research ♦︎ analysis ♦︎ exploration ♦︎ scrutiny ♦︎ examination ♦︎ study ♦︎ discussion ♦︎ enquiryThese are all words for the process of examining and finding out more about sth, or the result of this process.这些词均表示调查、研究或研究结果。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆research / enquiry into sth◆detailed research / analysis / exploration / scrutiny / examination / study / discussion / enquiry◆close analysis / scrutiny / examination / study◆scientific research / analysis / exploration / scrutiny / examination / study / enquiry◆historical research / analysis / exploration / examination / study / enquiry◆to carry out / conduct / undertake research / analysis / exploration / an examination / a study◆to do research / analysis / a study◆research / analysis / exploration / scrutiny / examination / the study reveals sth◆research / analysis / examination / the study shows / suggests sth■research [uncountable] ( researches [plural]) the process of studying a subject in detail, especially in order to discover new information about it（尤指为了发掘更多信息的）研究，调查，探索◆He's done a lot of research into renewable energy sources.他已经对可再生能源做了大量研究。◆I've done some research to find out the cheapest way of travelling there.为了找到去那里最省钱的方式，我做了一些研究。◆Recent research on deaf children has yielded some interesting results.对失聪儿童的最新研究已经取得了一些有意义的结果。◆We're trying to raise money for cancer research.我们正在努力为癌症研究筹集资金。◆This is a piece of research that should be taken very seriously.这是一项应该严肃认真对待的研究。◆James is a 24-year-old research student from Iowa.詹姆斯是一个来自艾奥瓦州的24岁研究生。◆They pour millions of dollars into research and development(= researching and creating new products).他们投入数百万元进行研发。◆I work for a market research organization(= an organization that finds out what people buy and why).我在一家市场调查机构供职。◆In the course of my researches, I came across some of my grandfather's old letters.在我的研究过程中，我偶然接触到一些祖父的旧信。 see also research ⇨ investigateverb■analysis / /əˈnæləsɪs/ / [uncountable, countable] the process of studying sth in detail in order to understand more about it; the result of this study（对事物的）分析，分析结果◆Most of the information we have so far is based on statistical analysis.迄今为止我们的信息大多基于统计分析得来。◆The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes.这本书分析了贫困及其根源。 see also analyse ⇨ examineNOTE辨析 Research or analysis?When you do research you try to find out new information; when you do analysis you look in more detail at the information you already have, in order to understand it better. * research指试图找到新的信息，analysis指深入了解已有信息。■exploration / /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or look for sth; the act of looking at sth or considering it in detail in order to find out more about it勘探；勘查；探索；探究◆The film is a chronicle of man's exploration of space.这部电影讲述了人类太空探索的历史。◆Extensive oil exploration was carried out using the latest drilling technology.应用最新的钻井技术进行了大规模的石油勘探。◆This was the time of Humboldt's explorations in South America.这就是洪堡在南美探索的时期。 see also explore ⇨ investigateverb■scrutiny / /ˈskruːtəni/ / [uncountable] (formal) the act of considering sth in great detail, especially in order to see or decide if it is good enough仔细探究（尤指为了解或评判是否合格）◆Her argument doesn't really stand up to scrutiny.她的论点经不起认真推敲。◆The documents should be available for public scrutiny.这些文件应公诸于世，交由公众审议。◆Foreign policy has come under close scrutiny recently.近来，政府的外交政策受到了认真彻底的审查。 see also scrutinize ⇨ study■examination [uncountable, countable] the act of considering sth in detail, in order to understand more about it or to make a decision or judgement about it（为了更好地理解某事物或对之作决定或判断的）审查，调查，考查◆Your proposals are still under examination.你的几份提案仍在审查之中。◆On closer examination, her story did not seem to stand up.仔细推究起來，她的说法显得站不住脚。◆The chapter concludes with a brief examination of what causes family break-up.本章结束时简要考查了引起家庭破裂的因素。 see also examine ⇨ examine■study [uncountable, countable] the process of considering sth in detail, in order to understand or find out more about it细致考虑；仔细检查；审视◆The scientific study of American dialects began in 1889.对美国方言的科学研究始于1889年。◆A detailed study of the area was carried out.对该地区进行了详细研究。 see also study ⇨ reportnoun1, study ⇨ examineverbNOTE辨析 Examination or study?Examination has a broader range of meaning than study in this meaning. Study is usually more academic, in order to find out more about a subject; examination may be more practical, in order to make a decision about sth.表达此义时，examination含义比study更宽泛。study通常多与学术相关，目的是对某学科有更多了解；examination可能更多出于实际的需要，是为了对某事作出决定。■discussion [countable, uncountable] a speech or piece of writing that discusses many different aspects of a subject详述；论述◆Her article is a discussion of the methods used in research.她这篇文章论述了研究中运用的方法。◆There will be further discussion of these issues in the next chapter.这些问题将在下一章进一步讨论。 see also discuss ⇨ examine■enquiry ( inquiry) [uncountable] the act of asking questions or collecting information about sb/sth查询；探究；探索◆Some regimes have tried to stifle scientific enquiry.有些政权试图扼杀科学探索。◆We are following several lines of enquiry.我们正沿着几条线索进行调查。 see also enquire into sth ⇨ investigateverb
investigate
verb
investigate ♦︎ explore ♦︎ look into sth ♦︎ research ♦︎ probe ♦︎ enquire into sth ♦︎ delve into sthThese words all mean to examine sth in order to find out more about it.这些词均表示调查、探究、查考。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to look / research / probe / enquire / delve into sth◆to investigate / explore / look into / research / enquire into what / why / how / whether...◆to investigate / explore / look into / research / enquire into a problem / matter◆to investigate / explore / look into / research / delve into a subject◆to investigate / look into / probe / enquire into an allegation◆to investigate / explore / probe further◆to look / enquire / delve further into sth◆to carefully investigate / explore / research sth◆to enquire carefully into sth◆to look / probe / enquire / delve deep / deeper / deeply into sth◆to investigate / explore / probe sth in detail■investigate [intransitive, transitive] to carefully examine the facts of a situation, event or crime to find out the truth about it or how it happened; to try to find out information about sb's character or activities; to find out information about a subject or problem by study or research调查；侦查；研究◆The FBI has been called in to investigate.联邦调查局奉命进行调查。◆ (informal) 'What was that noise?' 'I'll go and investigate.'“那是什么声音？”“我去看一下。”◆Police are investigating possible links between the two murders.警方正在调查这两起谋杀案之间是否存在关联。◆This is not the first time he has been investigated by the police for fraud.这不是警方第一次调查他是否有欺诈行为。◆The research investigates how foreign speakers gain fluency.这项研究调查了讲外语的人如何提高流利程度。 see also investigation ⇨ reportnoun1■explore [transitive] to examine or discuss an idea, issue or possibility completely or carefully in order to find out more about it探究；调查研究；探讨◆These ideas will be explored in more detail in chapter 7.这些观点将在第7章里作更详细的探讨。◆The study explores the differences between the way girls and boys talk.这项研究探讨了女孩和男孩讲话方式的差异。◆We need to explore every possible avenue(= every possibility).我们需要探究一切可能的情况。 see also exploration ⇨ researchnoun■ˌlook ˈinto sth
phrasal verb
to examine sth to find out more about it or to see whether it is possible调查；审查◆A working party has been set up to look into the problem.已成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。◆He was asked to look into the feasibility of a trial.他受命调查审判的可行性。■research [transitive, intransitive] to study sth carefully and in detail to try to discover new facts about it研究；探讨；调查◆She's in New Zealand researching her new book.她在新西兰为她的新书搜集材料。◆The book has been poorly researched.这本书所作的研究不足。◆They're researching into new ways of improving people's diets.他们正在研究改进人们饮食的新方法。ⓘ People research things especially in order to write a book, develop a new product or method of doing sth or start a new line of business. * research尤指为写书、开发新产品、找到新方法或开发新业务而作调查研究。 see also research ⇨ researchnoun■probe [intransitive, transitive] (especially journalism尤用于新闻) to ask questions in order to find out secret or hidden information about sb/sth盘问；追问；探究◆Jim changed the subject before she could probe any further.吉姆在她进一步盘问前换了个话题。◆He didn't like the media probing into his past.他不喜欢媒体追问他的过去。◆Scotland Yard to probe fraud allegations(= in a news headline)苏格兰场将调查欺诈指控■enˈquire into sth ( inquire into sth, especially in NAmE)
phrasal verb
to find out more information about sth, especially by asking questions（尤指通过提问）调查，查究，询问◆He was instructed to enquire into where responsibility for the conflict lay.他受命调查谁该为冲突负责。◆Jack knew not to enquire too closely into the affairs of his uncle.杰克明白对他叔叔的事不要查得太紧。 see also enquiry ⇨ researchnoun■delve into sth
phrasal verb
(ratherinformal) to try hard to find out more information about sth, especially sth complicated or difficult to find out about探索，探究，查考（尤指复杂或难以查考之事）◆She had started to delve into her father's distant past.她开始探究父亲久远的过去。