| 例句 |
shape noun
⇨ shape (a triangular shape) ⇨ form 1 (change the shape of broadcasting) ⇨ health (stay in shape) ⇨ state (The economy is still in pretty good shape.)shape verb
⇨ shape (shape the dough) ⇨ determine (shape policy) shape noun shape ♦︎ figure ♦︎ form ♦︎ shadow ♦︎ outline ♦︎ profile ♦︎ silhouette ♦︎ line ♦︎ contourThese are all words for the physical form or appearance of sb/sth, especially the shape of the outer edges of sb/sth. 这些词均表示人或物体的体形、外形、轮廓。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in shape / form / outline / profile / silhouette◆a tall shape / figure / form / shadow / silhouette◆a slender shape / figure / form◆a black / dark shape / figure / shadow / outline / profile / silhouette◆a shadowy shape / figure / form / outline◆a ghostly shape / figure / form / shadow◆(a) sleek shape / outline / profile / lines◆(a) sharp outline / lines / contours◆to make out / see a shape / a figure / a form / an outline / a silhouette◆to trace a shape / an outline / the line / the contours■ shape [countable, uncountable] the form of the outer edges or surfaces of sth; an example of sth that has a particular form; a person or thing that is difficult to see clearly 形状；外形；呈某种形状的事物；模糊的影子◆The building has a rectangular shape.这座建筑呈长方形。◆The pool was in the shape of a heart.游泳池呈心形。◆The island was originally circular in shape.这个岛原先为圆形。◆Candles come in all shapes and sizes.蜡烛有各种形状和尺寸。◆You can recognize the fish by the shape of their fins.你可以根据鳍的形状来辨认这种鱼。◆This old T-shirt has completely lost its shape.这件旧T恤衫已经穿得完全走样了。■ figure [countable] the shape of a person seen from a distance or not clearly （远处的人的）轮廓；（隐约可见的）人影◆There before him stood a tall figure in black.站在他面前的是一个穿黑衣的高个子。 see also figure ⇨ body 1 ■ form [countable] the shape of sb/sth; a person or thing of which only the shape can be seen 形状；体形；（模糊的）外形，人影◆Her slender form and graceful movements entranced him.她那苗条的身段和优雅的动作使他着迷。◆The human form has changed little over the last 30 000 years.3万多年以来，人的体形没有多大变化。◆They made out a shadowy form in front of them.他们隐约看见前面有个模糊人影。 see also form ⇨ form noun 1 ■ shadow [countable] a dark shape that sb/sth's form makes on a surface, for example on the ground, when they are between the light and the surface 阴影；影子◆The children were having fun, chasing each other's shadows.孩子们追逐着彼此的影子，玩得很开心。◆The ship's sail cast a shadow on the water.船帆在水面上投下一片影子。◆The shadows lengthened as the sun went down.随着太阳西下，影子越拉越长。 see also shadow ⇨ darkness ■ outline / /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ / [countable] the line that goes around the edge of sth, showing its main shape but not the details 轮廓（线）◆At last we could see the dim outline of an island.我们终于能看到一座小岛朦胧的轮廓了。 see also outline ⇨ summary ■ profile / /ˈprəʊfaɪl; NAmE ˈproʊfaɪl/ [countable] the outline of a person's face when you look from the side, not the front 面部的侧影；侧面轮廓◆He turned his head so his strong profile was facing the camera.他转过头去，于是他那轮廓清晰的侧影就正对着镜头了。◆The portrait shows her in profile.这幅画像展现了她的侧面轮廓。■ silhouette /ˌsɪluˈet/ / [countable, uncountable] the dark outline or shape of a person or object that you see against a light background; the shape of a person's body or an object （浅色背景衬托出的）暗色轮廓；（人的）体形；（物体的）形状◆The trees were black silhouettes against the pale sky.灰色天空映衬出树木的黑色轮廓。◆The mountains stood out in silhouette.群山的轮廓衬托了出来。◆The dress is fitted to give you a flattering silhouette.这件连衣裙的裁剪可以令你显得身段优美。■ line [countable] the edge, outline or shape of sth, especially sth that has been designed or created （尤指设计或创造出的物体的）边线，轮廓线，形体，形状◆With its sleek lines and powerful engine, the XK8 is the definition of a luxury sports car.XK8跑车线条流畅、动力强劲，堪称豪华跑车之典范。◆He traced the line of her jaw with his finger.他用手指抚摸她下巴的外缘。■ contour /ˈkɒntʊə(r); NAmE ˈkɑːntʊr/ [countable] (written) the outer edges of sth; the outline of its shape or form 外形；轮廓◆The road follows the natural contours of the coastline.这条路沿着海岸线的自然轮廓延伸。 form1 noun The disease can take several different forms. 这种疾病会有几种不同的表现形式。an application form 申请表form ♦︎ shape ♦︎ guiseThese are all words for the way in which sth appears or is presented. 这些词均表示形式、外表、样子。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in the form / shape / guise of sb / sth◆to take a form / shape■ form [countable, uncountable] the particular way sth is, seems, looks or is presented 形式；外表；样子◆The disease can take several different forms.这种疾病会有几种不同的表现形式。◆Help in the form of money will be very welcome.出钱资助将很受欢迎。◆Most political questions involve morality in some form or other.多数政治问题牵涉到这样或那样的道义性。◆We need to come to some form of agreement.我们需要达成某种形式的协议。◆This dictionary is also available in electronic form.这部词典也有电子版本的。 see also form ⇨ kind noun , form ⇨ shape noun ■ shape [uncountable] the particular qualities or characteristics of sth 形态；性质；特点◆Will new technology change the shape of broadcasting?新技术会改变广播的方式吗？◆A new song began to take shape in her mind.一首新歌开始在她脑子里成形了。◆Prices vary according to the size and shape of each project.价格随每项工程的规模和特点有所变化。◆ (informal) I don't approve of violence in any way, shape or form.我不赞成任何形式的暴力行为。◆Are solar-powered cars the shape of things to come (= the way things are likely to develop in the future)?太阳能动力汽车是未来发展的方向吗？■ guise / /gaɪz/ / [countable] a way in which sb/sth appears, often in a way that is different from usual or that hides the truth about them/it 表现形式；外表；伪装◆His speech presented racist ideas under the guise of nationalism.他的讲话以民族主义为幌子宣扬种族主义思想。◆The story appears in different guises in different cultures.这个故事以不同的形式出现在不同的文化中。◆She had been invited to the conference in her guise as a professional counsellor.她冒充专业顾问，获邀参加会议。 health noun health ♦︎ condition ♦︎ fitness ♦︎ well-being ♦︎ shape ♦︎ constitutionThese are all words for sb's physical state and whether they are healthy or unhealthy. 这些词均表示人的健康状况。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's general / physical health / condition / fitness / well-being◆sb's personal health / fitness / well-being◆full health / fitness◆sb's health / condition / fitness deteriorates / improves◆to maintain / regain your health / fitness◆to be in good health / shape■ health [uncountable] sb's good or bad physical or mental state; the state of being physically and mentally healthy 人的身体（或精神）状况；健康◆Exhaust fumes are bad for your health.废气对健康有害。◆Smoking can seriously damage your health.吸烟严重危害健康。◆She was forced to resign because of ill health.她因健康欠佳被迫辞职。◆He has been in poor health for some time now.他最近这段时间身体一直不好。◆She has always enjoyed the best of health.她身体一直很棒。◆Her mental health began to deteriorate.她的精神状况开始恶化。◆He was nursed back to health by his wife.他在妻子的照料下恢复了健康。 see also healthy ⇨ well adj. ■ condition [uncountable, singular] (rather formal) the state of sb's body, especially after they have become ill or injured （尤指生病或受伤后的）健康状况◆You are in no condition (= too ill or injured) to go anywhere.你的身体状况太差，不宜去任何地方。◆The cyclist was in a critical condition in hospital last night.那名摩托车手昨晚在医院生命垂危。◆Her condition is said to be stable.据称她的病情已稳定下来。◆She shouldn't be drinking so much in her condition (= because she is pregnant).她怀孕了，不应该喝这么多酒。■ fitness [uncountable] the state of being physically healthy and strong 健壮；健康◆She has a good level of physical fitness.她身体状况非常好。◆a fitness instructor健身教练 see also fit ⇨ well adj. ■ ˈwell-being [uncountable] general health and happiness 健康；安乐◆Being with my family gives me a wonderful sense of well-being.和家人在一起给我一种安适愉快的美妙感觉。■ shape [usually before noun] (always used with in or into 总是与in或into连用) (rather informal) the state of being fit and healthy 健康◆He's in good shape for a man of his age.对于他这个年纪的人来说，他身体很好。◆I need to get myself into shape for the race on Saturday.我得为星期六的长跑比赛开始热身了。◆She always manages to stay in shape.她总能够保持健康。■ constitution /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn; NAmE ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃn/ [uncountable] the ability of sb's body to stay healthy 身体素质；体质；体格◆I have a strong constitution and my stomach can handle anything.我体格强壮，胃口好极了。 state noun state ♦︎ condition ♦︎ shape ♦︎ repairThese are all words for the quality or qualities that sth has at a particular time, for example whether it is good, bad, new, broken, etc. 这些词均表示状态、状况。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in (a) ... state / condition / shape / repair◆(a) good state / condition / shape / (state of) repair◆(a) fine state / condition / shape◆excellent condition / shape / repair◆(a) reasonable condition / shape / (state of) repair◆(a) poor / bad state / condition / shape / (state of) repair◆sth's general state / condition / state of repair◆sth's physical state / condition / shape◆sb's / sth's financial / economic state / condition / shape◆to keep sth in (a) ... state / condition / shape / repair◆to get (sth) into (a) ... state / condition / shape■ state [countable] the quality or qualities that sth has at a particular time, for example whether it is generally good, bad, etc.; the fact of having these qualities 状态；状况；情况◆There are serious concerns about the current state of the economy.人们对当前的经济状况非常担忧。◆His teeth were in an appalling state.他的牙齿情况很糟糕。◆Look at the state of this room (= look how messy, dirty, etc. it is)!看看这房间这副样子！◆The government has declared a state of emergency in the flooded regions.政府已宣布洪水灾区进入紧急状态。 see also state of affairs ⇨ situation ■ condition [uncountable, singular] the state sth is in, especially how good or bad its physical state is 状态；状况◆The car was in perfect condition.那辆汽车车况完好。◆The poor condition of our schools should be of concern to all of us.我们都应该关注我们的学校的糟糕状况。NOTE 辨析 State or condition? State is a more general word and is used especially for the quality sth has at a particular time. You use state when you are saying that sth has not been well looked after or is in a mess. Condition is mainly used to talk about the appearance or working order of sth, often when you are saying how old and worn sth is. * state含义较广，尤指特定时间的状况，用于表示某物缺乏照管或凌乱不堪。condition主要指事物的外表或运转状况，常用于表示破旧。■ shape [uncountable] (rather informal) the condition of sth, especially after sth has happened which you would expect to have an effect on it （尤指遭遇某事后的）状况，情况◆What sort of shape was your car in after the accident?你的汽车出过事故以后状况如何？◆The economy is still in pretty good shape.经济情况仍然相当不错。■ repair [uncountable] the condition of sth, especially when you are talking about whether or not sth has been repaired over a period of time （尤指维修的）情况，状况◆Try to keep your vehicle in good repair.尽量让你的车辆保持良好的状况。◆ (especially BrE) The old clock tower is in a poor state of repair.那座老钟楼已经年久失修。ⓘ In this meaning repair is usually used in the phrases in good repair or in a poor state of repair. * repair表达此义时通常用于短语in good repair或in a poor state of repair中。 see also repair ⇨ repair noun shape verb shape ♦︎ form ♦︎ carve ♦︎ fashion ♦︎ mould ♦︎ sculpt ♦︎ castThese words all mean to make sth into a particular shape or from a particular substance. 这些词均表示使成形、塑造。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to shape / form / carve / fashion / mould / sculpt sth into sth◆to shape / form / carve / fashion / mould / sculpt / cast sth from / out of sth◆to carve / fashion / mould / sculpt / cast sth in sth◆to shape / carve / fashion / sculpt wood◆to shape / fashion / mould / sculpt clay◆to carve / sculpt stone / marble■ shape [transitive] to make sth into a particular shape 使成为⋯形状（或样子）；塑造◆Shape the dough into balls.把和好的面揉成团子。◆This tool is used for shaping wood.这种工具是用来雕刻木料的。■ form [transitive, often passive] to produce a particular shape; to make sth into a particular shape 成形；使成形；组成◆Bend the wire so that it forms a 'V'.把铁丝弯成V形。◆Games can help children learn to form letters.游戏可以帮助儿童学会组合字母。 see also form ⇨ make 1 ■ carve [transitive, intransitive] to make objects or patterns, etc. by cutting away material from wood or stone 雕刻◆The beads were carved from solid ivory.这串珠子是纯象牙雕成的。◆She carves in both stone and wood.她既做石雕也做木雕。■ fashion [transitive] (rather formal, written) to make or shape sth, especially with your hands （尤指用手工）制作，使成形，塑造◆She fashioned a pot from the clay.她用黏土做成一个罐。◆She fashioned the clay into a pot.她用黏土做成一个罐。■ mould (BrE) (NAmE mold) [transitive] to shape a soft substance into a particular form or object by pressing it or putting it into a shaped container (= a mould) （用手或模具）塑造，浇铸◆First, mould the clay into the desired shape.首先，将陶土做成需要的形状。◆The figure had been moulded in clay.这座人像是用黏土置入模具塑造而成的。■ sculpt [transitive, usually passive] to make figures or objects by carving or shaping wood, stone, clay, metal, etc. 雕刻；雕塑◆a display of animals sculpted in ice冰雕动物展◆The figures were sculpted from single blocks of marble.这些雕像都是用整块大理石雕成的。 see also sculptor ⇨ artist ■ cast (cast, cast) [transitive] to shape hot liquid metal or a similar substance by pouring it into a shaped container (= a mould) and letting it cool 浇铸；铸造◆a statue cast in bronze青铜铸像 determine verb determine ♦︎ shape ♦︎ govern ♦︎ dictate ♦︎ form ♦︎ decide ♦︎ ruleThese words all mean to control or to influence the way that sth happens or that sb/sth develops. 这些词均表示支配或影响事情的发生、发展或人的发展。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达支配或影响的程度| shape | ➔ | govern | ➔ | determine | | form | | rule | | dictate | | | | | decide |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to determine / shape / govern / dictate / decide how...◆to determine / govern / dictate / decide what / when / why...◆to determine / dictate that ...◆to determine / shape / dictate / decide the outcome / result (of sth)◆to determine / shape / dictate the course / direction / future (of sth)◆to determine / shape / form the character of sb / sth◆to determine / shape / govern behaviour◆a factor determines / shapes / governs / decides sth◆a force determines / shapes / governs sth◆to be largely determined / governed / dictated by sth■ determine [transitive, often passive] (formal) to make sth happen in a particular way or be of a particular type 决定；支配；影响◆Female employment was determined by economic and social factors.女性的就业受经济和社会因素的影响。◆The physical capabilities of a plant determine where it can and cannot live.植物的自然适应能力决定了它适合在什么地方生存。◆Upbringing plays an important part in determining a person's character.后天培养对于一个人性格的形成起着重要作用。■ shape [transitive] to have an important influence on the way sb/sth develops 决定⋯的形成；影响⋯的发展◆Historical events helped to shape the town.历史事件对这个城镇的发展有相当的影响。◆She had a leading role in shaping party policy.她在该党的政策方向定调上起了主导作用。◆Religion had long been losing its power to shape and control behaviour.长期以来宗教已经失去了对人们行为的影响和控制力。■ govern [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) to control or influence how sth happens or works or how sb behaves 控制；支配；影响◆Prices are very much governed by market demand.价格的高低在很大程度上取决于市场的需求。◆We need changes in the law governing school attendance.我们需要对影响就学率的法规作一些改动。◆All his decisions had been entirely governed by self-interest.他的所有决定完全受利己之心支配。■ dictate [transitive, intransitive](of particular circumstances) to control what happens or the way that sth happens （特定情况）支配，摆布，决定◆It's generally your job that dictates where you live now.一般说来，你的工作决定了你当前的居住地点。◆Circumstances dictated that I had to wait nearly two years.客观环境决定，我得等将近两年。◆This is clearly the best choice, unless financial considerations dictate otherwise.这显然是最佳选择，除非经济上不允许。◆She had to remain indoors for 30 days before the wedding, as custom dictates.按照习俗的规定，婚礼前30天她必须足不出户。■ form [transitive] to have an important influence on the way sb's character or ideas develop 对（性格或思想的形成）有重大影响◆Positive and negative experiences form a child's character.正反两方面的经历都会影响儿童性格的形成。◆No other work of fiction has had such an influence in forming public attitudes.没有哪本小说对公众的态度产生过这么大的影响。NOTE 辨析 Shape or form?Both these words can be used to talk about the influences on a person's character or ideas. 这两个词都可指对人的性格或思想产生影响◆to shape / form sb's character / ideas / attitude / opinions决定某人性格／思想／态度／观点的形成 Shape, but not form can also be used to talk about influencing sb's behaviour or a course of events. * shape还可指对人的行为或事态发展产生影响，form则不能◆Historical events helped to form the town. ◆the power of religion to form behaviour ■ decide [transitive, intransitive] to determine the result of sth 决定（或影响）⋯的结果◆A mixture of skill and good luck decided the outcome of the game.实力和运气结合在一起决定了比赛的结果。◆In the end, price was the deciding factor.最终，价格成了决定因素。■ rule [transitive, often passive] (often disapproving) to be the main thing that influences and controls sb's life or choices, especially in a way that restricts them 支配；控制；制约◆The pursuit of money ruled his life.对金钱的追求支配着他的生活。◆We live in a society where we are ruled by the clock.我们生活在一个人人都受时间控制的社会里。 |