| 例句 |
set adj.
⇨ set (a set pattern/menu) ⇨ deep-seated (set in your ways) ⇨ ready (Inflation is set to rise.)set verb
⇨ allocate (set sb a task) ⇨ put 1 (set the tray down) ⇨ put 2 (set sth in motion) ⇨ schedule (set a date for sth)set noun
⇨ class 3 (in the top set for English) ⇨ group 1 (a set of chairs/novels) ⇨ group 2 (Berlin's smart set) ⇨ round (play a set of tennis) set adjective set ♦︎ fixed ♦︎ predetermined ♦︎ prearrangedThese words all describe sth that is planned or arranged in advance. 这些词均表示预先安排的、预定的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆set / fixed / predetermined rules◆a set / fixed / predetermined number / level / quantity / pattern◆a set / fixed price■ set [usually before noun] planned or not changing; (of a meal in a restaurant) having a fixed price and a limited choice of dishes 安排好的；确定的；固定的；（餐馆的饭菜）套（餐）◆Each person was given set jobs to do.每个人都分配了预先确定好的工作。◆New vehicles must comply with set safety standards.新车必须符合现有的安全标准。◆There are restaurants nearby that offer a set meal for just a few dollars.附近有些饭店供应价格仅几元钱的套餐。◆the set menu套餐菜单■ fixed staying the same; not changing or that cannot be changed 固定的；不变的；不能变的◆These accounts offer a fixed rate of interest over a defined period.在一定期限内，这些账户有固定利率。◆The money has been invested for a fixed period.这笔款项已做定期投资。■ predetermined / /ˌpriːdɪˈtɜːmɪnd; NAmE ˌpriːdɪˈtɜːrmɪnd/ (rather formal) decided or chosen in advance, so that it does not happen by chance 预先决定的；事先安排的◆An alarm sounds when the temperature reaches a predetermined level.温度一达到预设的度数，警报就会响起来。 OPP random ⇨ random ■ prearranged /ˌpriːəˈreɪndʒd/ / (rather formal) planned or arranged in advance, especially between two or more people （尤指两个或多个人之间）预先安排的，约定的，预定的◆He gave the prearranged signal to attack.他发出了事先约定的袭击信号。 deep-seated adjective deep-seated ♦︎ deep-rooted ♦︎ entrenched ♦︎ rigid ♦︎ set ♦︎ ingrained ♦︎ inflexible ♦︎ fixedThese words all describe an idea or behaviour that is difficult to change. 这些词均形容观点根深蒂固的、行为不易改变的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆deep-seated / deep-rooted / entrenched / ingrained prejudices◆deep-seated / entrenched / rigid / ingrained / fixed beliefs◆deep-seated / entrenched / ingrained / inflexible attitudes◆entrenched / rigid / ingrained / fixed habits◆deep-seated / deep-rooted / entrenched problems◆a deep-seated / deep-rooted fear / hatred (of sb / sth)◆entrenched / rigid / set / fixed views / ideas◆deeply / firmly entrenched / set / ingrained■ ˌdeep-ˈseated [usually before noun](of feelings, beliefs and problems) very fixed and strong; difficult to change, destroy or solve （感情、信念和问题）根深蒂固的，强烈的，坚定的◆Jealousy usually stems from a deep-seated fear of being rejected.忌妒源自一种根深蒂固的害怕受到排斥的心理。◆She had a deep-seated desire to be different from everybody else.她强烈希望自己能够与众不同。■ ˌdeep-ˈrooted [usually before noun] deep-seated （感情、信念和问题）根深蒂固的，强烈的，坚定的◆Discrimination is a deep-rooted problem in our society.歧视在我们这个社会是个根深蒂固的问题。◆The country's political divisions are deep-rooted.这个国家的政治分歧根深蒂固。NOTE 辨析 Deep-seated or deep-rooted?These words are very close in meaning and range. Deep-seated is often used to describe negative feelings or beliefs that may be difficult to examine because they are held so deeply. 这两个词的含义和使用范围非常接近。deep-seated常形容因植根于内心深处而不易察觉的负面情绪或信念◆They have a deep-seated hatred of the modern world.他们对当今世界怀有强烈的仇恨。 Deep-rooted is slightly more positive and is often used for describing principles or practices that have become established in some way over time. * deep-rooted含义稍微正面一些，常形容长期以来形成的既定原则或做法◆The custom of sending a greeting in a card had become a deep-rooted tradition.寄贺卡的习俗已成为一种根深蒂固的传统。 ■ entrenched / /ɪnˈtrentʃt/ / (of attitudes or habits) established very firmly so that they are very difficult to change （态度或习惯）顽固的，固有的◆The challenge of combating and changing deeply entrenched attitudes is enormous.对抗和改变顽固的态度，这可是巨大的挑战。■ rigid / /ˈrɪdʒɪd/ / (disapproving) (of attitudes or habits) that sb is not willing to change, especially when this is unreasonable （态度或习惯）固执的，僵化的，一成不变的◆Her rigid ideas and stern manner had frightened the children.她那固执的想法和严厉的态度把孩子们吓坏了。■ set (of attitudes or habits) not likely to change （态度或习惯）顽固的，固定的◆He had very set ideas of what he wanted.他对于想要的东西非常固执。◆As people get older, they get set in their ways.随着年龄的增长，人会变得积习成性。■ ingrained / /ɪnˈgreɪnd/ / (of attitudes or habits) that sb has had for a long time and that are therefore difficult to change （态度或习惯）根深蒂固的，日久难改的◆I have reached that age where I have started to question some of my ingrained prejudices.我已经到了开始会反省自己根深蒂固的成见的年龄。◆The belief that we should do our duty is deeply ingrained in most of us.尽职尽责的观念深深积淀于我们大多数人心中。NOTE 辨析 Entrenched or ingrained? Entrenched is used more to talk about the attitudes of a society or whole class of people; ingrained is used more to talk about the attitudes or habits of an individual person. * entrenched多形容一个社会或整个阶层的态度，ingrained多形容个人的心态或习惯。■ inflexible / /ɪnˈfleksəbl/ / (disapproving) (of attitudes or systems) that cannot be changed or made more suitable for a particular situation （态度或体制）顽固的，死板的，僵化的◆The government has shown an increasingly inflexible attitude to dealing with the problem.政府对这个问题的处理态度越来越死硬。◆The rules are too inflexible to allow for human error.这些规定过于死板，不允许出现人为的失误。 OPP flexible ⇨ flexible 1 ■ fixed (of ideas and wishes) held very firmly; not easily changed （想法或愿望）执著的，不易改变的◆My parents had fixed ideas about what I should become.父母对我应该成为怎样的人已有定见。 ready adjective ready ♦︎ prepared ♦︎ set ♦︎ be waitingThese words all describe sb/sth that is able and available to do, receive or be used for sth. 这些词均表示准备好、可利用。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆ready / prepared / set / be waiting for sb / sth◆ready / prepared / set / be waiting to do sth◆fully ready / prepared / set◆perfectly ready / prepared■ ready [not before noun](of a person) able and available to do or receive sth; (of a thing) completed and available to be used （人）准备好；（东西）准备妥当，可利用◆Are you nearly ready?你快准备好了吗？◆I'm just getting the kids ready for school.我正把孩子们料理好，准备去上学。◆Right, we're ready to go.对，我们准备好了，可以走了。◆Come on, dinner's ready!快过来，开饭了！◆The new building should be ready for 2012.这栋新大楼2012年应该能完工。■ prepared ready to deal with sth successfully; done or made in advance 准备好；有所准备；事先做好的◆I was not prepared for all the problems it caused.我对这事引起的诸多麻烦毫无准备。◆The police officer read out a prepared statement.那名警察宣读了一份事先写好的声明。 see also prepare ⇨ prepare 1 2 ■ set [not before noun] (always followed by for or to + infinitive 总是后接for或带to的不定式) likely to do sth; ready for sth or to do sth 有可能；做好准备◆The team looks set for victory.看来这个队能赢。◆Interest rates look set to rise again.看样子利率又要提高了。■ be waiting phrase (of a thing) to be ready for sb to have or use （东西）准备妥，可得到，可使用◆There's a letter waiting for you at home.家里有你的一封信。◆The hotel had a taxi waiting to collect us.旅馆召了辆出租车等着接我们。 allocate verb allocate ♦︎ set ♦︎ assign ♦︎ allotThese words all mean to give sth officially to sb/sth for a particular purpose. 这些词均表示分配、划拨。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to allocate / set / assign / allot sth for sth◆to allocate / assign / allot sth to sb◆to allocate / assign / allot (a) room / space / seats / resources / time / day / task◆to allocate / assign a duty / responsibility◆to allocate / allot money / funds◆to allocate / set / assign work◆to set / assign homework◆to allocate / assign sth randomly■ allocate / /ˈæləkeɪt/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to give sb part of sth (such as an amount of time, space or money), as a share of what is available; to decide that sth should be used for a particular purpose 分配，划拨（时间、空间或款项）◆They intend to allocate more places to mature students this year.他们打算今年给成人学生提供更多的名额。◆The project is being allocated more resources.正在调拨更多的资源给这个项目。 see also allocation ⇨ share noun ■ set (setting, set, set) [transitive] to give sb a task or test 分配，指派（任务）；出（测试）题目◆She's set herself a difficult task.她给自己安排了一项艰巨的任务。◆Who will be setting (= writing the questions for) the French exam?谁出法语试题？■ assign / /əˈsaɪn/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to give sb sth that they can use, or a task or responsibility 分配（某物）；分派（任务或职责）◆We have been assigned the two large classrooms.我们分得了这两间大教室。◆The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children.老师给每个孩子布置了不同的作业。■ allot /əˈlɒt; NAmE əˈlɑːt/ (-tt-) [transitive]to allocate sth 分配；划拨◆I managed to complete the test within the time allotted.我设法在限定的时间内完成了测试。◆How much money has been allotted to us?我们分到了多少拨款？NOTE 辨析 Allocate or allot? Allocate is used far more than allot in business-related contexts. Companies and managers allocate money, funds, resources, time or a percentage of the budget to projects; space, classrooms, tasks and seats are allotted to people in more general, everyday situations. 在商务语境中，allocate的使用远远多于allot。公司或经理等调配money、fund、resource、time或预算额度(a percentage of the budget)时用allocate，在一般日常语境下调配space、classroom、task和seat时用allot。 put1 verb Put the cases down there. 把箱子放那儿吧。put sth into perspective 正确地看待某事put ♦︎ place ♦︎ lay ♦︎ set ♦︎ position ♦︎ stuff ♦︎ pop ♦︎ dump ♦︎ stick ♦︎ settle ♦︎ plantThese words all mean to move sth into a particular place or position. 这些词均表示放、安置。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to put / place / lay / set / position / pop / dump / stick sth on sth◆to put / place / set / stuff / pop / dump / stick sth in / into sth◆to put / lay / set sth down◆to put / place / lay sth carefully■ put (putting, put, put) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to move sth into a particular place or position 放；安置◆Put the cases down there, please.请把箱子放那儿吧。◆Put that knife down (= stop holding it) before you hurt somebody!把刀放下，别伤着人！◆Put your hand up if you need more paper.如果还要纸，请举手。◆Did you put sugar in my coffee?你在我的咖啡里放糖了没有？■ place [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to put sth in a particular place, especially when you do it carefully or deliberately （尤指小心或有意地）放置，安放◆He placed his hand on her shoulder.他把手搭在她的肩上。◆A bomb had been placed under the seat.座位下面放了一枚炸弹。■ lay (laid, laid) [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to put sb/sth in a particular position, especially when you do it gently or carefully （尤指轻轻地或小心地）放置，安放，搁◆She laid the baby down gently on the bed.她把婴儿轻轻地放在床上。◆He laid a hand on my arm.他把手搭在我的胳膊上。◆Relatives laid wreaths on the grave.死者亲属在墓前献了花圈。NOTE 辨析 Place or lay?In many cases you can use either word. However, place is usually more deliberate, and lay is usually more gentle. You place things but not people; you can lay things or people. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但是place通常指特意把东西放在某处，lay通常指轻轻地放置。place的宾语是物，不能是人。lay的宾语可以是物，也可以是人◆A bomb had been laid under the seat. ◆She placed the baby on the bed. ■ set (setting, set, set) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to put sb/sth in a particular place or position, especially sth that you have carried from somewhere else 放，置（尤指从别处拿来的东西）；使处于◆She set a tray down on the table.她把托盘放在桌子上。◆They ate everything that was set in front of them.他们把放在面前的东西都吃光了。◆When she fell he picked her up and set her on her feet again.他在她跌倒时把她扶起，让她重新站稳。■ position [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to put sb/sth in a particular place, especially in order to be ready for sb/sth 安装，安置，使处于（尤指就绪）◆Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium.体育场的两端安置了大型电视屏幕。◆She quickly positioned herself behind the desk.她迅速在桌子后面就位。 see also position ⇨ place noun 1 , position ⇨ position noun ■ stuff [transitive] (always used with an adverb or a preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to push sth quickly and carelessly into a small space 胡乱把⋯塞进（或填进）◆She stuffed the money under the pillow.她把钱塞到枕头下。◆His hands were stuffed in his pockets.他双手插在口袋里。■ pop (-pp-) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (especially BrE, informal) to put sth somewhere quickly, suddenly or for a short time （迅速、突然或暂时地）放置◆He popped his head around the door and said hello.他从门后探了下头，打了个招呼。◆I'll pop the books in (= deliver them) on my way home.我在回家时顺便把书送去吧。■ dump [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to put sth down in a careless or untidy way, especially on the floor or a surface such as a table （尤指往地上或桌上等）随便堆放，乱放◆Just dump your stuff over there－we'll sort it out later.就把你的东西堆在那儿吧，我们以后再整理。■ stick (stuck, stuck) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (informal) to put sth in a place, especially quickly or carelessly （尤指迅速或随手）放置◆Stick your bags down there.把你的包搁到那儿吧。◆Can you stick this on the noticeboard?你能不能把这个贴到布告板上？■ settle [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to put sth carefully in a position so that it does not move 把⋯放好；安放◆She settled the blanket around her knees.她用毯子裹住膝盖。■ plant [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to place sth or yourself firmly in a particular place or position 立稳；竖立；安放◆They planted a flag on the summit.他们在山顶上插了一面旗子。◆He planted himself squarely in front of us.他稳稳地站在我们的正前方。 put2 verb Put the cases down there. 把箱子放那儿吧。put sth into perspective 正确地看待某事put ♦︎ set ♦︎ placeThese words all mean to cause sb/sth to be in a particular state or condition. 这些词均表示使处于某种状态或情况。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to put / place sb in charge / in sb's care / under command / under arrest◆to put / set sb / sth at ease / in motion■ put (putting, put, put) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to bring sb/sth into the state or condition mentioned 使处于（某状态或情况）◆The incident put her in a bad mood.这件事弄得她心情很不好。◆Put yourself in my position. What would you have done?你设身处地为我想想，你会怎么办？◆I tried to put the matter into perspective.我尽量正确地看待这件事。◆Don't go putting yourself at risk.不要让自己去冒险。■ set (setting, set, set) [transitive] to cause sb/sth to be in a particular state; to start sth happening 使处于某种状态；使开始◆Her manner immediately set everyone at ease.她的态度立即让大家感到轻松了。◆The new leader has set the party on the road to success.这位新的领导人让该党走上了成功之路。◆The hijackers set the hostages free.劫机者释放了人质。◆Her remarks set me thinking.她的话让我深思。■ place [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (rather formal) to put sb/yourself in a particular situation 使（人）处于某种状况；安置，安顿（人或自己）◆She was placed in the care of an uncle.她由一位叔父照顾。◆His resignation placed us in a difficult position.他的辞职使我们处境艰难。◆The job places great demands on me.这项工作对我的要求很高。◆He has placed himself above party politics.他把自己置于党派政治之上。 schedule verb schedule ♦︎ set ♦︎ fix ♦︎ time ♦︎ line sb/sth up ♦︎ set sth up ♦︎ timetable ♦︎ bookThese words all mean to arrange a particular time for sth to happen or for sb to do sth. 这些词均表示安排日程、定时间。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to schedule / set / fix / time / line up / set up / timetable / book sth for sth◆to schedule / set / fix / time / line up / set up / timetable / book sb / sth to do sth◆to schedule / set / time sth to begin / start / take place◆to schedule / set / fix / time / set up / timetable a meeting◆to schedule / fix / set up / book an appointment◆to schedule / set up / timetable an event◆to schedule / set / fix / book a time / date / day◆to provisionally schedule / set / fix / book sth■ schedule / /ˈʃedjuːl; NAmE ˈskedʒuːl/ [transitive, usually passive] to arrange for sth to happen at a particular time 为⋯安排时间；预定◆The meeting is scheduled for Friday afternoon.会议安排在周五下午。◆Filming is scheduled to begin in May.拍摄定于5月开始。◆The movie is scheduled for release next month.该影片定于下月上映。◆I'll try to schedule you in (= arrange a time to see you) next week.我会设法安排下周与你见面。ⓘ Especially in American English, to schedule is also to arrange the times when classes take place in school. 尤其在美式英语中，schedule也可指为学校课程安排时间◆No regular classes were scheduled on Wednesdays.星期三没有安排固定的课程。In British English the usual word for this is timetable. 英式英语中表达此义通常用timetable。 ■ set (setting, set, set) [transitive] to arrange a time for sth to happen; to decide on a date or limit 安排（时间）；确定，决定（日期或期限）◆The first students are set to arrive in September.第一批学生定于9月入学。◆Have they set a date for their wedding?他们确定婚期了吗？◆Set a time limit for your studying each night.定好你每晚学习的时限。■ fix [transitive] to decide on a date or time for sth 决定，确定（日期或时间）◆Their departure was fixed for 14 August.他们定于8月14日起程。◆The dates have to be fixed well in advance.日期必须及早确定。ⓘ Fix can also mean to arrange to do sth, especially at a particular time; this meaning is more informal, used especially in spoken English. * fix也可表示安排做某事，尤指在特定的时间。此义项不太正式，尤用于口语中◆How are you fixed (= do you have any plans) for Thursday?星期四你有什么安排吗？◆I've fixed up for you to see the doctor tomorrow.我已安排好你明天去看医生。 ■ time [transitive, often passive] to choose a particular time to do sth or for sth to happen 为⋯选定时间；为⋯安排时间◆She timed her arrival for shortly after 3.她定在3点刚过时到达。◆Publication of the book was timed to coincide with his 70th birthday celebrations.那本书特别安排在他70寿诞庆典时出版。◆The request was badly timed (= it was not a good time to make it).那个要求提出的时机不对。■ ˌline sb/sth ˈup phrasal verb to arrange for sth to happen or be done in the future; to arrange for sb to be available to do sth 组织，安排（活动）；邀集（人做某事）◆I already had a job lined up when I left college.我大学毕业时工作已经安排好了。◆I have a busy month lined up.我这个月有很多事要做。◆She had lined up some interesting guest speakers.她邀请到了一些有趣的嘉宾演讲者。■ ˌset sth ˈup phrasal verb (setting, set, set)to make the necessary arrangements for sth to happen 安排；策划◆The meeting of foreign ministers had taken months to set up.外交部长会议的安排花了几个月时间。■ timetable /ˈtaɪmteɪbl/ / [transitive, usually passive] (especially BrE) to arrange for sth to take place at a particular time or to be regularly repeated at the same time 为⋯安排时间◆There were several timetabled events in the evenings.晚上有几项事先安排好的活动。◆The lessons were timetabled on Wednesday from 10 to 12.这些课已排在周三10点到12点。ⓘ In American English the usual word for this is schedule. 在美式英语中，表达此义通常用schedule。■ book [transitive] to make a firm arrangement for a singer, etc. to perform on a particular date 和（歌手等）预约演出日期◆Have you booked the band for the party yet?你为这次聚会预约那支乐队了吗？◆He's booked to appear on 3 November at Central Hall.已约定他11月3日来中央大厅演出。 see also book ⇨ order verb 2 class3 noun Which classes are you taking? 你在上什么课？work hard in class 在课堂上用功学习the youngest in the class 班上年龄最小的人all classes of society 社会各阶层class ♦︎ grade ♦︎ year ♦︎ stream ♦︎ track ♦︎ setThese are all words for groups in which students are taught together. 这些词均表示班级、年级、小组。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in a class / grade / year / stream / set■ class [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of students who are taught together 班；班级◆We were in the same class at school.我们上学时同班。◆He finished top of the class (= got better results than all the others).他在班上名列前茅。◆The whole class was told to stay behind after school.全班被告知放学后留下。◆ (especially NAmE) the class of 2008 (= a group of students who finished their studies at school or college in 2008) 2008届毕业生◆ (NAmE) the freshman / sophomore / junior / senior class大学或高中一年级／二年级／三年级／四年级■ grade [countable](in the US school system) one of the levels in a school with children of similar age （美国学制）年级◆He is in (the) second grade.他读二年级。▸ grader noun [countable] ◆The play is open to all seventh and eighth graders.所有七、八年级学生均可观看此剧。■ year [countable] (especially BrE) (at a school or university) a level that you stay in for one year; a student at a particular level 年级；某年级的学生◆We didn't start Latin until year nine.我们直到九年级才开始学习拉丁语。◆The language students go abroad in their third year.学习语言的学生在第三年到国外去。◆The project is the work of a group of year-seven pupils.这个专题研究是一群七年级学生的努力成果。◆First and second years usually live in college.一二年级学生通常住在学院里。■ stream [countable] (especially BrE) a group in which students of the same age and level of ability are placed in some schools （将同龄学生按能力编在一起的）班，组◆He was put into the top stream.他分在快班。▸ stream verb [transitive, usually passive] ◆ (especially BrE) Pupils are streamed for English and Maths.学生上英语课和数学课时按能力分成小组。■ track [countable] (NAmE) a group in which students of the same age and level or ability, or studying the same group of subjects, are placed in some schools and colleges （将学生按年龄、水平、能力或修读科目分编的）班，组◆Students pursue one of three tracks: professional writing, film / television / video or new media.学生竞相参加以下三个班中的其中一个：专业写作、影视与录像，以及新媒体。▸ track verb [intransitive, transitive, usually passive] ◆a comparison of schools that track and don't track in math数学课分班与不分班的学校的对比■ set [countable] (BrE) a group of school students of the same age and similar ability in a particular subject who are taught together in that subject although they are normally taught in a different group （一同修学某一科目、但分属不同班级的）一批学生◆She is in the top set for French.她的法语成绩名列前茅。 group1 noun a group of people/houses 一群人；一片房子a peer/support/drama group 同龄群体；互助／戏剧小组a newspaper/an investment group 报业／投资集团group ♦︎ set ♦︎ cluster ♦︎ collection ♦︎ bunch ♦︎ clumpThese are all words for a number of things or people that are together in the same place. 这些词均表示组、群、簇、批。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a group / set / cluster / collection / bunch / clump of sth◆in a group / set / cluster / bunch / clump◆as a group / set◆a large / small / little group / set / cluster / collection / bunch / clump◆a big group / set / bunch / clump◆to form a group / set / cluster / clump◆to divide sth into groups / sets / clusters■ group [countable + singular or plural verb] a number of people or things of the same type that are together in the same place 组；群；批◆On the hillside was a little group of houses.山坡上有一小片房子。◆A group of us are going to the theatre this evening.我们一帮人今晚要去剧院看戏。◆Students were sitting around in groups on the grass.学生成群地围坐在草地上。◆Classes will involve both individual and group activities.课堂上会有个人和小组活动。■ set [countable] a group of similar things that belong together in some way 一套，一副，一组（相似的东西）◆a set of six matching chairs.六把成套的椅子◆She had a complete set of the author's novels.她有这个作者的整套小说。◆You can borrow my keys－I have a spare set.你可以借用我的钥匙－我还有一套备用的。■ cluster [countable] a group of things of the same type that grow or appear close together; a group of people, animals or things that are close together （同类物丛生或聚集的）簇，束，串；（人或动物的）群，团，组◆The plants have clusters of white flowers in early June.这些植物在6月初会成簇地开白色的花。◆The telescope is focused on a dense cluster of stars at the edge of the galaxy.那架望远镜聚焦在银河系边缘一个密集的星群。◆A woman had emerged from the cluster of buildings.一个女人从建筑群中走了出来。 see also cluster ⇨ crowd verb ■ collection [countable] a group of objects or people that are close together, especially objects or people of different types （尤指不同类型的）一批物品，一群人◆There was a collection of books and shoes on the floor.地板上是成堆的书和鞋。◆They appeared to be a motley collection (= a rather strange group of people) of college students.他们这群大学生看上去千奇百怪。■ bunch [countable] a number of things of the same type that are growing or fastened together 串；束；扎◆a bunch of keys一串钥匙◆a bunch of flowers / grapes / bananas一束鲜花；一串葡萄；一把香蕉ⓘ In this meaning bunch is used about keys, grapes, bananas and different types of flowers and herbs. 表达此义时，bunch与keys、grapes、bananas、flowers和herbs搭配。■ clump [countable] a small group of things or people very close together, especially trees or plants; a bunch of sth such as grass or hair （尤指草木的）丛，簇；（人的）群，组；（毛发的）缕，束◆They planted trees in clumps around the park.他们在公园周边种了一丛丛的树。◆He tore out a clump of her hair.他扯下了她的一缕头发。 group2 noun a group of people/houses 一群人；一片房子a peer/support/drama group 同龄群体；互助／戏剧小组a newspaper/an investment group 报业／投资集团 ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ party 3 and ⇨ team 1 另见party条第3义和team条第1义group ♦︎ circle ♦︎ bunch ♦︎ crowd ♦︎ gang ♦︎ set ♦︎ cliqueThese are all words for a number of people who have sth in common and often spend time together. 这些词均表示群体、小组、圈子。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a group / circle / bunch / crowd / gang / clique of sth◆a group / circle / bunch / crowd / gang / set of friends◆in a group / circle / set / clique◆a small group / circle / clique◆a mixed / motley group / bunch / crowd◆a social group / circle / set / clique◆to belong to a group / set / clique◆to join a group / circle / set◆part of a group / circle / crowd / gang / clique◆a member of a group / circle / clique■ group [countable + singular or plural verb] a number of people who are connected in some way, for example because they share interests, problems or experiences, or because they spend time together 群体，团体（兴趣、问题或经历相似，或经常聚在一起）◆She worked with groups of college students who had literacy problems.她的工作与几组有读写障碍的大学生有关。◆The college has a small but active women's group.那所学院有一个规模不大却很活跃的妇女团体。◆People in the younger age groups tended to vote less.低龄组的人往往较少去投票。◆Members of some ethnic groups say that the law is discriminatory.一些族群的成员认为该法律存在歧视。◆Minority groups are entitled to equal protection under the law.少数群体有权受到法律的同等保护。■ circle [countable] a group of people who are connected because they have the same interests or jobs, or they spend time together socially 圈子，阶层，界（爱好或工作相同，或经常交际往来）◆He has a wide circle of friends.他交游广阔。◆Talk of religion was forbidden in the family circle.在这个家庭范围内是禁止谈论宗教的。◆He maintained influence in the inner circle of the president's political advisers.他在总统政治顾问的核心集团中保持着影响力。◆Her ideas have caused controversy in scientific circles in recent years.近年来，她的观点在科学界引起了争论。◆My brother and I move in completely different circles (= we have very different friends).我和我哥的朋友圈子完全不同。■ bunch [singular] (informal) a group of people, especially people who are friends or have the same interests or job 群体，帮，伙（尤指是朋友或有相同爱好或职业）◆The people that I work with are a great bunch.和我共事的那伙人很不错。◆He's been hanging out with a bunch of yobs and hooligans.他一直和一帮狐朋狗友鬼混。■ crowd [countable + singular or plural verb] (informal) a group of people, especially people who are friends or have the same interests or job 群体，帮，伙（尤指是朋友或有相同爱好或职业）◆Do you ever see any of the old crowd (= people who used to be friends) from college?你见过大学里的老朋友吗？◆Bob introduced him to some of the usual crowd (= people who often meet each other).鲍勃把他介绍给常见面的几个朋友。◆He got in with the wrong crowd (= people you disapprove of).他和那帮不好的人混在一起。NOTE 辨析 Bunch or crowd?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆They are a great bunch / crowd of people to work with.和我共事的那伙人很不错。◆They were a bit of a motley bunch / crowd (= a strange mix of types of people).他们这群人好像三教九流的都有。However, crowd can suggest a larger group of people, and/or one that is slightly less united: you might talk about one/some of the usual crowd but not ◆one/some of the usual bunch A bunch is more likely to be seen as a whole, single unit. 不过，crowd表示一大帮人，其团结程度可能稍差。可以说one/some of the usual crowd，但不说one/some of the usual bunch。bunch更可能被视为一个完整的、单一的群体。 ■ gang [countable + singular or plural verb] (informal) a group of friends who meet regularly 一伙（经常聚在一起的朋友）◆There was a whole gang of us who went out together at weekends.过去我们老是一伙人在周末一起出去。◆Her friends made me feel welcome and treated me like one of the gang.她的朋友们让我感觉很受欢迎，把我当成自己人。■ set [countable + singular or plural verb] (sometimes disapproving) a group of people who have the same interests and spend a lot of time together socially 阶层，圈子（爱好相同且经常交际来往）◆It's a favourite meeting place for Berlin's smart set (= rich, fashionable people).那是柏林上层社会最喜欢的聚会场所。◆Several members of Dublin's literary set turned up for her funeral.都柏林文学圈子的几个成员出席了她的葬礼。ⓘ A set is often a group of people who are rich or educated. It is often connected with ideas about social class and is sometimes disapproving because the group is seen as privileged and separate from ordinary people. * set常指富有或有教养的一群人，常带有阶层分野的意味，有时为贬义，因这些群体被视为享有特权并与普通人格格不入。■ clique / /kliːk/ / [countable + singular or plural verb] (often disapproving) a small group of people who have the same interests and spend time together, but do not like to include others 派系；小集团；小圈子◆The club is dominated by a small clique of intellectuals.这个俱乐部由一小群知识分子把持。 round noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ stage 1 另见stage条第1义round ♦︎ leg ♦︎ lap ♦︎ hole ♦︎ game ♦︎ set ♦︎ heat ♦︎ innings ♦︎ inning ♦︎ half ♦︎ quarterThese are all words for a stage or section of a sports competition, match or race. 这些词均表示体育比赛的阶段、局、场。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in a round / a leg / a game / a set / a heat / an innings / an inning / a half / a quarter◆the first / second, etc. round / leg / lap / hole / game / set / heat / innings / inning / half / quarter◆the opening round / leg / lap / hole / game / set / heat / half / quarter◆the final round / leg / lap / hole / game / set / heat / quarter◆to play a hole / a game / an innings / a set / a half / a quarter◆to win a round / leg / hole / game / set / heat■ round [countable] a stage in a sports competition; a part of a boxing or wrestling match 比赛阶段；局；场；（拳击或摔跤比赛的）回合◆Norwich City are through to the third round of the FA Cup.诺里奇市打进了足总杯第三轮比赛。◆The fight only lasted five rounds.比赛只持续了五个回合。■ leg [countable] one part of a race; one of a series of games played between the same opponents in a sports competition 一段赛程；（与同一对手进行的比赛的）一场，一局，一回合◆The Spanish team won the third leg.西班牙队在第三回合领先。◆I really believe we can turn around that 4-2 first leg deficit and win this game.我绝对相信我们能扭转第一局2:4的落后局面，赢得这场比赛。■ lap [countable] one journey around a track during a race （跑道的）一圈◆The 800m is two laps of the track.800米要绕跑道两圈。◆He was overtaken on the final lap.他在最后一圈被超过。■ hole [countable](in golf) a hollow in the ground that you must get the ball into; one of the sections of a golf course with the tee at the beginning and the hole at the end （高尔夫球）球洞，球座到球洞的区域◆The ball rolled into the hole and she had won.球滚进了洞，她赢了。◆an eighteen-hole golf course十八洞高尔夫球场◆She won by one hole.她领先一洞赢得比赛。■ game [countable] a section of a match in sports such as tennis, which forms a unit in scoring （网球等比赛的）一局，一场◆He's levelled the second set at two games all.他第二盘把比分扳成2:2平。■ set [countable] one section of a match in sports such as tennis or volleyball, which consists of a number of games or points （网球、排球等比赛的）盘，局◆He's 3-1 up in the third set.他第三盘以3:1领先。◆The final went to five sets.决赛打了五局。◆She won in straight sets (= without losing a set).她一盘未失拿下比赛。■ heat [countable] one of a series of races or competitions, the winners of which compete against each other in the next part of the competition 预赛；分组赛◆She won her heat.她在预赛中获胜。◆He did well in the heats; hopefully he'll do as well in the final.他在预赛中成绩很好，希望他在决赛中也有出色表现。NOTE 辨析 Round or heat? Round is a more general word to describe a stage of a competition. In some sports, a long competition over a whole year can be divided into events or races which are called rounds. 表示比赛阶段时round含义更宽泛。在某些运动中，历时一整年的长期比赛可以分为数个项目或赛事，称为round◆the third round of the championship in Japan日本锦标赛的第三轮A stage of a competition in which the winners in each part compete against each other in the next part of the competition, until only two teams or players are left in the final, can be called a round or a heat. Heat is used especially to describe a race between individuals, such as in running or swimming. 决赛前的每轮淘汰赛称为round或heat。heat尤指个人之间的速度比赛，如跑步或游泳。 ■ innings [countable](in cricket) a section of a match during which a team or individual player is batting (= hitting the ball) （板球）局，回合◆Bangladesh are 90 for 5 in their second innings.孟加拉队在其第二局将比分打成90:5。■ inning [countable](in baseball) one of nine sections of a game in which each team has a turn at batting （棒球）局，回合◆The Chicago Cubs scored two runs in the first inning.芝加哥小熊队在第一局拿下两分。■ half [countable] either of two periods of time into which a sports game is divided （比赛的）半场，半局◆No goals were scored in the first half.上半场没有得分。■ quarter [countable] one of the four periods of time into which a game of basketball or American football is divided （篮球或美式足球）一节，一局◆Ford scored the winning touchdown early in the fourth quarter.福特在第四局早早达阵，锁定胜局。 |