| 例句 |
practice noun
⇨ company (a law practice) ⇨ habit (make it your practice to do sth) ⇨ tradition (best practice) ⇨ training (piano practice) ⇨ use (put an idea into practice) ⇨ work 2 (medical practice) ⇨ put sth into practice ⇨ apply verb 1 company noun ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ business 2 and ⇨ group 3 另见business条第2义和group条第3义company ♦︎ firm ♦︎ business ♦︎ operation ♦︎ corporation ♦︎ enterprise ♦︎ practice ♦︎ houseThese are all words for an organization that makes money by producing or selling goods or services. 这些词均表示公司、企业、商号。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a multinational company / firm / business / operation / corporation / enterprise◆a state-owned company / firm / business / corporation / enterprise◆a private company / firm / business / operation / corporation / enterprise / practice / ... house◆a family company / firm / business / operation / enterprise / practice / ... house◆a commercial company / firm / business / operation / corporation / enterprise / ... house◆a business company / firm / operation / corporation / enterprise◆to manage / run / have / own a company / a firm / a business / an operation / a corporation / an enterprise / a ... house◆to buy / acquire / take over a company / firm / business / an operation / an enterprise◆to set up a company / firm / business / an operation / a corporation / an enterprise / a practice / a ... house◆to found a company / firm / business / practice / ... house◆to work for / join / leave / resign from a company / firm / business / corporation / practice / ... house◆a company / a firm / a business / a corporation / an enterprise / a ... house fails■ company [countable + singular or plural verb] a business organization that makes money by producing or selling goods or services 公司；商号；商行◆During the 1980s it was one of the largest computer companies in the world.在20世纪80年代，它是全球最大的计算机公司之一。◆Mike gets a company car with his new job.迈克因新的职位配备了一辆公司用车。■ firm [countable] a company 公司；商号；商行◆He got a job with a London engineering firm.他得到了伦敦一家工程公司的工作。◆the city's oldest and most prestigious law firm该市历史最久、最负盛名的律师事务所◆I'm working for a firm of accountants.我在一家会计师事务所工作。NOTE 辨析 Company or firm? Firm is often used to talk about a small, fairly specialized organization, especially one that sells professional advice or services. * firm常指小型、专业性强的机构，尤指提供专业咨询或服务的公司◆a / an engineering / law / consulting / insurance / security firm工程公司；律师事务所；顾问／保险／保安公司◆a firm of accountants / consultants / lawyers / solicitors会计师事务所；顾问公司；律师事务所 Firm is also often used to talk about companies run by members of a family, or companies that have been operating for a long time. * firm亦常指家族企业或老字号◆a / the family firm家族企业◆his father's firm他父亲的公司◆a / an old / long-established / old-fashioned / reputable / renowned firm老字号；历史悠久的／老式的／信誉好的／有名的公司 Company is much wider in range, and can be used to talk about any type of organization that makes money by producing or selling goods or services. * company使用范围更广，可指任何制造或销售产品或服务的组织。 ■ business [countable] a commercial organization such as a company, shop or factory 商业机构；企业；公司；商店；工厂◆I've decided to start my own business.我决定自己开公司。◆They've got a small catering business.他们做餐饮小生意。◆This legislation will hurt small businesses.这项法规将损害小企业。ⓘ Business is a general term for commercial organizations of any type or size. * business是任何类型或规模的商业机构的统称◆Almost all businesses will be closed on Christmas Day (= shops, factories, offices, etc.).几乎所有的商家在圣诞节那天都关门。It is also used especially to talk about small organizations, including those run by a single person or family, without any employees. (A company or firm always has employees.) Business is often used when people start up or set up in business for the first time. You can also have a big business but big business is used even more often as an uncountable noun to mean 'large companies as a group'. * business尤指小生意，包括个人或家庭经营、没有雇员的小企业。（company和firm则一定有雇员。）business常与start up或set up连用，表示初次创业。big business可以是可数名词，指一家大公司，但更多时候是不可数名词，指视为一个整体的各大公司。 see also business ⇨ industry , business ⇨ trade ■ operation [countable] a company or business involving many parts; one part of a large company or business （包括许多部分的）企业，公司；（大企业的）一部分，分部◆It's a huge multinational operation.那是一家庞大的跨国公司。◆Network Computing Inc. plans to open a UK operation in Britain next year.网络计算公司计划下一年度在英国开设分支机构。■ corporation (abbreviation Corp. ) [countable] a large business company （大）公司◆They provide banking facilities to multinational corporations.他们为跨国公司提供银行设施。ⓘ Corporation is often used to talk about very large American business companies. * corporation常指超大型美国商业公司。■ enterprise /ˈentəpraɪz; NAmE ˈentərpraɪz/ [countable] (business 商业, journalism 新闻) a company or business 公司；企业单位；事业单位◆They plan to privatize over 100 state-owned enterprises.他们计划将100多家国有企业私有化。ⓘ Enterprise is often used in government texts and business journalism. * enterprise常用于政府文件和商业新闻。■ practice [countable] a business or place that offers professional advice or treatment, especially in law and medicine （提供专业咨询或治疗的）业务活动，工作地点（尤指律师事务所和诊所）◆She runs a successful law practice.她经营一家成功的律师事务所。 see also practice ⇨ work noun 2 , surgery ⇨ surgery ■ house [countable] (used in compounds 用于复合词) a company involved in a particular type of business （从事某种业务的）公司，机构◆The publishing house made its name by encouraging first-time writers.该出版社扶持新人作家，闯出了名号。ⓘ House is used in compounds such as a/an fashion/publishing/software/investment/auction house. * house用于复合词，如a/an fashion/publishing/software/investment/auction house（时装公司；出版社；软件／投资／拍卖公司）。 habit noun habit ♦︎ practice ♦︎ policy ♦︎ ways ♦︎ ritual ♦︎ ruleThese are all words for things that you do often or for your usual behaviour. 这些词均表示习惯、惯常行为。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be sb's habit / practice / policy to do sth◆as is sb's habit / practice◆the / sb's usual habit / practice / policy / ritual◆sb's personal habits / practice / ritual◆bad habits / practices / policy / ways◆to make a habit / practice of doing sth◆to make it a habit / practice / policy / rule to do sth◆to become a habit / practice / ritual◆to have a habit / policy / ritual / rule◆to follow a policy / ritual / rule◆to change a / your habit / practice / policy / ways■ habit [countable, uncountable] a thing that you do often and almost without thinking, especially sth that is hard to stop doing; usual behaviour 习惯；惯常行为◆You need to change your eating habits (= what and how you eat).你得改变你的饮食习惯。◆It's all right to borrow money occasionally, but don't let it become a habit.偶尔借点钱没关系，但不要养成习惯。◆I'm not in the habit of letting strangers into my apartment.我不习惯让陌生人进我家。◆I got into the habit of going there every night for dinner.我习惯了每晚都到那里吃饭。◆I do it out of habit.我这样做是出于习惯。◆When it comes to clothes, men are creatures of habit (= have fixed and regular ways of doing things).男人在衣着方面总是一成不变。 see also habitual ⇨ frequent , habitual ⇨ regular , habitual ⇨ usual ■ practice [countable] (rather formal) a thing that is done regularly, either for a good reason, or out of habit 惯常做的事；习惯；通常做法◆I like the German practice of giving workers a say in how their company is run.我喜欢德国人在公司经营上给工人发言权的做法。◆Established practices can be difficult to modify.成规难改。■ policy [countable, uncountable] (formal) a principle that influences how you behave; a way in which you usually behave 原则；为人之道◆It is my policy not to say anything to the press.我的原则是对新闻媒体保持缄默。◆As the old saying goes, honesty is the best policy.常言道，诚实为上。■ ways [plural] your usual behaviour 行为方式；作风◆It's unlikely that your boss will change his ways.你的老板不太可能改变他的行事风格。◆They seem to have seen the error of their ways.他们似乎已经认识到自己的错误做法。◆You're going to have to mend your ways (= stop behaving badly).你得改正你的不良行为。◆She had become set in her ways (= did not want to or was not able to change her habits and opinions).她的行为方式已成定式，很难改变。■ ritual / /ˈrɪtʃuəl/ / [countable] a thing that is done regularly and always in the same way 习惯；老规矩◆She had been following this daily ritual for several months.几个月来她每天都遵循这一习惯。◆It was all part of the ritual of returning home.那是回家必做的事。ⓘ A ritual is often a series of small actions that are done at a particular time or in particular circumstances, for no obvious reason except that they have been done in that way on those occasions for a long time and people like to continue doing them. * ritual常指在特定时间或场合所做的一套琐事。人们这样做没有什么明确的原因，仅仅是做得时间久了，乐得继续做下去。 see also ritual ⇨ ceremony ■ rule [countable, usually singular] a thing that you usually do because you think it is wise （认为有益而保持的）习惯，常规，惯常的做法◆I make it a rule never to mix business with pleasure.我的规矩是从不把工作和娱乐搅在一起。◆He occasionally allowed himself to break his own rule.他偶尔允许自己破一次例。 see also rule ⇨ principle 2 , as a rule ⇨ usually tradition noun tradition ♦︎ practice ♦︎ custom ♦︎ convention ♦︎ normsThese are all words for behaviour that is accepted as usual by a group or society. 这些词均表示传统、习俗、常规。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆by tradition / custom / convention◆a tradition / custom / convention that ... ◆(an) established tradition / practice / custom / convention / norms◆accepted practice / conventions / norms◆social practice / custom / convention / norms◆cultural tradition / practice / convention / norms◆a local / British tradition / practice / custom◆traditional practices / customs / norms◆to follow a tradition / a practice / a custom / convention / ... norms◆to break with a tradition / practice / convention◆tradition / custom / convention demands sth■ tradition [countable, uncountable] a belief or way of doing sth that has existed for a long time among a group of people; a set of these beliefs or ways of doing sth 传统；传统的信仰（或行事方式）◆Germany has a tradition of good quality newspapers.德国报纸一贯品质很高。◆There is a tradition in our family that one of our ancestors was a Cherokee Indian.我们家有个传统信仰，认为我们有个祖先是切罗基印第安人。◆The bride's parents are by tradition expected to pay for the wedding.按照传统，新娘的父母要支付婚礼花费。◆He is in the great tradition of British travel writers.他继承了英国旅游作家的优良传统。◆This year there will be a break with tradition (= something different will be done).今年将打破传统。◆Brittany has a lively and very distinctive sense of tradition.布里塔尼有着浓厚且非常独特的传统意识。■ practice [uncountable, countable] a way of doing sth that is the usual or expected way in a particular organization or situation 通常的做法；惯例；常规◆It is standard practice not to pay bills until the end of the month.常规做法是月底才付账。◆They have produced a guide to best practice for employers.他们为员工制订了一份最佳行为指引。◆Members have to abide by the federation's code of practice.成员都要遵守联合会的行业规则。◆They have been studying Japanese business practices.他们一直在研究日本的营商之道。ⓘ Practices is often used to talk about the way in which businesses are run. Collocates include business, corrupt, discriminatory, employment, management, recruitment, restrictive, trading and working. * practices常指商业的运营方式，搭配词有business、corrupt、discriminatory、employment、management、recruitment、restrictive、trading和working。■ custom [countable, uncountable] a traditional and widely accepted way of doing things in a particular society, place or time 风俗；习俗◆They were unfamiliar with local customs and culture.他们不熟悉当地风俗和文化。◆It is the custom here to put flowers on the graves at Easter.复活节时，把鲜花放在坟墓上是这里的风俗。◆They poured wine round the trees in accordance with local custom.他们按当地习俗将葡萄酒浇洒在树周边。■ convention [countable, uncountable] the way of doing sth that most people in a society consider to be polite or the right thing to do; a traditional method or style in literature, art or theatre 习俗；常规；惯例；（文学、艺术或戏剧的）传统手法，传统风格◆The handshake is a social convention.握手是一种社会习俗。◆She is a lively young woman who enjoys flouting convention.她年轻活泼，喜欢无视传统习俗。◆The novel conforms to the conventions of nineteenth-century realism.这本小说遵循19世纪现实主义的传统手法。■ norms [plural] standards of behaviour that are typical of or accepted in a particular group 规范；行为标准◆Norms of dress vary from society to society.着装规范在不同的社会有不同的标准。◆She considered people to be products of the values and norms of the society they lived in.她认为人是其所生活的社会之价值观和规范的产物。 training noun training ♦︎ rehearsal ♦︎ practice ♦︎ drillThese are all words for the process of preparing for an activity or an event which prepares for sth. 这些词均表示训练、排练、练习。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆training / rehearsals for sth◆in training / rehearsal◆regular training / rehearsals / practice / drills◆football / hockey, etc. training / practice◆to do training / rehearsals / practice◆to have rehearsals / practice◆a training / rehearsal / practice session / schedule■ training [uncountable] the process of preparing to take part in a sport, especially a sports competition, by doing physical exercises （尤指为参加体育比赛而进行的）训练，锻炼◆Phillips is in serious training for the Olympics.菲利普斯在为奥运会认真训练。◆She did six months' hard training before the marathon.她在马拉松比赛前进行了六个月的艰苦训练。ⓘ In American English training is serious preparation for a serious event; in British English it can be serious or less serious. For less serious training in American English use practice. * training在美式英语中指为严肃事件做的认真准备；在英式英语中training可用于严肃事件，也可用于不太严肃的事件。对不太严肃的事件，美式英语用practice◆ (BrE) I go to football training after school.我放学后去参加足球训练。◆ (NAmE, BrE) I go to soccer practice after school.我放学后去参加足球训练。 see also exercise ⇨ sport ■ rehearsal /rɪˈhɜːsl; NAmE rɪˈhɜːrsl/ [uncountable, countable] time that a group of people spend practising together a play or piece of music in preparation for public performance; an experience or event that helps to prepare you for sth that is going to happen in the future （公开演出前的）排演，排练；预演；演习◆Our new production of 'Hamlet' is currently in rehearsal.我们的新版《哈姆雷特》正在排练之中。◆During the dress rehearsal (= the final rehearsal in full costume) she suddenly forgot her lines.彩排时，她突然忘了台词。◆These training exercises are designed to be a rehearsal for the invasion.这些训练是为了入侵而进行的演习。 see also rehearse ⇨ practise verb ■ practice [uncountable, countable] doing an activity or training regularly so that you can improve your skill; the time you spend doing this 训练；练习（时间）◆The trainees need more practice in using the compass.学员需要多练习使用指南针。◆His accent should improve with practice.他的口音应该可以通过练习改进。◆If you don't play regularly you soon get out of practice.如果不经常演奏，你很快就会荒疏。◆It takes a lot of practice to play the violin well.拉好小提琴需要多加练习。◆There's a basketball practice every Friday evening.每星期五晚上有篮球训练。 see also practise ⇨ practise verb ■ drill [countable] a practice of what to do in an emergency, for example if there is a fire （应对火灾等紧急情况的）演习◆There'll be a fire drill sometime this morning.今天上午某个时候有消防演习。 use noun use ♦︎ application ♦︎ practice ♦︎ exerciseThese are all words for the act of using sth or doing sth. 这些词均表示使用、实践、运用。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆effective / proper / continued / normal use / application / practice / exercise◆full / constant use / application / exercise◆free use / practice / exercise◆common / current / correct / safe / commercial / industrial / clinical use / application / practice◆sth has a use / an application◆to limit / regulate / justify the use / practice / exercise of sth■ use [uncountable, singular] the act of using sth; the state of being used; the right or opportunity to use sth, for example sth that belongs to sb else; the ability to use your mind or body 用；得到利用；使用权；使用的机会；人体机能◆The software is designed for use in schools.这个软件是为学校应用设计的。◆The chapel was built in the 12th century and is still in use today.这座小教堂建于12世纪，今天仍在使用。◆The bar is for the use of members only.该酒吧仅供会员使用。◆I have the use of the car this week.这辆汽车本周归我使用。◆He lost the use of his legs (= became unable to walk) in an accident.他在一次事故中双腿失去了功能。 see also use ⇨ function noun ■ application [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) the practical use of sth, especially a theory, discovery or invention （尤指理论、发现或发明的）应用，运用◆This essay examines the application of new technology to teaching.这篇文章探讨了新技术在教学上的应用。◆The new invention would have a wide range of applications in industry.这项新发明将在工业中得到广泛应用。 see also apply ⇨ apply 1 ■ practice [uncountable] action rather than ideas 实践；实际行动◆The book is about the theory and practice of teaching.这本书是讲教学理论与实践的。◆She's determined to put her new ideas into practice.她决心要把自己的新想法付诸实践。 see also put sth into practice ⇨ apply 1 , practise ⇨ do 1 ■ exercise [uncountable] (always followed by of 总是后接of) (rather formal) the use of power, a skill, a quality or the right to make sth happen 行使；运用；使用◆Sovereignty means more than just the exercise of power.主权并不单单意味着权力的行使。◆One of these powers is the exercise of discretion by police officers.这些权力中有一项是警察酌处权的行使。 work2 noun hard work 用功find work 找工作do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art 小说；艺术品 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ job 另见job条work ♦︎ employment ♦︎ career ♦︎ profession ♦︎ occupation ♦︎ practice ♦︎ tradeThese are all words for the work that sb does in return for payment, especially over a long period of time. 这些词均表示工作、职业。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's chosen work / employment / career / profession / occupation / trade◆(a) professional work / employment / career / occupation / practice◆(a) skilled / manual work / employment / occupation / trade◆(a) full-time / part-time / permanent work / employment / career / occupation◆(a) regular work / employment / occupation / trade◆(a) casual / seasonal work / employment / occupation◆(a) well-paid work / employment / profession / occupation◆(a) low-paid work / employment / occupation◆to have / pursue work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / a trade◆to take up work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / ...practice / a trade◆to go back / return to work / employment / a career / a profession / ...practice◆to look for / seek / find work / employment / a career / an occupation■ work [uncountable] the job that sb does, especially in order to earn money 工作；职业◆He's been out of work for over a year.他已经失业一年多了。◆ (BrE) It is a country where most women with young children are in paid work.在这个国家，大部分有了小孩儿的妇女都工作赚钱。◆She's planning to return to work in September.她打算9月份恢复上班。◆Would you give up work if you won the lottery?如果你中了彩票，你会不上班了吗？◆Any kind of work with kids would suit him fine.任何跟孩子打交道的工作都很适合他。◆'Where's John?' 'He's still at work.'“约翰在哪儿？”“还在上班呢。”◆She's been off work (= not at work) for three weeks.她已经三周没上班了。◆He started work as a security guard.他开始工作时做保安。 see also work ⇨ office 1 ■ employment [uncountable] (rather formal) work, especially when it is done to earn money; the situation in which people have work 工作；职业；受雇◆It's getting more and more difficult for young people to find regular employment.年轻人要找到固定工作越来越难。◆The government aims to have full employment (= a situation in which everyone who wants a job has one) within five years.政府的目标是在五年内达至充分就业。OPP unemployment ⇨ unemployment see also employ ⇨ employ ■ career [countable] the job or series of jobs that sb has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passes 生涯；职业◆I never wanted a military career.我从未想过要从军。◆Kelly's career took off (= started to be successful) when she was spotted at a talent contest.凯莉在一次才艺比赛中被发现之后，事业便开始腾飞。◆His career spanned (= continued over) four decades.他的职业生涯长达四十载。◆By 2001, she was at the peak of her career (= at the most successful point in her career).到2001年，她到达了事业的巅峰。◆I didn't think it was a very good career move.我认为那不是职业发展上的明智之举。◆It's time for a career change.该换个职业了。■ profession [countable] a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education （需要专门技能，尤指需要较高教育水平的）行业，职业◆Alan's a teacher by profession.艾伦的职业是教师。◆He hopes to enter the medical profession.他希望进入医疗行业。◆I joined the profession when I was in my early twenties.我二十出头就入了这一行。◆She's at the top of her profession.她是她那个行业的佼佼者。ⓘ Especially in British English, the professions [plural] are the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or lawyer. 尤其在英式英语中，the professions指需要较高教育水平和技能的医生或律师等传统职业◆employment in industry and the professions实业界与专业界的工作 The profession [singular + singular or plural verb] is all the people who work in a particular profession. * the profession指某职业界。 ▸ professional adjective ◆Most of the people on the course were professional women.选修本课程的大部分人是职业女性。◆professional qualifications / skills专业资格／技能■ occupation /ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn; NAmE ˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃn/ [countable] (rather formal) a job or profession 工作；职业◆Please state your name, age, and occupation.请写明你的姓名、年龄和职业。◆Why is nursing still seen as a female occupation?为什么护理工作仍被看作是一种女性从事的职业？■ practice [uncountable] the work or business of some professional people such as doctors and lawyers （医生或律师等的）工作，业务活动◆Students should have prior experience of veterinary practice.学生应有做兽医的经验。◆My analyst is no longer in practice.我的分析师已经不再从业了。 see also practice ⇨ company ■ trade [countable] a job, especially one that involves working with your hands and requires special training and skills （尤指手工）职业，行当；手艺◆She's now a carpenter by trade.她现在以木工为业。◆My parents always wanted me to leave school early and learn a trade.我父母总想让我早些毕业学一门手艺。 see also trade ⇨ industry apply1 verb apply sanction/common sense 采取制裁；运用常识special conditions apply 按照特殊情况处理 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ use verb 1 另见use动词词条第1义apply ♦︎ impose ♦︎ enforce ♦︎ put sth into effect ♦︎ put sth into practiceThese words all mean to cause sth such as a law, or knowledge or skills to be used. 这些词均表示实施、运用。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to apply / impose / enforce / put into effect / put into practice measures◆to apply / impose / enforce / put into practice a law◆to apply / impose / enforce a rule / regulation / restriction / penalty / punishment / regime / sanction / standard◆to apply / impose / enforce guidelines / discipline◆to enforce / put into effect / put into practice recommendations◆to apply / impose / put into practice a principle◆to apply / impose / put into effect / put into practice ideas■ apply [transitive] (rather formal) to use a law or punishment, or knowledge or skills, or make sth work in a particular situation 施行（法规）；施加（惩罚）；运用（知识或技能等）◆Political pressure has been applied to the colony's government in an attempt to win the contract.为了赢得这个合同，殖民地政府已经受到政治压力了。◆The new technology was applied to farming.这项新技术已应用于农业。◆Now is the time to apply the insights you have gained from your studies.现在是运用你所学知识的时候了。 see also application ⇨ use noun ■ impose [transitive] (rather formal) to introduce a new law, rule or tax; to order that a particular rule or punishment be used; to force sb/sth to have to deal with sth that is difficult or unpleasant 推行，采用（规章制度）；强制实行；把⋯强加于◆A new tax was imposed on fuel.开始对燃油征收一项新税。◆A prison sentence of 25 years was imposed on each of the defendants.所有被告被判25年监禁。◆The time limits are imposed on us by factors outside our control.因受不可掌控因素的影响，我们的时间有限制。■ enforce [transitive] (rather formal) to make sure that people obey a particular law or rule 强制执行，强行实施（法律或规定）◆The legislation will be difficult to enforce.这一法规将难以实施。◆United Nations troops enforced a ceasefire in the area.联合国军队在该地区强制执行停火命令。■ ˌput sth into efˈfect idiom (putting, put, put)to cause sth such as a rule or recommendation to come into use 使（规定）生效；实施，实行（建议或提议）◆The recommendations will soon be put into effect.这些建议即将付诸实行。■ ˌput sth into ˈpractice idiom (putting, put, put)to cause ideas or knowledge to come into use 实践（想法）；运用（知识）◆She's determined to put her new ideas into practice.她决心将自己的新想法付诸实践。 see also practice ⇨ use noun |