆The judge has the final say on the sentence.法官对判决有最后的决定权。◆She won't be happy until she's had her say(= had the opportunity to express herself fully about sth).她要把话都说出来才痛快。