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foundation noun
⇨ basis (a solid foundation for marriage) ⇨ bottom (the foundations of the houses) ⇨ charity (a charitable foundation) ⇨ introduction 1 (the foundation of a research group) basis noun basis ♦︎ foundation ♦︎ baseThese are all words for the ideas or facts that sth is based on. 这些词均表示基础、根据。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a / the basis / foundation / base of / for sth◆a / an excellent / firm / good / secure / solid / sound / strong / weak basis / foundation / base◆a / an ideological / intellectual / philosophical / theoretical / economic basis / foundation / base◆to have sth as / establish / use sth as a / the basis / foundation / base for / of sth◆to form the basis / foundation / base of sth◆to give sb / provide (sb with) a / the basis / foundation / base◆to have no basis / foundation in fact◆to be without basis / foundation■ basis [countable, usually singular] a principle, idea or fact that supports sth and that it can develop from 基础；基点；根据◆The basis of a good marriage is trust.美满婚姻的基础是信赖。◆This article will form the basis for our discussion.这篇文章将作为我们讨论的基点。◆This theory seems to have no basis in fact.这一理论似乎没有事实根据。■ foundation [countable, usually singular] a principle, idea or fact that supports sth and that it develops from 基础；基本原理；根据◆Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage.尊重和友爱是婚姻的牢固基础。◆The rumour is totally without foundation (= is not based on any facts).这谣传毫无事实根据。NOTE 辨析 Basis or foundation? Foundation is often used to talk about larger or more important things than basis. 与basis相比，foundation常用以指更大或更重要的基础◆He laid the foundation of Japan's modern economy.他奠定了日本现代经济的基础。◆Worship is the foundation of all the Church's activities.敬拜是基督教会所有活动的基础。◆These figures formed the basis of their pay claim.这些数字是他们要求提高工资的根据。◆The research will provide a basis for nature conservation.该研究将为自然保护提供根据。 ■ base [countable, usually singular] an idea, fact or situation from which sth is developed 根据；出发点◆She used her family's history as a base for her novel.她以她的家族史作为小说的素材。◆His arguments have a sound economic base.他的论点有充分的经济上的根据。 bottom noun bottom ♦︎ base ♦︎ foundation ♦︎ footThese are all words for the lowest part of sth. 这些词均表示底部、最下部。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆at / near / towards the bottom / base / foot of sth◆on the bottom / base of sth◆(a) firm / solid / strong base / foundations◆to have a bottom / a base / foundations■ bottom [countable, usually singular] the lowest part of sth 底部；最下部◆Footnotes are given at the bottom of each page.脚注附于每页的下端。◆The wind blew through gaps at the top and bottom of the door.风从门顶部和底部的缝隙吹进来了。◆I waited for them at the bottom of the hill.我在山脚下等他们。◆The book I want is right at the bottom (= of the pile).我想要的书就压在那堆书的底层。 OPP top ⇨ top ■ base [countable, usually singular] the lowest part of sth, especially the part or surface on which it rests or stands 根基；基底；底座◆The lamp has a heavy base.这盏灯的底座很沉。◆He felt a sharp pain at the base of his spine.他感到脊柱末端一阵剧痛。◆Four bronze lions stand at the base of the column.柱基上立着四只青铜狮子。■ foundation [countable, usually plural] a layer of bricks, concrete, etc. that forms the solid underground base of a building 地基；房基；基础◆The builders are now beginning to lay the foundations of the new school.建筑工人正开始给新校舍打地基。◆The explosion shook the foundations of the houses nearby.爆炸震撼了附近房屋的地基。■ foot [singular] the lowest part of sth 底部；最下部◆At the foot of the stairs she turned to face him.她在楼梯口转过身面对他。NOTE 辨析 Bottom or foot? Foot is used to talk about a limited number of things: it is used most often with tree, hill, mountain, steps, stairs and page. Bottom can be used to talk about a much wider range of things. Foot is generally used in more literary contexts. * foot用以指有限的几样事物，最常与tree、hill、mountain、steps、stairs和page连用。bottom适用的范围要广得多。foot一般用于文学性较强的语境中。 charity noun charity ♦︎ cause ♦︎ foundation ♦︎ trustThese are all words for an organization for helping people in need. 这些词均表示慈善机构或组织。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a charity / foundation / trust for sth◆a local charity / cause / foundation / trust◆a deserving / worthwhile / worthy charity / cause◆a charitable foundation / trust◆a / an national / private / independent / family / educational / medical / conservation / housing charity / foundation / trust◆to help / support a charity / cause / foundation / trust◆to give / donate to a charity / cause / foundation◆to set up a charity / foundation / trust◆to establish / create a foundation / trust■ charity [countable] an organization for helping people in need 慈善机构（或组织）◆Many charities sent money to help the victims of the famine.许多慈善机构捐款赈济饥民。◆The concert will raise money for local charities.这场音乐会将为当地慈善机构募捐。▸ charitable adjective ◆a charitable institution / foundation / trust慈善机构／基金会／信托基金◆a charitable donation / gift慈善捐赠／赠品■ cause [countable] an organization or idea that people support or fight for （支持或为之奋斗的）事业，目标，思想◆Animal welfare campaigners raised £70 000 for their cause last year.动物保护主义者去年为保护动物募集了7万英镑。◆Oh well, it's all for a good cause (= an organization that does good work, such as a charity).哦，好吧，这都是行善。◆He dedicated his life to fighting for the Republican cause.他致力于为共和党的事业而奋斗。■ foundation / /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/ / [countable] an organization that is established to invest money and use the profits for a particular purpose, for example for scientific research or charity 基金会◆The money will go to the San Francisco AIDS Foundation.这笔钱将交给旧金山艾滋病基金会。◆Many of the hospitals were originally established by religious foundations.这些医院最初多是由宗教基金会兴建的。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ organization 另见organization条■ trust [countable] (law 法律) an organization or group of people that holds money or property that it has been given or lent, and uses the profits to help a charity 受托基金机构；受托团体◆She's hoping a charitable trust will soon pay for her operation.她希望很快会有慈善基金机构为她支付手术费。NOTE 辨析 Foundation or trust?A trust is defined in law: it is an organization in which two or more individuals (the trustees) hold money, land or other property for charitable purposes. A foundation is defined more by its purpose than by its legal structure: it may be a trust or a company of some kind. * trust有其法律上的定义，指的是两人或多人（受托人）出于慈善目的而持有资金、土地或其他财产的组织。foundation的定义更多取决于其目的，而非其法律架构。它可以是一家受托基金机构，或某种类型的公司。 introduction1 noun the introduction of modern farming methods 现代耕作方法的采用the introduction to a book 一本书的序言basicsAn Introduction to Astronomydebutmy first introduction to modern jazzintroduction ♦︎ formation ♦︎ establishment ♦︎ foundationThese are all words for the act of bringing sth into use or existence for the first time. 这些词均表示初次投入使用、引进、推行。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the early / gradual / rapid / recent introduction / formation / establishment of sth◆the formal introduction / establishment of sth◆to lead to / result in / see the introduction / formation / establishment / foundation of sth◆to call for / support / allow (for) / enable / provide for / announce the introduction / formation / establishment of sth■ introduction [uncountable] the act of bringing sth into use or existence for the first time, or of bringing sth to a place for the first time 初次投入使用；引进；推行◆The need for a large army resulted in the introduction of compulsory military service.对庞大军队的需要导致了义务兵役制的实行。◆the gradual introduction of modern farming methods into traditional societies现代耕作方法在传统社会的逐步采用◆They celebrated the 1 000th anniversary of the introduction of Christianity to Russia.他们庆祝基督教传入俄罗斯1 000周年。■ formation /fɔːˈmeɪʃn; NAmE fɔːrˈmeɪʃn/ [uncountable] the act of creating sth; the process of being created 创建；形成；组成◆An agreement on the formation of a new government was reached on June 6.6月6日达成了一项关于组建新政府的协议。◆They've found evidence of recent star formation in the galaxy.他们发现了银河系新恒星形成的证据。 see also form ⇨ establish verb ■ establishment [uncountable] (rather formal) the act of starting or creating sth that is meant to last for a long time 建立；创立；确立◆The speaker announced the establishment of a new college.发言人宣布了新学院的成立。◆His visit facilitated the establishment of diplomatic relations between the countries.他的出访促进了国家间外交关系的建立。ⓘ Establishment can be used to talk about a service, a belief or a project, as well as an organization. * establishment可指公共服务事业、项目以及组织的建立或信仰的确立。 see also establish ⇨ establish ■ foundation [uncountable] (rather formal) the act of creating a new institution or organization （机构或组织的）创建，创办◆The organization has grown enormously since its foundation in 1955.该组织自1955年创建以来已发展壮大了起来。◆She used the money to go towards the foundation of a special research group.她把那笔钱花在了创建一个特别研究小组上。 see also found ⇨ establish |