presume verb ⇨dare (I wouldn't presume to tell you what to do.)⇨say3 (missing, presumed dead)⇨suppose (I presume so.)
dare
verb
dare ♦︎ risk ♦︎ go so/as far as to... ♦︎ venture ♦︎ hazard ♦︎ stick your neck out ♦︎ pluck up (the) courage ♦︎ presume ♦︎ chanceThese words all mean to be brave enough to try to do sth that may not succeed.这些词均表示敢于尝试去做未必成功的事情。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to dare / go so far as / venture / pluck up courage / presume to do sth◆to risk / chance doing sth◆to venture / hazard an opinion◆to risk / chance a look (at sth)◆to risk / chance it■dare [intransitive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses通常不用于进行时) to be brave enough to do sth difficult or dangerous; to be rude enough to do sth that you have no right to do敢于；胆敢◆She said it as loudly as she dared.她壮着胆子，放声说了出来。◆He didn't dare (to) say what he thought.他不敢说出自己的想法。◆Dare to be different!要敢于与众不同！◆ (BrE) They daren't ask for any more money.他们不敢再要钱了。◆ (spoken) 'I'll tell her about it.' 'Don't you dare!'“我要把这事告诉她。”“你敢！”◆How dare you talk to me like that!你竟敢那样对我说话！ see also daring ⇨ boldadj., daring ⇨ couragenoun■risk [transitive] to do sth that may mean that you get into a situation which is unpleasant for you; to do sth that you know is not really a good idea or may not be successful冒⋯的危险（或风险）；（明知结果）冒险做，大胆做◆There was no choice. If they stayed there, they risked death.他们别无选择，如果待在那里，就有性命之虞。◆They knew they risked being arrested.他们知道自己冒着被捕的危险。◆He risked a glance at her furious face.他壮着胆子瞅了一眼她愤怒的脸。◆It was a difficult decision but we decided to risk it.这是个艰难的决定，但我们决定冒险一试。 see also risk ⇨ risknoun12■go so ˈfar as to...■go as ˈfar as to...
idiom
to go to extreme or surprising limits in dealing with sth竟然；甚至◆In June 2006 he went so far as to offer his resignation.2006年6月他甚至提出了辞呈。◆I wouldn't go as far as to say that he's a liar(= but I think he may be slightly dishonest).我倒不至于说他是个骗子。■venture / /ˈventʃə(r)/ / [transitive] (formal) to say or do sth in a careful way, especially because it might upset or offend sb试探地说，谨慎地做（尤指会使人烦恼或不快的事）◆She hardly dared to venture an opinion.她几乎不敢亮明观点。◆I ventured to suggest that she might have made a mistake.我试探地提醒说她可能出错了。■hazard /ˈhæzəd; NAmEˈhæzərd/ [transitive, intransitive] to make a suggestion or guess that you know may be wrong冒失地提出；冒险猜测◆Would you like to hazard a guess?你想猜猜看吗？◆'Is it Tom you're going with?' she hazarded.“你是要和汤姆一起去吗？”她冒失地问。■stick your ˈneck out
idiom
(stuck, stuck) (informal) to do or say sth when there is a risk that you may be wrong冒险；做不保险的事；说不保险的话◆I'll stick my neck out and say that Bill is the best candidate for the job.我愿冒险说，比尔是这份工作的最佳人选。■pluck up (the) ˈcourage
idiom
(usuallyapproving) to make yourself do sth even though you are afraid to do it鼓起勇气（做某事）◆I finally plucked up the courage to ask her for a date.我终于鼓起勇气约她出去。■presume /prɪˈzjuːm; NAmEprɪˈzuːm/ [intransitive] (formal, usuallydisapproving) to behave in a way that shows a lack of respect by doing sth that you have no right to do妄行；越权行事◆I wouldn't presume to tell you how to run your own business.我不会僭越去指点你该如何经营你自己的事业。 see also presumptuous ⇨ cooladj.■chance [transitive] (informal) to risk sth, although you know the result may not be successful冒险；拿⋯去冒风险◆'Take an umbrella.' 'No, I'll chance it(= take the risk that it may rain).'“带上伞吧。”“不了，我就冒冒险吧。”◆ (especially BrE) She was chancing her luck driving without a licence.她无照驾车，完全是在冒险。
say3
verb
'Hello!' she said.“喂！”她说。I can't say I blame her.我不能说是她不对。We'll finish in, let's say, three months.比方说，三个月我们就能完成。say ♦︎ suppose ♦︎ speculate ♦︎ presume ♦︎ postulate ♦︎ presupposeThese words all mean to suggest or give sth as a possibility, or act as if sth were true even though you have no definite proof.这些词均表示假定、假设。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to say / suppose / speculate / presume / postulate / presuppose that...◆to suppose / presume / postulate / presuppose the existence of sth◆let's (just) / let us say / suppose (that...)■say(said, said) [transitive, no passive] (especiallyspoken) used to give or suggest sth as an example or possibility比方说；假设◆You could learn the basics in, let's say, three months.比方说，三个月你就可以掌握基本知识。◆Take any writer, say(= for example) Dickens...随便举一个作家为例，比如说狄更斯⋯◆Say you lose your job. What then?假设你丢了工作，那会怎样？■suppose [transitive] to pretend that sth is true; to imagine what would happen if sth were true假定；假设；设想◆Suppose all the flights are booked on that day. Which other day could we go?假定那天的航班都订满了，我们还可以哪天走呢？◆Let us suppose, for example, that you are married with two children.比方说，假设你成家了，还有两个孩子。◆Suppose him dead－what then?假如他死了，那怎么办？■speculate / /ˈspekjuleɪt/ / [transitive] to form an opinion about sth without knowing all the details or facts推测；猜测；推断◆Everyone speculated wildly about the reasons for her resignation.大家都胡乱推测她辞职的原因。◆It's useless to speculate why he did it.对于他为什么这样做，妄加猜测一点用也没有。 see also speculation ⇨ speculation, speculative ⇨ supposed■presume /prɪˈzjuːm; NAmEprɪˈzuːm/ [transitive] (ratherformal) to accept that sth is true until it is shown not to be true, for example in court; to accept sth as true or real and take action on that basis（在法庭上等）推定，假定；假设（作为行事的基础）◆Twelve passengers are missing, presumed dead.有十二名旅客失踪，已推定罹难。◆In English law, a person is presumed innocent until proven guilty.英国法律规定，一个人在被证明有罪之前推定为无辜。 see also presumption ⇨ speculation, presume ⇨ suppose■postulate /ˈpɒstjuleɪt; NAmEˈpɑːstʃəleɪt/ [transitive] (formal) to suggest or accept that sth is true so that it can be used as the basis of a theory or argument假定，假设（以作为理论或论证的基础）◆Some linguists have postulated a change in English pronunciation from around 1600.一些语言学家假定大约从1600年开始英语发音出现了变化。■presuppose /ˌpriːsəˈpəʊz; NAmEˌpriːsəˈpoʊz/ [transitive] (formal) (of a person) to accept sth as true or real and base your actions on that before it has been proved; (of an argument or reason) to depend on sth else being true in order to exist or be valid（人）姑且认为，假设；（论点或理由）以⋯为前提，依⋯而定◆Teachers sometimes presuppose a fairly high level of knowledge on the part of the students.教师有时会假定学生有相当高的知识水平。◆This argument presupposes that all children start off life with equal advantages.这个论点的前提是，所有儿童生来都具有同等的优势。 see also presupposition ⇨ speculation
suppose
verb
suppose ♦︎ assume ♦︎ guess ♦︎ suspect ♦︎ imagine ♦︎ expect ♦︎ presume ♦︎ take it ♦︎ I dare sayThese words all mean to say or think that sth is true or possible, based on the information you have.这些词均表示根据所知信息认为、推断、假定。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to suppose / assume / guess / suspect / imagine / expect / presume / take it / dare say that...◆to be supposed / assumed / suspected / imagined / presumed to be sth◆Let's / Let us suppose / assume / imagine / presume / take it...◆can only suppose / assume / imagine / presume / take it (that)...◆to reasonably suppose / assume / suspect / presume◆to rightly suppose / assume / suspect◆to be widely supposed / assumed / suspected / presumed◆to be commonly / generally supposed / assumed / imagined / presumed◆always supposing / assuming / presuming that...◆I suppose / assume / guess / suspect / imagine / expect / presume so.■suppose [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to think or believe that sth is true or possible, based on the information you have（根据所知信息）认为，推断，料想◆Getting a visa isn't as easy as you might suppose.办签证可不像你想的那么容易。◆Prices will go up, I suppose.我觉得物价将会上涨。◆I suppose you think that's funny!我想你会认为这很有趣！◆Why do you suppose he resigned?你凭什么推断他辞职了呢？◆I don't suppose for a minute that he'll agree(= I'm sure that he won't).我认为他绝不会同意。ⓘ Suppose is also used to make a statement, request or suggestion less direct or less strong. * suppose也用于比较间接或婉转地表明立场、提出请求或建议◆I could take you in the car, I suppose(= but I don't really want to).要不你坐我的车吧。◆'Can I borrow the car?' 'I suppose so(= Yes, but I'm not very happy about it).'“我能借这辆车吗？”“应该可以吧。”◆Suppose we take a later train?也许我们可以坐晚一点的火车？■assume /əˈsjuːm; NAmEəˈsuːm/ [transitive] to think or accept that sth is true but without having any proof假定；假设；认为◆Let's assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.咱们可以暂时假设该计划成功。◆I think we can safely assume that this situation will continue.我觉得我们可以有把握地认为这种状态将会持续下去。◆It's generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为紧张是工作过重所致。◆Don't always assume the worst(= think that the worst thing will happen).别总往最坏处想。 see also assumption ⇨ speculation■guess [transitive] (usually used in the form I guess通常用于I guess形式) (especially NAmE, spoken) to suppose that sth is true or likely想；认为◆I guess I'm just lucky.我认为我只是幸运而已。◆He didn't see me, I guess.我想他没看见我。ⓘ I guess so is used to agree to a statement, invitation or request, but in a way that shows you are hesitating about it. * I guess so用于表示同意某种说法、接受邀请或请求，但表现出有些犹豫◆'Can I have another cookie?' 'I guess so, but that's the last one.'“我能再吃块曲奇饼吗？”“行吧，不过这是最后一块。”■suspect [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to have an idea that sth is probably true or likely to happen, especially sth bad, but without having any definite proof疑有，觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）◆If you suspect a gas leak, call the emergency services immediately.假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，马上给应急服务机构打电话。◆As I suspected all along, he was not a real policeman.他不是真警察，我一直就觉得他不像。 see also suspicion ⇨ doubtnoun2, suspicion ⇨ idea2■imagine [transitive] to think that sth is probably true; to believe sth that is not true料想；认为；胡乱猜想；猜测◆'Will we still be allowed in?' 'I imagine so.'“我们还能进去吗？”“我想可以吧。”◆I don't imagine he'll get here now, do you?我认为他现在不会到这里来，你说呢？◆He's always imagining that we're talking about him behind his back.他总是胡乱猜想我们在背后说他的闲话。■expect [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (especially BrE, spoken) to think that sth is probably true猜想；料想；认为◆'Will Bill be there?' 'I expect so.'“比尔会去那里吗？”“我想会吧。”◆'Are you going out tonight?' 'I don't expect so.'“你今晚出去吗？”“我想不会吧。”◆I expect he'll be late, as usual.我想他会像往常一样迟到。■presume /prɪˈzjuːm; NAmEprɪˈzuːm/ [transitive] (formal) to suppose that sth is true, although you have no proof假设；假定◆I presumed that he understood the rules.我还以为他明白这些规则。◆Little is known of the youngest son; it is presumed that he died young.人们对那个最小的儿子所知甚少，据推测他已经夭折。ⓘ Presume is more formal than assume. It is often used when you are not interested enough in sth to find out if it is really true or not. * presume比assume正式，常用于对事情是否属实不怎么感兴趣的场合◆'Is he still abroad?' 'I presume so(= but I don't actually know and I don't really care either).'“他还在国外吗？”“我想是吧。” see also presume ⇨ say3, presumably ⇨ probably, presumption ⇨ speculation■ˈtake it
idiom
(took, taken) (ratherinformal) to suppose that sth is true假设；假定；设想；以为◆I take it you won't be coming to the party.我想你不会来参加聚会吧。ⓘ Take it is always followed by a that clause, even if the word that is actually left out. * take it后面总是接that从句，即便that已被省略。■I dare say ( I daresay)
idiom
(especially BrE, spoken) used when you think that sth is probably true我想；很可能；大概◆I dare say he'll cope.我想他能处理得了。ⓘ I dare say is always followed by a that clause, even if the word that is actually left out. * I dare say后面总是接that从句，即便that已被省略。