president ♦︎ prime minister ♦︎ governor ♦︎ chancellor ♦︎ premier ♦︎ head of stateThese are all words for leaders of countries or governments.这些词均表示国家或政府的首脑。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a strong president / prime minister◆the acting / deputy president / prime minister / governor / premier / head of state◆the interim / incoming / outgoing president / prime minister / governor◆to elect sb / serve / be sworn in as president / prime minister / governor / chancellor / head of state◆sb's term as president / prime minister / governor / chancellor◆the president's / prime minister's / governor's / chancellor's office■president ( President) [countable] the leader of a republic, such as the United States; often used as a title总统，国家主席（常用作称谓）◆Several presidents attended the funeral.几位总统出席了葬礼。◆President Bush is due to visit the country next month.布什总统定于下月访问该国。◆Do you have any comment, Mr President?总统先生，您有何评论？■ˌprime ˈminister ( Prime Minister) [countable] the main minister and leader of the government in some countries首相；总理◆She soon emerged as a strong prime minister.她很快成为一个有实力的首相。◆The Prime Minister is coming under yet more pressure over the issue.首相在这个问题上将面临更多的压力。ⓘ In British English, Prime Minister is not used as a title.在英式英语中，Prime Minister不用作称谓◆I had a meeting with the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown.我与首相戈登•布朗进行了会面。However, in American English it can be used as a title in the same way as President.但是在美式英语中，Prime Minister与President一样可用作称谓◆ (NAmE) I would like to welcome Prime Minister Brown.请允许我向布朗首相表示欢迎。■governor ( Governor) [countable] a person who is the official leader of a country or region that is politically controlled by another country; the leader of the government of a state in the US; used as a title管辖者，总督，（美国的）州长（可用作称谓）◆The report was written by Chris Patten, the former governor of Hong Kong.这份报告由前任香港总督彭定康撰写。◆a provincial / State governor省长；州长◆Governor Jon Corzine of New Jersey新泽西州的乔恩•科尔津州长■chancellor ( Chancellor) /ˈtʃɑːnsələ(r); NAmEˈtʃænsələr/ [countable] the leader of the government in Germany or Austria; used as a title（德国或奥地利的）总理（可用作称谓）◆Helmut Kohl was the first chancellor of a united Germany.赫尔穆特•科尔是德国统一后的第一任总理。◆The talks will be headed by Germany's Chancellor Merkel.会谈将由德国总理默克尔主持。■premier /ˈpremiə(r); NAmEprɪˈmɪr, prɪˈmjɪr/ [countable] (journalism新闻) the leader of the country, state or province, especially a prime minister（国家、地区或省的）总理；首相◆He expressed his concerns in a letter to the Irish premier.他在给爱尔兰总理的信中表达了他的担忧。■ˌhead of ˈstate(pluralheads of state) [countable] the official leader of a country who is sometimes also the leader of the government国家元首◆The Queen was joined by the US President and other heads of state from around the world.美国总统和世界其他国家的首脑与女王会合。
top
adjective
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ main另见main条top ♦︎ senior ♦︎ chief ♦︎ leading ♦︎ high ♦︎ first ♦︎ high-ranking ♦︎ premier ♦︎ foremost ♦︎ superior ♦︎ eliteThese words all describe sb/sth that is the highest in position, rank or degree.这些词均表示最高级别的、一流的、顶尖的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a top / senior / chief / leading / high-ranking / superior officer◆a top / senior / chief / leading adviser / aide / economist / lawyer◆a top / senior / chief / high-ranking executive◆a top / senior / leading / high-ranking official◆a senior / leading / high-ranking figure / member◆the chief / leading / foremost exponent of sth◆the leading / foremost authority / expert on sth◆a top / senior grade / appointment / job◆the top / first / premier division / prize◆top / high grades / marks■top [usually before noun] highest in position, rank or degree（位置、级别或程度）最高的◆He lives on the top floor.他住在顶层。◆She's one of the top players in the country.她是国内顶尖运动员之一。◆The car was travelling at top speed.那辆汽车全速行驶。◆This is top quality silk.这是最优质的丝绸。ⓘ Top can be used after a linking verb, but only in British English. * top可用于连系动词后，但仅在英式英语中有此用法◆ (BrE) He finished top in the exam.他考试得了第一名。◆They're top of the league.他们在联赛中位居榜首。▸top
noun
[countable] ◆She was standing at the top of the stairs.她站在楼梯的顶端。◆Write your name at the top.把你的姓名写在上端。◆He's at the top of his profession.他正处于事业的巅峰。◆This decision came from the top(= the most important person in an organization).这一决定是由最高领导作出的。OPPbottom ⇨ bottom■seniorhigh in rank or status; higher in rank or status than others级别（或地位）高的◆She's a senior lecturer at the university.她是那所大学的高级讲师。◆I'm looking for a more senior position.我在寻找更高的职位。◆He is senior to me.他的职位比我高。OPPjuniorⓘ A person in a junior position is low in rank or status, or lower than others. * junior指级别或地位低的◆junior employees初级员工◆She is junior to me.她的职位比我低。■chief (often常作Chief) [only before noun] highest in rank最高级别的；为首的；首席的◆Who is the new Chief Education Officer?谁是新的首席教育官？◆The chief financial officer of the company paid us a visit.那家公司的财务总监访问了我们。◆Detective Chief Inspector Williams侦缉总督察威廉斯ⓘ Chief is mainly used in names of positions. * chief主要用于职务名称。■leading [only before noun] most important or most successful最重要的；一流的◆She was offered the leading role in the new TV series.她获邀在那部新的电视连续剧中扮演主角。◆He's a leading business analyst.他是顶尖的商业分析员。ⓘ Leading is often used in publicity for companies that produce products or provide services. * leading常用于生产产品或提供服务的公司的宣传材料中◆a leading brand / manufacturer / supplier领先的品牌／制造商／供应商 see also prominent ⇨ famous■high [usually before noun] near the top in rank or status上层的；地位高的◆She has held high office under three prime ministers.她曾在三任首相手下任过要职。◆The case was referred to a higher court.案件被提交上级法院审理。◆He has friends in high places(= among people of power and influence).他有位高权重的朋友。ⓘ In this meaning high is used in a fairly limited range of collocations表达此义时，high仅用于有限的几种搭配◆high status / rank / position / office高的地位／等级／职位／职务and in some more particular names of very important people and things.另外也用于一些非常重要的人或机构的特定名称中◆a high court / magistrate / commissioner / priest高等法院；高级地方执法官／专员；祭司长■first
determiner
most important or best最重要的；首要的；最优秀的◆Your first duty is to your family.你首先要对家庭尽责。◆She won first prize in the competition.她在竞赛中获得头等奖。ⓘ When first means 'most important', typical collocates are duty, importance and consideration. When first means 'best in a competition', typical collocates are prize and place.当first表示“最重要”时，常见搭配词有duty、importance和consideration。当first表示“在竞争中表现最佳”时，常见搭配词有prize和place。■ˌhigh-ˈranking [usually before noun] high in rank or status; important职位高的；显要的◆He's a high-ranking officer in the army.他是部队的高级军官。◆She's been offered a high-ranking post in the police force.她获得了警察机关中的高层职位。ⓘ High-ranking is often used to talk about positions in the areas of politics and the military. Typical collocates are (army/military) officer, bureaucrat, official, and (party) member. * high-ranking常指政治和军事领域的高级职位。常见搭配词有(army/military) officer、bureaucrat、official和(party) member。■premier /ˈpremiə(r); NAmEprɪˈmɪr, prɪˈmjɪr/ [only before noun] (especiallywrittenorjournalism新闻) most important, famous or successful首要的；最著名的；一流的；顶尖的◆The new Institute of Contemporary Art is one of Boston's premier attractions.新的当代美术馆是波士顿首屈一指的旅游景点。◆ (BrE, sport体育) They've just moved up to the Premier League(= in football).他们刚刚晋级超级联赛。ⓘ Premier is often used in journalism and advertising to talk about popular and successful events or places, especially in relation to the country or place they can be found in. * premier常用于新闻和广告，谈论出名及成功的事件或地方，尤与举办国或发生地相关◆Scotland's premier resort / hotel / exhibition / tourist attraction苏格兰首屈一指的度假胜地／酒店／展览／旅游景点■foremost /ˈfɔːməʊst; NAmEˈfɔːrmoʊst/ (ratherformal, especiallywritten) most important, famous or successful; in a position at the front最重要的；最著名的；一流的；最前的◆I'd like to introduce you to the world's foremost authority on the subject.我想向你介绍该学科全世界首屈一指的权威。◆The President was foremost among those who condemned the violence.总统带头谴责暴力行为。◆This question has been foremost in our minds recently.近来我们心目中一直认为这个问题最重要。NOTE辨析 Premier or foremost?Premier is used more to describe places and events; foremost is used more to describe people. Foremost is a more formal word and suggests greater seriousness; premier suggests greater popularity. * premier多修饰地方和事件，foremost多修饰人。foremost比较正式，含意更为严肃；premier意味着更为人熟知◆the world's foremost authority on / expert on / exponent of sth某方面全世界最重要的权威／专家／倡导者◆Britain's premier chef英国名厨■superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r), sjuːˈpɪəriə(r); NAmEsuːˈpɪriər/ higher in rank or status（级别或地位）更高的◆I'll need to check with my superior officer.我需要和我的上级长官核实一下。ⓘ In this meaning, superior typically collocates with officer, status, position and power.表达此义时superior通常与officer、status、position和power搭配。OPPinferiorⓘ An inferior officer or position is lower in rank or status. * inferior指级别或地位较低的。NOTE辨析 Senior or superior?Superior is used more than senior when there is a strong sense of status in a system or organization, for example in the army. In an everyday office or work situation it is more usual to talk about a senior colleague/manager/adviser/clerk/editor/designer/teacher.在等级观念较强的系统或组织，如军队中，superior比senior更常用。在日常办公或工作场合中较常用senior，如a senior colleague/manager/adviser/clerk/editor/designer/teacher（资深同事；高级经理／顾问／文员／编辑／设计师／教师）。■elite /eɪˈliːt, ɪˈliːt/ [only before noun] powerful, and having a lot of influence, because of wealth, ability, family or business connections掌权的；上层的；社会精英的◆The secret was known only by an elite group of senior executives.那个秘密仅限于一批掌权的高级主管知晓。◆He was trained at an elite military academy.他曾在精英军事学院受训。ⓘ Elite is often used in texts relating to the army or education. * elite常用于与军队或教育有关的文字中◆elite troops / force / corps精锐部队◆an elite force / corps一支精锐部队◆an elite education / private school精英教育；英才私立学校Elite is also often used to describe a group of people who share special knowedge or secrets. * elite亦常用来修饰拥有专业知识或知晓某些秘密的群体。 see also elite ⇨ elitenoun, elitist ⇨ exclusive