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restraint noun
⇨ restraint (appeal to the crowd for restraint) ⇨ limit 1 (export/social restraints) restraint noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ composure 另见composure条restraint ♦︎ self-control ♦︎ self-disciplineThese are all words for the ability to behave calmly and with control. 这些词均表示克制、自制力、约束。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to have the self-control / self-discipline to do sth◆to show restraint / self-control / self-discipline◆to exercise restraint / self-control◆to have / take self-control / self-discipline◆a lack of restraint / self-control■ restraint / /rɪˈstreɪnt/ / [uncountable] the quality of behaving calmly and with control, especially when you are feeling angry or excited （尤指生气或兴奋时的）克制，抑制，约束◆He exercised considerable restraint in ignoring the insults.他表现得相当克制，不去理会种种侮辱。◆The police appealed to the crowd for restraint.警方呼吁群众保持克制。 see also restrain ⇨ suppress 2 , restrained ⇨ disciplined ■ ˌself-conˈtrol [uncountable] the ability to remain calm and not show your emotions even though you are feeling angry or excited （生气或兴奋时的）自制力，自我控制◆It took all his self-control not to shout at them.他强压怒火，没有冲他们叫嚷。◆She struggled to keep her self-control.她竭力保持自制。◆He suddenly lost all self-control and started shouting and swearing.他突然完全失控，喊叫咒骂起来。 see also control ⇨ control noun , control ⇨ suppress verb 2 NOTE 辨析 Restraint or self-control? Self-control is an ability that people have as part of their character. You can have self-control and you can keep or lose it on a particular occasion. Restraint is less a part of sb's character and more a matter of their behaviour: you can exercise or show restraint, but it is not sth that you have, keep or lose. * self-control指自控能力，是人性格的一部分。可以说have/keep/lose self-control（有／保持／失去自制力）。restraint不太被视为人的性格，而多与行为有关。可以说exercise/show restraint（发挥／表现出克制），但不能说有、保持或失去restraint◆It took all his restraint not to shout. ◆She struggled to keep her restraint. ■ ˌself-ˈdiscipline [uncountable] the ability to make yourself do sth, especially sth difficult or unpleasant 自律能力；自我约束能力◆It takes a lot of self-discipline to go jogging in winter.在冬天跑步需要很强的自律能力。 see also discipline ⇨ control noun limit1 noun a speed/time/age limit 速度／时间／年龄限制a limit to what we can do 我们做事能力的限度limit ♦︎ restriction ♦︎ control ♦︎ constraint ♦︎ restraint ♦︎ limitation ♦︎ ceiling ♦︎ curb ♦︎ checkThese are all words for sth that limits what you can do or what can happen. 这些词均表示限制、限定、制约。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / a ceiling / curbs / checks on sth◆limits / limitations / checks to sth◆without limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / checks◆severe limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / checks◆tight limits / restrictions / controls / constraints◆effective limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints◆an artificial limit / restriction / constraint◆to impose limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / a ceiling / curbs / checks◆to place limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / a ceiling / checks◆to introduce limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / limitations / curbs / checks◆to remove / accept limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations◆to lift restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / the ceiling◆to tighten / relax restrictions / controls / constraints◆to act as a control / constraint / restraint / limitation / ceiling / curb / check■ limit [countable] the greatest or smallest amount of sth that is allowed 极限；限量；限额◆The EU has set strict limits on pollution levels.欧盟对污染程度定下了严格的限制。◆He admitted that he had broken the speed limit.他承认超速驾驶。◆You can't drive－you're over the limit (= you have drunk more alcohol than is legal when driving).你饮酒过量，不能驾车。◆It is our job to keep government spending within acceptable limits.我们的职责是使政府的开支保持在可接受的限额内。 see also limit ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth phrasal verb ■ restriction [countable] (rather formal) a rule or law that limits what you can do 限制规定；限制法规◆Speed restrictions are in operation on the M4 due to poor visibility.由于能见度低，M4高速公路正在实施限速。◆The government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom.政府已经同意取消对新闻自由的限制。◆There are no restrictions on the amount of money you can withdraw.取款没有限额。 see also restrict ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth phrasal verb ■ control [uncountable, countable] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) the act of limiting or managing sth; a method of doing this 限制；管制；约束◆traffic control交通管制◆talks on arms control军备控制谈判◆A new advance has been made in the control of malaria.在控制疟疾方面已取得新的进展。◆government controls on trade and industry政府对工商业的管理◆Price controls on food were ended.对食品价格的控制已告结束。◆A pest control officer was called in to deal with the rat problem.一名虫害防治员被请来应对鼠害问题。■ constraint [countable] (rather formal) a fact or decision that limits what you can do 限制；限定；约束◆We have to work within severe constraints of time and money.我们不得不在时间紧迫、资金紧缺的限制下工作。◆This decision will impose serious financial constraints on all schools.这项决定将使所有学校受到严格的财务限制。 see also constrain ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth phrasal verb ■ restraint [countable, usually plural, uncountable] (rather formal) a decision, rule, idea, etc. that limits what you can do; the act of limiting sth because it is necessary or sensible to do so 管制措施；制约因素；（必要或合理的）控制，限制◆The government has imposed export restraints on some products.政府对一些产品实行了出口限制。◆There are certain social restraints on drinking alcohol.在饮酒方面存在着某些社会制约因素。◆The unions are unlikely to accept any sort of wage restraint.这些工会不可能接受任何形式的工资限制。◆They said that they would fight without restraint (= completely freely) for what they wanted.他们说，为达目的，他们会无所顾忌地抗争到底。■ limitation [uncountable, countable] the act or process of limiting sth; a rule, fact or condition that limits sth 限制；控制；限制措施；制约条件◆They would resist any limitation of their powers.他们会抵制对他们权力的任何限制。◆Disability is a physical limitation on your life.残疾在生理上限制了你的生活。◆There should be no limitations to progress in the talks.谈判的进展情况不应受到任何制约。NOTE 辨析 Restriction, constraint, restraint or limitation?These are all things that limit what you can do. A restriction is rule or law that is made by sb in authority. A constraint is sth that exists rather than sth that is made, although it may exist as a result of sb's decision. A restraint is also sth that exists: it can exist outside yourself, as the result of sb else's decision; but it can also exist inside you, as a fear of what other people may think or as your own feeling about what is acceptable. 这些词均表示限制，其中restriction指权威人士制定的规定或法规；constraint指现存的限制或约束而非作出的规定，尽管这种约束也可能是因他人的决定而存在；restraint也指现存的限制或制约因素，既可能指自身之外的因素，如他人的决定；也可能指自身因素，如担心别人的想法或顾虑自己的做法能否被接受◆moral / social / cultural / conventional restraints道德／社会／文化／习俗的制约因素A limitation is more general and can be a rule that sb makes or a fact or condition that exists. * limitation使用比较普遍，可指某人作出的限制规定，也可指现存的制约因素或条件。 ■ ceiling [countable] the highest limit on sth such as prices or wages （价格、工资等的）最高限度，上限，最大限量◆They have put a ceiling on the price of fuel.他们规定了燃料价格的上限。◆The government has decided to lift price ceilings on bread and milk.政府已决定取消对面包和牛奶的最高限价。■ curb /kɜːb; NAmE kɜːrb/ [countable] a rule or action that limits the level, amount or degree of sth （对水平、数量或程度）起限制作用的规定（或行为）◆We are in favour of strict curbs on government spending.我们赞成对政府开支采取严格限制措施。◆Counselling acted as a curb on his violent behaviour.心理咨询对他的暴力行为起到了抑制作用。■ check [countable] (rather formal) something that slows down the progress of sth else or stops it from getting worse 阻碍进程的事物；防止恶化的事物◆A cold spring will provide a natural check on the number of insects.寒冷的春季会自然控制昆虫的数量。◆The House of Commons became the most fundamental check to the power of the British monarchy.下议院对英国君主的权力起到了最根本的制衡作用。 |