| 例句 |
shame noun
⇨ disgrace 2 (bring shame on your family) ⇨ guilt (hang your head in shame) ⇨ unfortunate adj. 2 (What a shame!)shame verb
⇨ embarrassdisgrace2 noun It's a national disgrace. 这是国家的耻辱。bring disgrace on your family 使你的家人蒙羞disgrace ♦︎ disrepute ♦︎ shame ♦︎ dishonour ♦︎ discreditThese are all words for the loss of other people's respect and approval. 这些词均表示丢脸、蒙羞。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in disgrace / disrepute◆to bring disgrace / shame / dishonour / discredit on sb / sth◆to fall into disgrace / disrepute◆There is no disgrace / shame / dishonour in sth.■ disgrace / /dɪsˈgreɪs/ / [uncountable] the loss of other people's respect caused by doing sth immoral or unacceptable 丢脸；耻辱；不光彩◆Her behaviour has brought disgrace on her family.她的行为使家人蒙羞。◆The swimmer was sent home from the Olympics in disgrace.这名游泳运动员很不光彩地从奥运会上被遣送回国。◆Sam was in disgrace with his parents.萨姆已失宠于他的父母。 see also disgraceful ⇨ outrageous ▸ disgrace verb [transitive] ◆I disgraced myself by drinking far too much.我饮酒过量出了洋相。◆He had disgraced the family name.他玷污了家族的名声。■ disrepute / /ˌdɪsrɪˈpjuːt/ / [uncountable] (rather formal, especially written) the loss of public respect for an activity or idea （活动或理念的）声誉损毁，坏名声◆The players' behaviour on the field is likely to bring the game into disrepute.这些球员在赛场上的表现很可能使这场比赛臭名远扬。ⓘ People can bring an activity into disrepute, especially a game such as football, by their bad behaviour, for example by cheating or fighting. A theory, system or law can be in disrepute or fall into disrepute, if it is no longer thought to be true or useful. * bring sth into disrepute尤指足球等比赛因球员的恶劣表现，如作弊或打架，而蒙上坏名声。in disrepute或fall into disrepute则指某种理论、体制或法律的真实性或功用不再被信服。■ shame [uncountable] public disgrace 不名誉；耻辱；丢脸◆There is no shame in wanting to be successful.追求成功不是什么丢脸的事。◆ (formal) She felt that her failure would bring shame on her family.她觉得自己的失败会使家人蒙羞。 see also shame ⇨ embarrass verb , shameful ⇨ outrageous ■ dishonour (BrE) (NAmE dishonor) / /dɪsˈɒnə(r); NAmE dɪsˈɑːnər/ [uncountable] (formal) public disgrace 不名誉；耻辱；丢脸◆Her actions have brought shame and dishonour on the profession.她的行为败坏了这个行业的声誉。◆There is no dishonour in such a defeat.这样的失败并不丢脸。 OPP honour ⇨ integrity , honour ⇨ reputation see also dishonourable ⇨ despicable ▸ dishonour verb (BrE) (NAmE dishonor) [transitive] ◆You have dishonoured the name of the school.你败坏了学校的名声。■ discredit /dɪsˈkredɪt/ / [uncountable] (formal) public disgrace, especially for a group or organization （尤指群体或组织的）不名誉，耻辱，丢脸◆Britain, to its discredit, did not speak out against these atrocities.英国没有公开反对这些残暴行为，使自己名誉扫地。◆My brother's behaviour did great discredit to the family.我弟弟的行为大大败坏了家族的名誉。 see also discredit ⇨ discredit verb NOTE 辨析 Disgrace, shame, dishonour or discredit?In some cases you can use any of these words. 在有些情况下这四个词可以通用◆Her behaviour has brought disgrace / shame / dishonour / discredit on her family.她的行为败坏了家族的名誉。 Disgrace is the most frequent of these words and has the widest range of collocates. 其中disgrace使用频率最高，搭配词也最广泛◆The swimmer was sent home in shame/dishonour/discredit. ◆Sam was in shame/dishonour/discredit with his parents. Disgrace can be a public loss of respect or the loss of respect of people you are close to. Shame, dishonour and discredit are all used to talk about a public loss of respect. Shame and dishonour are both used especially in the phrases bring shame/dishonour on sb/sth and There is no shame/dishonour in (doing) sth. There is no real difference in meaning, but dishonour is more formal. Discredit is used especially to talk about the loss of respect for a family, group, organization or country, caused by the behaviour of its members or representatives; it is used especially in the phrases to sb/sth's discredit and do discredit to sb/sth. * disgrace可指失去公众尊重或遭亲朋好友唾弃，shame、dishonour和discredit都表示失去公众尊重。shame和dishonour尤用于bring shame/dishonour on sb/sth和There is no shame/dishonour in (doing) sth结构，二者在含义上没有实质差别，只是dishonour比较正式。discredit尤指家族、团体、组织或国家因其成员或代表的不良行为而蒙羞，尤用于短语to sb/sth's discredit和do discredit to sb/sth。 guilt noun guilt ♦︎ shame ♦︎ regret ♦︎ remorse ♦︎ repentanceThese are all words for the state of feeling sorry, stupid or sad because of sth that you have done or not done. 这些词均表示内疚、悔恨、羞愧。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆guilt / shame / regret / remorse at sth◆guilt / regret / remorse over sth◆guilt / regret about sth◆regret / remorse / repentance for sth◆to do sth without guilt / shame / regret / remorse / repentance◆deep shame / regret / remorse◆genuine regret / remorse / repentance◆to feel (no) guilt / shame / regret / remorse◆to have no shame / regret / remorse◆to show regret / remorse / repentance◆a pang / stab of guilt / regret / remorse■ guilt [uncountable] the unhappy feelings caused by knowing or thinking that you have done sth wrong 内疚；悔恨◆She had feelings of guilt about leaving her children and going to work.她为自己离开孩子去工作而感到内疚。◆Many survivors were left with a sense of guilt.许多幸存者都有负罪感。 see also guilty ⇨ sorry ■ shame [uncountable] the feelings of guilt, sadness and embarrassment that you have because of sth wrong or stupid that you have done 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧◆His face burned with shame.他的脸因羞愧而发烫。◆She hung her head in shame.她羞愧地低下了头。◆I would die of shame if she ever found out.要是她发现了，我会羞愧死的。◆To my shame (= I feel shame that) I refused to listen to her side of the story.让我感到惭愧的是，我当时拒绝听她对事情的解释。ⓘ In formal language shame can also be the ability to feel shame at sth you have done; this meaning is only used in questions and negative sentences. 在正式用语中，shame还可指羞耻心、羞愧感。此义仅用于疑问句和否定句◆Have you no shame?你就不知道羞耻吗？ OPP pride ⇨ satisfaction see also shame ⇨ embarrass verb , ashamed ⇨ sorry , shameless , unashamed ⇨ cool adj. NOTE 辨析 Guilt or shame?You feel guilt when you have done sth that you believe to be wrong, and it does not matter whether other people know about it or not; you usually only feel shame when other people know that you have done sth wrong or stupid and you feel that you have lost their respect. * guilt指做错事自己感到的内疚，与他人是否知晓无关；shame通常仅指自己做了错事或蠢事被别人知道了而感到的羞愧◆He could not live with the guilt of knowing it was all his fault.他知道这全是自己的错，这种罪恶感让他受不了。◆He could not live with the shame of other people knowing the truth.其他人知道了真相，他羞愧得无地自容。 ■ regret / /rɪˈgret/ / [uncountable, countable] a feeling of being sorry about sth that you have done or not done 懊悔；遗憾；失望◆The police offered no expression of regret at his wrongful arrest.对于错误地逮捕他一事，警方没有表示遗憾。ⓘ You can also use regret when you are sad or disappointed about sth that you have done or not done or chances that you have missed. * regret亦可指对所做或未做之事，或错过机会而感到的遗憾或失望。 see also regret ⇨ grief noun , regret ⇨ apologize verb ■ remorse / /rɪˈmɔːs; NAmE rɪˈmɔːrs/ [uncountable] (rather formal, especially written) the feeling of being extremely sorry because of sth wrong or bad that you have done 懊悔；深深的遗憾；自责◆I felt guilty and full of remorse.我感到内疚，满是懊悔。◆He was filled with remorse for not believing her.他因为没有相信她而自责不已。ⓘ If sb shows no remorse for a crime they have committed, they are likely to receive a stronger punishment in court. * show no remorse指对所犯罪行未表现出懊悔，这或将在法庭上受到更重的处罚。■ repentance /rɪˈpentəns/ / [uncountable] (formal, verb [intransitive, transitive] ◆She had repented of what she had done.她对自己所做的事悔悟了。◆He came to repent his hasty decision.他开始后悔自己的草率决定。 unfortunate2 adjective an unfortunate person 不幸的人an unfortunate situation 令人遗憾的状况unfortunate ♦︎ pity ♦︎ a shame ♦︎ pathetic ♦︎ too bad ♦︎ sad ♦︎ sorry ♦︎ feeble ♦︎ regrettableThese words all describe things that are weak, useless or not successful, or that make you feel disappointed. 这些词均表示不奏效的、可怜的、令人遗憾的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆It's a pity / a shame / too bad about sb / sth.◆unfortunate / a pity / a shame / pathetic / too bad / regrettable that...◆an unfortunate / a pathetic / a sad / a sorry sight / story / state (of affairs)◆an unfortunate / a sad / a sorry affair / business / episode / saga / tale / plight◆rather unfortunate / a pity / a shame / pathetic / feeble / regrettable◆pretty / a bit / a little unfortunate / pathetic / feeble◆very unfortunate / feeble / regrettable◆a great / real / terrible pity / shame◆What a pity / shame.■ unfortunate that you wish had not happened or had happened differently; embarrassing and/or offensive 令人遗憾的；可惜的；令人尴尬的；不适当的◆It was unfortunate that he couldn't speak English.可惜他不会讲英语。◆It was an unfortunate choice of words.那是一种不恰当的措辞。OPP fortunate ⇨ timely ▸ unfortunately adverb ◆Unfortunately I won't be able to attend the meeting.真可惜我不能参加这次会议。■ pity noun ( usually 通常作 a pity) [singular] (especially spoken) used to say that sth is a cause for feeling sad or disappointed 令人惋惜的事；让人遗憾的事◆It's a pity that you can't stay longer.你不能再多停留些时间，真是遗憾。◆'I've lost it!' 'Oh, what a pity.'“我把东西弄丢了！”“哎呀，真可惜。”◆It seems a pity to waste this food.浪费这些食物真可惜。◆Oh, that's a pity.唉，那可真遗憾。◆It would be a great pity if you gave up now.你要是现在放弃，那就太可惜了。■ shame noun ( usually 通常作 a shame) [singular] (rather informal, especially spoken) used to say that sth is a cause for feeling sad or disappointed 令人惋惜的事；让人遗憾的事◆It's such a shame that she wasn't here to see it.真可惜她不能在这儿亲眼看看。◆What a shame they couldn't come.他们不能来了，真是遗憾。◆It would be a crying shame (= a great shame) to let all that talent go to waste.听任那样的天赋浪费掉，该多可惜。NOTE 辨析 Pity or shame?Both pity and shame are more frequent in spoken than written English, but shame is far more frequent in spoken English than pity. * pity和shame用于口语均多于书面语，但shame用于口语较pity多得多。■ pathetic / /pəˈθetɪk/ / (informal, disapproving) (of a person or their attempt to do sth) weak, useless or not successful, often in a way that makes other people not respect them （人或其做某事的尝试）无力的，无效的，不成功的（常导致他人瞧不起）◆That was an absolutely pathetic excuse.那是个极其牵强的借口。◆I know it sounds pathetic, but I can't ride a bike.我知道这听上去显得我很不济，但我真不会骑自行车。◆You're pathetic!你真窝囊！▸ pathetically adverb ◆His attempt to fool the guard was pathetically unconvincing.他企图欺骗门卫，但毫不足信。■ too bad idiom (informal, spoken) a shame; a pity 遗憾；可惜◆Too bad every day can't be as good as this.真可惜不是每一天都像今天这么好。ⓘ Too bad is often used ironically to say 'bad luck' or 'it's a shame' when you do not really mean it. * too bad常用作反语，等于说bad luck或It's a shame，实际上并无同情之意◆ (ironic) If sometimes they're the wrong decisions, too bad.如果碰巧这些决定是错误的，那可就太不幸了。 ■ sad [only before noun] (often disapproving) deserving or inviting criticism; making you feel pity 该受批评的；招致责难的；令人遗憾的◆This sad state of affairs does not have to continue.这种糟糕的局面不必继续下去。◆It's a sad fact that many of those killed were children.让人难以接受的是遇难者中很多是孩子。▸ sadly adverb ◆If you think I'm going to help you again, you're sadly mistaken.你要是以为我还会再帮你，那你就大错特错了。■ sorry [only before noun] making you feel pity or disapproval 悲惨的；破败的；可怜的◆The business is in a sorry state.公司处境堪忧。◆They were a sorry sight when they eventually got off the boat.他们最终从船上下来，一副惨兮兮的样子。NOTE 辨析 Sad or sorry?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆a sad / sorry affair / business / episode / story / tale / saga / plight / sight糟糕的事情／生意／插曲；悲惨的小说／故事；一连串悲惨的事件；苦境；惨象However, sorry is used more often when you feel pity, and sad is used more often when you feel disapproval. Sad, but not sorry, is often used with words which refer to a sign that sth exists in a society or system: truth, reality, fact, comment, example, indictment, reflection and reminder. 不过，sorry较常表示令人感到惋惜的，sad较常表示令人不满的。sad常与反映某事物存在于某一社会或制度的词连用，如truth、reality、fact、comment、example、indictment、reflection和reminder，但sorry不能这样用。 ■ feeble (of a person or their attempt to do sth) weak, useless or not successful （人或其做某事的尝试）无力的，无效的，不成功的◆He told a few feeble jokes.他讲了几个干巴巴的笑话。◆Don't be so feeble! Tell her you don't want to go.别那么软弱！告诉她你不想去。NOTE 辨析 Pathetic or feeble? Pathetic is more informal than feeble and can show stronger disapproval or contempt (= lack of respect). * pathetic较feeble非正式，可表示更强烈的反对或蔑视。■ regrettable (formal) that you are sorry about and wish had not happened 令人惋惜的；可惜的；令人遗憾的◆It is regrettable that the police were not informed sooner.遗憾的是没有早些报警。◆The loss of jobs is highly regrettable.失去工作非常令人遗憾。▸ regrettably adverb ◆Regrettably, crime has been increasing in this area.令人遗憾的是这一地区的犯罪率在不断上升。NOTE 辨析 Unfortunate or regrettable?Both unfortunate and regrettable can be used to describe things that happen and collocates include incident, occurrence, error, consequence and tendency. However, sth that is regrettable is usually considered to have been at least partly within sb's control: the use of regrettable suggests that sb wishes to accept some blame, or blame sb else. Sth that is unfortunate is more often considered to be the result of bad luck. * unfortunate和regrettable均可描述发生之事，搭配词有incident、occurrence、error、consequence和tendency。不过，regrettable所描述之事通常被视为至少部分在某人的控制之内，意味着某人愿意为此受责，或想责怪他人。unfortunate所描述之事较常被视为运气不好所致。 embarrass verb embarrass ♦︎ humiliate ♦︎ shame ♦︎ mortifyThese words all mean to make sb feel awkward or ashamed. 这些词均表示使窘迫、使尴尬。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达使人尴尬的程度| embarrass | ➔ | humiliate | ➔ | mortify | | | shame | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to embarrass / humiliate sb in front of sb◆to be embarrassed / mortified at sth◆to embarrass / humiliate / shame sb by doing sth◆to be embarrassed / humiliated / mortified to do sth◆to embarrass / humiliate / shame yourself◆to publicly / deeply / utterly embarrass / humiliate / shame sb■ embarrass [transitive] to make sb feel shy, awkward or ashamed, especially in a social situation; to cause problems or difficulties for sb （尤指在社交场合）使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难◆Her questions about my private life embarrassed me.她询问我有关私生活方面的问题，令我很难堪。◆It embarrassed her to meet strange men in the corridor at night.夜晚在走廊里邂逅陌生男子让她很尴尬。◆The speech was deliberately designed to embarrass the prime minister.这番话是故意要置首相于尴尬境地。▸ embarrassing adjective ◆an embarrassing mistake / question / situation令人尴尬的错误／问题／处境◆It was so embarrassing having to sing in public.被迫在众人面前唱歌真是太难为情了。▸ embarrassment noun [uncountable, countable] ◆Much to her embarrassment she realized that everybody in the room had heard her.她意识到房间里每个人都听到了，感到很不好意思。◆His resignation will be a severe embarrassment to the party.他的辞职将使该党处于极度的困境。■ humiliate / /hjuːˈmɪlieɪt/ / [transitive] to make sb feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people 羞辱；使丧失尊严◆I didn't want to humiliate her in front of her colleagues.我不想当着她同事的面令她难堪。◆The party was humiliated in the recent elections.该党在最近的选举中输得很难堪。▸ humiliating adjective ◆a humiliating defeat令人羞辱难堪的失败▸ humiliation noun [uncountable, countable] ◆She suffered the humiliation of being criticized in public.她当众受到指责，很没面子。■ shame [transitive] (written or formal) to make sb feel ashamed; to make sb feel that they have lost honour or respect 使羞愧；使惭愧；使蒙受耻辱◆His generosity shamed them all.他的慷慨大方令他们所有人羞愧。◆She shamed her father into promising to help (= persuaded him to do it by making him feel ashamed not to do it).她令她父亲感到过意不去，只好答应帮忙。◆The companies that pollute our rivers should be named and shamed.那些污染了我们河流的公司应该上黑名单，公之于众。 see also shame ⇨ guilt noun , shame ⇨ disgrace noun 2 ▸ shaming adjective ◆a shaming defeat by a less experienced team■ mortify /ˈmɔːtɪfaɪ; NAmE ˈmɔːrtɪfaɪ/ [transitive, usually passive] to make sb feel extremely ashamed or embarrassed 使极度难堪；使无地自容◆She was mortified to realize he had heard every word she said.她意识到自己的每句话都被他听到了，真是羞得无地自容。ⓘ Mortify is sometimes used in an exaggerated way in spoken English, when it means 'slightly embarrassed', not 'extremely embarrassed'. 在英语口语中，mortify有时用于夸张，意为略使尴尬，并非十分尴尬◆I was mortified when I realized I had forgotten our lunch date.当我发现忘记了我们约好那天一起吃午餐这件事时，我挺不好意思的。 ▸ mortification noun [uncountable] ◆Imagine my mortification when I found out.想想看，当发现了实情，我有多难堪。▸ mortifying adjective ◆How mortifying to have to apologize to him!要向他道歉，多难为情啊！ |