| 例句 |
scale noun
⇨ scale (on a scale of one to ten) ⇨ level (the full scale of the disaster) ⇨ ratio (draw sth to scale)scale verb
⇨ climb scale noun scale ♦︎ hierarchy ♦︎ ladder ♦︎ line ♦︎ the rankings ♦︎ pecking orderThese are all words for a range of levels that increase in size, importance, price, etc. 这些词均表示等级、级别、排名。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in the hierarchy / rankings / pecking order◆on a / the scale / ladder◆up / down the ladder / line / pecking order◆the social scale / hierachy / ladder◆to move up the scale / hierarchy / ladder / rankings / pecking order◆to be at the top / bottom of the scale / hierarchy / ladder / rankings / pecking order◆high / higher / low / lower in the hierarchy / rankings / pecking order◆sb's / sth's position / place in the hierarchy / rankings / pecking order■ scale [countable] a range of levels or numbers used for measuring sth; the set of all the different levels of sth, from the lowest to the highest 等级；级别；等级体系◆a salary / pay scale薪水／工资等级◆Please see the attached sheet for our scale of fees.我们的分级收费标准请参见附页。◆Benefits are paid on a sliding scale (= the amount you get might change), according to your income.福利费是根据收入的高低按浮动费率制发放的。◆How would you judge our service on a scale of one to ten (= one being the lowest mark and ten being the highest)?按一到十级，您如何评价我们的服务？◆Farm workers were always considered to be low down on the social scale.农场工人总被认为处于社会等级的底层。■ hierarchy /ˈhaɪərɑːki; NAmE ˈhaɪərɑːrki/ [countable, uncountable] a system, especially in a society or organization, in which people are organized into different levels of importance from the highest to the lowest （尤指社会或组织的）等级制度◆She's fairly high up in the management hierarchy.她位居管理层要职。◆At the bottom of the corporate hierarchy are part-time low-paid workers.低薪兼职员工处于公司的最底层。■ ladder [countable, usually singular] a series of stages by which you can make progress, especially in a career or organization （尤指事业或机构中晋升的）阶梯，途径◆How quickly you move up the career ladder depends largely on your level of commitment.你在事业阶梯上晋升的快慢主要取决于你对工作的投入程度。◆She was not interested in climbing the corporate ladder.她无意在公司里往上爬。■ line [countable, usually singular] a series of people in order of importance 一系列按重要性排列的人◆Who do you think is next in line for promotion?你认为谁会是下一个获得晋升的人？◆He is second in line to the throne.他是王位的第二继承人。◆Orders are usually passed down through the line of command.指令通常按职级逐层下达。■ the rankings [plural] an official list showing the best players in a particular sport in order of how successful they are （某项体育运动的）最佳运动员排名表◆He is currently 16th in the world rankings.目前他的世界排名是第16位。◆The team has worked its way slowly up the rankings.这个队的排名一直在缓慢上升。■ ˈpecking order [countable, usually singular] (informal) idiom the order of importance of sb/sth in relation to the others in a group 等级排序◆Dogs high up in the pecking order are often the most aggressive.在等级排序中靠前的狗通常都最具攻击性。◆They insist there is no pecking order within the team.他们坚称队内没有等级排序。 level noun level ♦︎ degree ♦︎ scale ♦︎ extent ♦︎ size ♦︎ proportions ♦︎ magnitudeThese are all words for the amount or importance of sth, especially if it is very large. 这些词均表示程度、级别、规模或重要性。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the true level / extent / size of sth◆the full scale / extent / size of sth◆the sheer scale / extent / size / magnitude of sth◆(a) manageable level / scale / size / proportions◆(a) global level / scale / proportions◆to assess / judge the level / degree / scale / extent / size / magnitude of sth◆to realize the level / degree / scale / extent / size of sth◆to calculate the level / extent of sth◆the scale / extent / size / magnitude of the problem◆the scale / extent of the damage■ level [countable] the amount of sth that exists in a particular situation at a particular time （某个时间和情况下存在的）数量，程度，浓度◆These cities have relatively low levels of unemployment.这些城市的失业率相对较低。◆a test to check the level of alcohol in the blood对血液中酒精含量的测试◆High stress levels will affect employees' productivity.精神压力大会影响雇员的工作效率。◆The aim is to reduce pollution levels in the city.目标是降低城市的污染水平。■ degree [countable] how far sth is true; the level of a quality that sb/sth has or needs 程度；级别◆I agree with you to a certain degree.我在某种程度上同意你的观点。◆To what degree can parents be held responsible for a child's behaviour?父母应在多大程度上对孩子的行为负责呢？◆Most pop music is influenced, to a greater or lesser degree, by the blues.大多数流行音乐或多或少都受到布鲁斯音乐的影响。◆Her job demands a high degree of skill.她的工作对技能的要求很高。■ scale [uncountable, singular] how large or important sth is, especially when compared with sth else （尤指与其他事物相比较时的）规模，范围，程度◆It was impossible to comprehend the full scale of the disaster.这场灾难的严重程度当时还无法充分了解。◆We are striving to achieve economies of scale in production (= to produce many items so the cost of producing each one is reduced).我们正在努力达到规模生产。◆They entertain on a large scale (= they hold expensive parties with a lot of guests).他们大宴宾客。◆Here was corruption on a grand scale.这里的腐败曾十分严重。 see also full-scale ⇨ detailed , large-scale ⇨ wide 1 ■ extent [uncountable, singular] how large or important sth is; how far sth is true; how great an effect sth has 程度；限度◆She was exaggerating the true extent of the problem.她夸大了问题的严重性。◆I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge.他知识之渊博令我感到惊奇。◆To some extent what she argues is true.她的论证在某种程度上是符合事实的。◆To what extent is this true of all schools?这在多大程度上符合所有学校的实际情况呢？NOTE 辨析 Scale or extent?The scale of sth is how large it is; its extent is how far it goes. In many cases there is no real difference between the two. * scale指事物的规模，extent指事物的程度。在许多情况下这两个词并无实质差别◆the scale / extent of the problem / damage问题的严重性；损坏的程度However, you are more likely to try to assess/measure/calculate the extent of sth, while you simply try to comprehend/grasp the scale of sth. Some qualities, such as knowledge, are considered as being wide rather than large, and so have extent rather than scale. 然而，更常说assess/measure/calculate the extent of sth（评估／测量／计算程度），以及comprehend/grasp the scale of sth（认识／理解严重性）。有些特质，如knowledge，一般看成是范围广而非规模大，所以要用extent而非scale◆I was amazed at the scale of his knowledge. ■ size [uncountable] the large amount or extent of sth 大量；大规模◆You should have seen the size of their house!你真该看看他们的房子有多大！◆We were shocked at the size of his debts.他欠债之多让我们震惊。■ proportions /prəˈpɔːʃnz; NAmE prəˈpɔːrʃnz/ [plural] the size and shape of an area; the scale of a task or problem 面积；体积；（任务或问题的）规模，程度◆The apartment is of generous proportions, with a large kitchen and dining area.这套公寓很宽敞，厨房和餐厅的面积很大。ⓘ When describing a task or problem, proportions is often used in order to say whether the task/problem can be managed easily or not. 描述任务或问题时，常用proportions来表示它们是否易于操作或解决◆This method divides the task into more manageable proportions.这个方法把任务分解成一些较易操作的步骤。◆The food shortage could soon reach crisis proportions.粮食短缺可能很快就会达到危机的程度。◆The virus has not yet reached epidemic proportions.这种病毒尚未发展成大规模的传染病。 ■ magnitude /ˈmægnɪtjuːd; NAmE ˈmægnɪtuːd/ [uncountable] (formal) how large or important sth is, especially when it is very large or important 巨大；重大；重要性◆We did not realize the magnitude of the problem.我们当时没有意识到这个问题的重要性。◆This is a discovery of the first magnitude (= it is very important).这是一项极为重要的发现。◆We are talking about something of a different order of magnitude (= so much larger or more important that it cannot easily be compared with other examples).我们在谈论一件非同寻常的重大事情。 ratio noun ratio ♦︎ proportion ♦︎ scaleThese are all words for the amount or size of sth compared with sth else. 这些词均表示比率、比例。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the ratio / proportion of A to B◆a ratio / scale of 1:25, etc.◆out of proportion / scale◆a high / low ratio / proportion■ ratio /ˈreɪʃiəʊ; NAmE ˈreɪʃioʊ/ (plural ratios) [countable] the relationship between two groups of people or things that is represented by two numbers showing how much larger one group is than the other 比率；比例◆What is the ratio of men to women in the department?这个部门的男女比例是多少？◆The school has a low student-teacher ratio (= there are few students for each teacher).这所学校的学生与老师的比例很低。◆The ratio of applications to available places currently stands at 100:1.目前，申请人数和职位空缺的比例为100:1。■ proportion /prəˈpɔːʃn; NAmE prəˈpɔːrʃn/ [uncountable, plural] the relationship of one thing to another, for example in size or amount; the correct relationship between these things （尺寸或数量等的）比例；恰当的比例；均衡；匀称◆The room is very long in proportion to (= relative to) its width.这个房间的长度比宽度大很多。◆You haven't drawn the figures in the foreground in proportion.你的前景人物画得不合比例。◆The head is out of proportion with the body.头部和身体不成比例。◆Always try to keep a sense of proportion (= of the relative importance of different things).事有轻重缓急之分，这要常记在心。◆It is an impressive building with fine proportions.这是一栋比例谐调的雄伟建筑。 see also proportional , proportionate ⇨ relative ■ scale [countable, uncountable] the relation between the actual size of sth and its size on a map, diagram or model that represents it （地图、图表或模型的）比例，比例尺◆The map is drawn to a scale of 1:25 000.这张地图是按1:25 000的比例绘制的。◆Engineers have built a scale model of part of the coast.设计师建构了一个按比例缩小的局部海岸模型。◆Is this diagram to scale (= are all the parts the same size and shape in relation to each other as they are in the thing represented)?这个图表是按比例画的吗？ climb verb climb ♦︎ go up (sth) ♦︎ scramble ♦︎ clamber ♦︎ mount ♦︎ ascend ♦︎ scaleThese words all mean to move up towards the top of sth. 这些词均表示攀登、攀爬。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to climb / go / scramble / clamber up sth◆to climb / scramble / clamber over sth◆to climb / go up / mount / ascend a hill◆to climb / go up / ascend / scale a mountain◆to climb / ascend / scale a peak◆to climb / go up / scramble up / clamber up / ascend / scale a ladder◆to climb / go up / mount / ascend the stairs / steps◆to climb / scramble over / clamber over / scale a wall◆to climb / clamber over / scale a fence■ climb [transitive, intransitive] to move up sth towards the top, especially when this takes some effort; to move somewhere, especially with difficulty or effort 攀登；（尤指吃力地向某处）爬◆I loved climbing trees when I was a kid.我小时候喜欢爬树。◆The car slowly climbed the hill.汽车缓慢地爬上了山坡。◆As they climbed higher, the air became cooler.他们攀登得越高，空气就越凉。◆I climbed through the window.我从窗口爬过去了。◆Can you climb down?你能爬下去吗？ⓘ To go climbing is to climb mountains or rocks as a hobby or sport. * go climbing指作为爱好或运动去登山或攀岩◆He goes climbing most weekends.他多数周末都去爬山。 ▸ climb noun [countable] ◆It's an hour's climb to the summit.爬到顶峰需要一小时。■ ˌgo ˈup sth■ ˌgo ˈup phrasal verb to move up sth towards the top 向顶部移动；上升◆She went up the stairs to bed.她上楼睡觉去了。◆It gets colder as you go up (by 0.5°C with each 100 m rise).你越往上温度就越低（每上升100米温度下降0.5摄氏度）。OPP go down (sth) , come down (sth) ⇨ fall 2 NOTE 辨析 Climb or go up?To climb sth usually takes more effort than to just go up it. You can climb/go up a hill/mountain, but climb places more emphasis on the effort involved. You can climb a wall/fence/tree but not◆go up a wall/fence/tree You climb the stairs when you are feeling tired or the stairs are very steep; at other times you just go up the stairs. * climb通常比go up费力。可以说climb/go up a hill/mountain（爬山），但 climb更强调耗费的力气。可以说climb a wall/fence/tree，但不说 go up a wall/fence/tree。表示上楼梯，如果感觉疲惫或楼梯很陡时用climb the stairs，其他时候用go up the stairs即可。■ scramble [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to climb or move somewhere quickly, especially with difficulty, using your hands to help you （尤指吃力地）快爬，迅速攀登◆She managed to scramble over the wall.她手忙脚乱地翻过了墙。◆He scrambled to his feet as we came in.我们进来时，他赶紧从地上爬起来。▸ scramble noun [singular] ◆It was a stiff two-hour walk, followed by a difficult scramble over slimy rock faces.费力走了两个小时后，又艰难地攀爬过湿滑的岩壁。■ clamber [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to climb or move with difficulty or a lot of effort, using your hands to help you （吃力地）攀登，攀爬◆The children clambered up the steep bank.孩子们爬上了陡峭的河岸。NOTE 辨析 Scramble or clamber? Scramble places more emphasis on speed; clamber emphasizes the difficulty or effort involved. * scramble强调速度快，clamber强调困难费力。■ mount [transitive] (formal) to go up sth, or up on to sth that is raised 登上；爬上；攀登◆She slowly mounted the steps.她慢慢地爬上台阶。◆He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd.他登上讲台对人群发表演说。■ ascend / /əˈsend/ / [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to go up sth 上升；升高；登上◆The air became colder as we ascended.我们越往上爬，空气就越冷。◆Her heart was thumping as she ascended the stairs.她上楼梯时，心怦怦跳个不停。 OPP descend ⇨ fall 2 ▸ ascent noun [countable, usually singular] ◆the first ascent of Mount Everest首次攀登珠穆朗玛峰■ scale [transitive] (written) to climb to the top of sth very high and steep 登上（陡峭物的）顶点◆He somehow managed to scale the sheer outside wall of the tower.他不知怎么设法爬上了那座塔陡峭的外墙。 |