pressure noun ⇨pressure1 (the pressures of work)⇨pressure2 (the pressure to conform)⇨weight (apply pressure to the wound)⇨under pressure⇨tenseadj.pressure verb ⇨press2
pressure1
noun
the pressures of work工作压力the pressure to conform守规矩的要求pressure ♦︎ stress ♦︎ tension ♦︎ strain ♦︎ demands ♦︎ heatThese are all words for the feelings of anxiety caused by the problems in sb's life.这些词均表示生活的压力、紧张。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be under pressure / stress / strain◆pressure / stress / demands / heat on sb◆considerable pressure / stress / tension / strain / demands◆social / economic / financial pressure / stress / demands◆to cause stress / tension / strain◆to cope with the pressure / stress / tension / strain / demands◆to deal with / handle the pressure / stress / tension / demands◆to relieve / release the pressure / stress / tension / strain◆to feel the pressure / tension / strain / heat◆to take the pressure / strain / heat◆to suffer from stress / tension■pressure [uncountable] ( pressures [plural]) difficulties and feelings of anxiety that are caused by the need to achieve sth or to behave in a particular way心理压力；紧张◆She was unable to attend because of the pressure of work.由于工作紧张，她不能出席。◆How can anyone enjoy the pressures of city life?怎么会有人喜欢都市生活的压力呢？ see also under pressure ⇨ tense■stress [uncountable, countable, usually plural] pressure or anxiety caused by the problems in sb's life精神压力；心理负担；紧张◆emotional / mental stress情绪／精神压力◆stress-related illnesses与精神压力有关的疾病◆Stress is often a factor in the development of long-term sickness.压力常常是患上慢性病的一个原因。◆She failed to withstand the stresses and strains of public life.她忍受不了公众人物生活的紧张和压力。 see also stressful ⇨ stressful, stressed ⇨ tenseNOTE辨析 Pressure or stress?It is common to say that sb is suffering from stress; pressure may be the thing that causes stress.经常说suffer from stress，pressure也许是引发stress的原因。■tension [uncountable, countable, usually plural] a feeling of anxiety and stress that makes it impossible to relax（情绪上的）紧张，烦躁◆She was suffering from nervous tension.她当时神经紧张。◆Walking and swimming are excellent for releasing tensions.散步和游泳能很好地放松紧张情绪。 see also tense ⇨ stressful, tense ⇨ tense■strain [uncountable, countable] pressure on sb/sth because they have too much to do or manage; the problems, worry or anxiety that this produces压力；重负；重压之下出现的问题（或担忧、焦虑）◆Their marriage is under great strain at the moment.眼下他们的婚姻关系非常紧张。◆These repayments are putting a strain on our finances.偿还这些债务对我们的财务状况造成压力。◆Relax, and let us take the strain(= do things for you).别担心，我们来帮你分担一下压力。 see also strained ⇨ stressful, strained ⇨ tense■demands [plural] things that sb/sth makes you do, especially things that are difficult or make you tired or worried（尤指困难或使人劳累、令人烦恼的）要求◆the demands of children / work照顾孩子／工作中的累人的事◆Flying makes enormous demands on pilots.飞行驾驶对飞行员要求很高。■heat [uncountable] (ratherinformal, especially journalism尤用于新闻) pressure on sb to do or achieve sth压力；逼迫◆The heat is on now that the election is only a week away.离选举只有一个星期了，大家开始感觉到有压力了。◆Can she take the heat of this level of competition?她承受得了这种水平的比赛的压力吗？
pressure2
noun
the pressures of work工作压力the pressure to conform守规矩的要求pressure ♦︎ force ♦︎ coercion ♦︎ compulsionThese are all words for the act of trying to make sb do sth, sometimes using threats or violence.这些词均表示强迫、胁迫。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺下图显示这些词所表达强迫的程度
pressure
➔
coercion
➔
force
compulsion
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆pressure / compulsion on sb◆under pressure / coercion / compulsion◆by force / coercion / compulsion◆pressure / compulsion to do sth◆physical pressure / force / coercion◆legal pressure / compulsion◆to use force / coercion■pressure [uncountable] the act of trying to persuade or force sb to do sth催促；要求；强迫◆The pressure for change continued to mount.改革的呼声持续高涨。◆My parents never put any pressure on me to work in the family business.父母从来不强迫我在家族企业中工作。◆Teenagers may find it difficult to resist peer pressure(= pressure to behave in the same way as others of your age).青少年可能觉得很难抗拒同龄人的压力。■force [uncountable] physical violence used to make sb do sth or to achieve sth武力；暴力◆We will achieve much more by persuasion than by brute force.我们通过说服会比使用暴力获得多得多的成果。◆There were plans to seize power by force of arms(= by military action).曾经有武装夺权的计划。 see also force ⇨ forceverb■coercion /kəʊˈɜːʃn; NAmEkoʊˈɜːrʒn/ [uncountable] (formal) the act of making sb do sth that they do not want to, using threats or force（通过威胁或武力的）强迫，胁迫◆His defence was that he was acting under coercion.他辩解说他这么做是被人胁迫的。■compulsion [uncountable, countable] (ratherformal) strong pressure that makes sb do sth they do not want to do, especially sth they should do according to a law, rule or contract（尤指根据法律、规定或合同的）强迫，强制◆You are under no compulsion to pay.没有规定你要付款。◆There are no compulsions on students to attend classes.没有强制要求学生上课。 see also compel ⇨ forceverb, compulsory ⇨ necessary
weight
noun
weight ♦︎ pressure ♦︎ strain ♦︎ stress ♦︎ load ♦︎ mass ♦︎ densityThese are all words for how heavy sth is or how much it presses on sth else.这些词均表示重量、压力。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆under the weight / pressure / strain / stress / load◆(a) heavy weight / pressure / strain / load◆(a / an) considerable / enormous / great / immense weight / pressure / strain / stress◆high / low pressure / stress / density◆to put weight / pressure / strain / stress on sth◆to bear the weight / strain / stress / load◆to take the weight / strain / stress■weight [uncountable, countable] how heavy sb/sth is; the fact of being heavy; an object that is heavy重量；重；重物◆It is about 76 kilos in weight.这东西重约76公斤。◆Bananas are sold by weight.香蕉按重量出售。◆I just hoped the branch would take my weight.我只是希望树枝经得住我的体重。◆Don't put any weight on that ankle(= don't stand on it) for at least a week.至少一个星期内别让那只脚踝受力。◆The doctor said he should not lift heavy weights.医生说他不应提重物。ⓘ Weight is also used to talk about people becoming heavier/fatter or lighter/thinner. * weight还可用来表示人变重、变胖或变轻、变瘦◆She is trying to lose weight(= become less heavy and less fat).她正设法减肥。◆He's put on / gained weight(= become heavier and fatter) since he gave up smoking.他戒烟后体重增加了。◆Sam has a weight problem(= is too fat).萨姆太胖了。◆No more for me. I need to watch my weight.我不再吃了，我得控制体重。▸weigh
verb
[transitive] ◆How much do you weigh(= how heavy are you)?你有多重？◆She weighs 60 kilos.她体重60公斤。◆These cases weigh a ton(= are very heavy).这些箱子重得很。◆He weighed himself on the bathroom scales.他在浴室磅秤上称体重。■pressure [uncountable, countable] the force or weight with which sth presses against sth else; the force produced by a particular amount of gas or liquid in an enclosed space压力；压强◆The nurse applied pressure to his arm to stop the bleeding.护士压住他的胳膊止血。◆The door swung open beneath the gentle pressure of Jill's hand.吉尔用手轻轻一推，门就开了。◆air / water pressure气压；水压◆Check the tyre pressure(= the amount of air in a tyre) regularly.要定期检查轮胎气压。◆She suffers from high blood pressure.她有高血压。▸press
verb
[transitive, intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) ◆She pressed her lips together.她紧抿着双唇。◆He pressed up closer against the wall.他往墙上贴得更紧了。■strain [uncountable, countable] (oftendisapproving) the pressure that is put on sth when a physical force stretches, pushes or pulls it, especially when this pressure is too great（尤指过强的）拉力，压力，张力◆The rope broke under the strain.绳子拉断了。◆You should try not to place too much strain on muscles and joints.你应尽量不要让肌肉和关节太受力。▸strain
verb
[intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) ◆The dogs were straining at the leash.几条狗用力拽着皮带。■stress [uncountable, countable] pressure put on sth that can damage it or make it lose its shape压力；应力；承受力◆When you have an injury you start putting stress on other parts of your body.一旦受伤，你就会让身体其他部位受力。◆a stress fracture of the foot(= one caused by such pressure)足部应力骨折◆Engineers calculated the stresses borne by each of the bridge supports.工程师计算出桥的每根支柱所承受的压力。NOTE辨析 Pressure, strain or stress?Pressure can be heavy, firm, gentle or light. Strain and stress usually suggest that there is too much pressure. Strain is used especially when things are pulled or stretched. Pressure and stress are used more when things are pressed. Stress is often used to talk about pressure on parts of the body, or in buildings and other structures. * pressure可以用heavy、firm、gentle或light形容。strain和stress通常指压力过大。strain尤指拉力或张力。pressure和stress较多指压力。stress常指身体部位、建筑物或其他结构的承受力。■load [countable, usually singular] the amount of weight that is pressing down on sth承载量；负荷◆Be careful not to demolish a load-bearing wall.小心别损坏承重墙。◆Modern backpacks spread the load over a wider area.新式背包把承重量分散在更大的面积上。■mass [uncountable] (physics物理) the quantity of material that sth contains质量◆calculating the mass of a planet计算一颗行星的质量ⓘ In non-technical language weight is used for this meaning.在非专业用语中，用weight表示此义。■density [countable, uncountable] (physics物理) how heavy a solid, liquid or gas is in relation to its size or volume（固体、液体或气体的）密度◆similar stars of the same mass and density质量和密度相同的类似恒星◆Vitamin D deficiency causes a loss of bone density.缺乏维生素D会导致骨密度下降。ⓘ Density is measured by dividing the mass of sth by its volume. * density等于质量除以体积。
tense
adjective
tense ♦︎ strained ♦︎ stressed ♦︎ under pressure ♦︎ uptightThese words all describe people when they are too anxious to be able to relax.这些词均表示神经紧张的、焦虑不安的、无法放松的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to look / sound / seem tense / strained / uptight◆to get tense / uptight◆sth makes sb tense / uptight■tensenervous or worried and unable to relax神经紧张的；担心的；无法放松的◆Try to relax. Are you always this tense?尽量放轻松。你总是这样紧张吗？ⓘ You can be tense as a result of the situation you are in or because it is part of your personality and you are always that way. * tense可以是所处情况使人紧张，或是某人个性使然，向来如此◆She sounded tense and angry.她的声音听起来又气又急。◆He's a very tense person.他是个神经非常紧张的人。 see also tense ⇨ stressfuladj., tense ⇨ tightenverb, tension ⇨ pressure1■strainedshowing the effects of worry or pressure神色不宁的；紧张的；憔悴的◆Her face looked strained and weary.她的脸色显得憔悴疲惫。◆He spoke in a low, strained voice.他焦虑地低声说话。 see also strain ⇨ pressure1, strained ⇨ stressful■stressed ( informalstressed out) too anxious and tired to be able to relax焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的◆He was feeling very stressed and tired.他感觉十分焦虑，疲惫不堪。◆Stressed out? Take a break in the sun.焦虑不安吗？休息一下，去晒晒太阳吧。◆stressed business executives心力交瘁的公司主管 see also stress ⇨ pressure1, stressful ⇨ stressful■under ˈpressure
idiom
made to feel anxious about sth that you have to do承受着（完成某事的）压力◆The team performs well under pressure.这个队在压力下表现良好。◆I don't want to put you under pressure, but...我不想给你压力，但是⋯ see also pressure ⇨ pressure1■uptight / /ˌʌpˈtaɪt/ / (informal) anxious and/or angry about sth紧张不安的；愤怒的◆She felt too uptight to do any work.她感到紧张不安，什么工作都干不了。ⓘ You can be uptight as a result of the situation you are in or because it is part of your personality and you are always that way. * uptight可以是所处情况使人紧张，或是某人个性使然，向来如此◆Relax! You're getting too uptight about this.轻松点儿！你对这事太紧张了。◆He's a very uptight person.他是非常容易紧张的人。OPPeasy-going ⇨ calmadj.
press2
verb
press the button按下按钮press sb to make a decision催促某人做决定press ♦︎ push ♦︎ pressure ♦︎ coerce ♦︎ pressurize ♦︎ twist sb's armThese words all mean to try hard to persuade or force sb to do sth that they do not want to do.这些词均表示敦促、逼迫。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺下图显示这些词所表达逼迫的程度
push
➔
press
➔
pressure
➔
coerce
pressurize
twist sb's arm
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to press / push / pressure / coerce / pressurize sb into (doing) sth◆to press sb / push sb / pressure sb / coerce sb / pressurize sb / twist sb's arm to do sth◆to press / push sb for sth■press [transitive] to try hard to persuade sb to do sth, especially sth they do not want to do催促；敦促◆The bank is pressing us for repayment of the loan.银行正在催我们偿还贷款。◆They are pressing us to make a quick decision.他们正催促我们尽快做决定。◆I did not press him further on the issue(= ask him more questions about it).关于这件事我没再逼问他。ⓘ People often say that sb presses sb to say sth or to answer a question, for example a journalist trying hard to get an answer or some information from a politician, by questioning them repeatedly. * press常指逼问，如记者一再追问从政者◆When pressed by journalists, he refused to comment.被记者逼问时，他拒绝评论。 see also press for sth ⇨ demandverb■push [transitive] to try to persuade or encourage sb to do sth, especially sth they do not want to do劝说；鼓励；敦促◆My teacher pushed me into entering the competition.我的老师劝我参加比赛。◆No one pushed you to take the job, did they?没有人强迫你接受这份工作，对不对？NOTE辨析 Press or push?In many cases you can use either word.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆They were pressing / pushing the minister for a decision.他们正敦促部长做决定。However, press can be more forceful than push: you press people to do things that you want or need them to do; you might push sb to do sth that you think they would actually enjoy or benefit from.但是，press比push语义更强，表示强迫别人做你想要他们做的事。push则可以表示敦促他人做你认为他们会喜欢或会从中受益的事情◆My teacher pressed me into entering the competition.■pressure [transitive, often passive] (especially NAmE) to try to persuade or force sb to do sth, especially by making them feel that they have to or should do it逼迫；使迫不得已◆Don't let yourself be pressured into making a hasty decision.不用勉强自己仓促做出决定。◆No one has the right to pressure you. You can always say no.没人有权逼你，你什么时候都可以说“不”。ⓘ In British English the more usual word for this is pressurize; however, pressure is also used.在英式英语中，较常用的词是pressurize，但是也用pressure。■coerce / /kəʊˈɜːs; NAmEkoʊˈɜːrs/ [transitive] (ratherformal) to force sb to do sth by using threats强迫；胁迫；迫使◆They were coerced into negotiating a settlement.他们被迫通过谈判解决。◆She hadn't coerced him in any way.她没有以任何方式强迫他。■pressurize (BrE alsopressurise) /ˈpreʃəraɪz/ / [transitive, often passive] (BrE) to pressure sb逼迫；使迫不得已◆Stop trying to pressurize me!别再逼我了！■twist sb's ˈarm
idiom
(informal) to try to persuade or force sb to do sth, often in a friendly way（常指友好地）劝说，强迫，生拉硬拽◆No one twisted my arm. I wanted to come.没人硬拽我，我自己想来的。