sharp adj. ⇨sharp1 (a sharp knife)⇨sharp2 (a sharp tongue)⇨bitter1 (a sharp taste)⇨cunning (a sharp operator)⇨high3 (a sharp voice/knock)⇨marked (a sharp contrast)⇨sudden (a sharp rise/increase)
sharp1
adjective
a sharp knife锋利的刀a sharp tongue说话尖刻sharp ♦︎ jagged ♦︎ serratedThese words all describe sth that has a very fine edge or point that cuts well, or that can make holes.这些词均表示锋利的、尖的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a sharp / jagged / serrated edge◆a sharp / serrated blade / knife◆a sharp / jagged rock◆sharp / jagged teeth■sharphaving a fine edge or point, especially of sth that can cut or make a hole in sth锋利的；锐利的；尖的◆You'll need a really sharp knife for this job.要完成这项工作，你需要一把十分锋利的刀。◆Careful－the kittens have razor-sharp teeth.当心－小猫的牙齿十分锋利。OPPbluntⓘ A blunt knife or object does not have a sharp edge or point. * blunt指刀等器具不锋利的、钝的◆This pencil's blunt!这铅笔不尖了！◆The police said he had been hit with a blunt instrument.警方说他遭到了钝器击打。■jagged / /ˈdʒægɪd/ / with rough, pointed, often sharp edges有尖突的；锯齿状的◆It is a stark landscape of black, jagged peaks.那是一片由黑色嶙峋的山峰构成的荒凉景色。◆The floor was covered with jagged pieces of glass from smashed bottles.地板上到处都是摔碎的瓶子留下的玻璃碎片。ⓘ Typical collocates of jagged are edge, glass, knife, mountain, peak, rocks and teeth. * jagged的常见搭配词有edge、glass、knife、mountain、peak、rock和teeth。■serrated / /səˈreɪtɪd/ / having a series of sharp points on the edge like a saw(= a tool used for cutting wood or metal)锯齿状的◆Use a knife with a serrated edge for cutting bread.切面包要用带锯齿刃的刀。
sharp2
adjective
a sharp knife锋利的刀a sharp tongue说话尖刻➡ See also the entry for ⇨ short3另见short条第3义sharp ♦︎ terse ♦︎ curt ♦︎ brusque ♦︎ clipped ♦︎ abruptThese words all describe speaking in an unfriendly way and/or using few words.这些词均表示说话无礼的、简短生硬的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sharp / curt / brusque / abrupt with sb◆a sharp / terse / curt / brusque / clipped voice◆a sharp / curt / brusque / clipped tone◆a sharp / terse / curt reply◆a curt / a brusque / an abrupt manner◆rather sharp / curt / brusque / abrupt■sharp (usuallydisapproving) (of a person or what they say) critical or harsh（人或言语）尖锐的，严厉的◆sharp criticism尖锐的批评◆He was very sharp with me when I was late.我迟到了，他狠狠训了我一通。◆Emma has a sharp tongue(= she often speaks in a harsh or unkind way).埃玛说话很尖刻。▸sharply
adverb
◆'Is there a problem?' he asked sharply.“有问题吗？”他厉声问道。■terse (sometimesdisapproving) (of sb's speech or writing) using few words and often not seeming polite or friendly（说话或文章）简要的，简短生硬的◆The President issued a terse statement denying the charges.总统发表了一份简短声明，否认那些指控。■curt (usuallydisapproving) (of a person's manner, actions or writing) appearing rude because very few words are used, or because sth is done in a very quick way（人的举止、行动或文章）短促而失礼的，唐突无礼的◆She dismissed him with a curt nod of the head.她随便点了一下头就把他打发走了。◆She ignored the curt order.她对简单粗暴的命令不屑一顾。◆A curt note of rejection arrived from the company director.董事传来了一张便条，就这样随便拒绝了。■brusque /bruːsk, brʊsk; NAmEbrʌsk/ (usuallydisapproving) (of a person or what they say) using very few words and sounding rude（人或话语）短促而无礼的◆I'm sorry if I was a bit brusque with you.如果我曾经对你出言怠慢，请见谅。■clipped (sometimesdisapproving) (of a person's voice or words) clear and fast but not very friendly（人的声音或话语）干脆而生硬◆his clipped, military tones他那短促的军人腔调■abrupt (sometimesdisapproving) (of a person's manner or actions) appearing rude because very few words are used, or because sth is done in a very quick way（人的举止或行动）粗鲁的，莽撞的，生硬的，唐突的◆She was very abrupt with me in our meeting.我们会面时她跟我说话非常生硬。◆He indicated Isabel with an abrupt movement of his head.他晃了一下脑袋，头指向伊莎贝尔。NOTE辨析 Terse, curt, brusque or abrupt?Terse describes the language sb/sth uses and can sometimes be approving. * terse描述某人所使用的语言简洁，有时可含褒义◆The manual was terse and practical.那说明书简短而实用。◆a terse and gripping thriller简短而又扣人心弦的惊险小说Brusque describes people or their manner but always refers to them using few words. Curt and abrupt can also describe actions. * brusque描述人或其举止，但总是指说话短促。curt和abrupt也可描述行动◆a curt / abrupt nod / gesture唐突无礼的点头／手势Terse and curt can be used for written words as well as speech. * terse和curt既可描述口头讲的话也可描述书面文字◆a terse / curt letter of dismissal一封简短冷硬的解聘信
bitter1
adjective
a bitter taste苦味bitter feelings痛苦的感情bitter ♦︎ pungent ♦︎ sour ♦︎ acrid ♦︎ sharp ♦︎ acidThese words all describe a strong, unpleasant taste or smell.这些词均表示味道或气味强烈的、令人不适的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a bitter / a pungent / an acrid / a sharp / an acid taste / flavour◆a bitter / a pungent / a sour / an acrid / a sharp / an acid smell / odour◆a bitter / a pungent / an acrid / a sharp scent◆a bitter / a sour / a sharp / an acid fruit◆a pungent / sharp cheese◆pungent / acrid smoke◆to taste bitter / sour / sharp◆to smell bitter / sharp■bitter(of a taste or smell) strong and usually unpleasant; (of food or drink) having a bitter taste（味道或气味）强烈而令人不适的；（食物或饮料）味苦的◆bitter coffee / chocolate苦咖啡；苦巧克力◆The drink tasted bitter.这种饮料味苦。◆This plant is ignored by livestock because of the bitter taste.因为味苦，家畜不吃这种植物。■pungent / /ˈpʌndʒənt/ / (of a smell or taste) strong and usually unpleasant; (of food or smoke) having a pungent smell or taste（气味或味道）强烈而令人不适的；（食物）刺激性的，辛辣的；（烟）呛人的，刺鼻的◆the pungent smell of burning rubber烧橡胶的刺鼻气味◆The air was pungent with the smell of spices.空气里充满了各种香料的刺激性气味。■sour(of a taste) bitter like the taste of a lemon or of fruit that is not ripe; (of food or drink) having a sour taste（味道）酸的；（食物或饮料）有酸味的◆Too much pulp produces a sour wine.过多的果肉会让酒变酸。OPPsweetⓘ Sweet food contains sugar or tastes of sugar. * sweet指食物含糖的、甜的◆I need a cup of hot sweet tea.我需要一杯加糖的热茶。◆This wine is too sweet for me.这种葡萄酒对我来说太甜了。 see also sour ⇨ rotten■acrid / /ˈækrɪd/ / (of a smell or taste) strong and unpleasant; (of smoke) having an acrid smell（气味或味道）刺激的，难闻的；（烟）呛人的，刺鼻的◆The fog was yellow and acrid and bit at the back of the throat.雾的颜色发黄，气味呛人，直刺喉根。■sharp(of a taste or smell) strong and slightly bitter; (of food or drink) having a sharp taste（味道或气味）强烈而略苦的，刺鼻的；（食物或饮料）味苦的，辛辣的◆The cheese has a distinctively sharp taste.这奶酪味道很冲。■acid(of a taste or smell) bitter, like the taste of a lemon or of fruit that is not ripe; (of food or drink) having an acid taste（味道）酸的；（气味）有刺激性的；（食物或饮料）有酸味的◆It's a very juicy fruit with a slightly acid flavour.这种水果多汁，味道略酸。NOTE辨析 Which word?Bitter, sour, sharp and acid are all used more for tastes. Pungent and acrid are used more for smells. A bitter taste is usually unpleasant, but some people enjoy the bitter flavour of coffee or chocolate. You cannot use any other word to describe this flavour. * bitter、sour、sharp和acid多用以形容味道。pungent和acrid多用以形容气味。bitter表示味苦，通常令人不适，有些人却喜欢咖啡或巧克力的苦味，其他词都不能描述这种味道◆pungent/sour/acrid/sharp/acid coffee/chocolateSour and acid both describe the taste of a lemon or fruit that is not ripe. Sour is usually a negative term; acid can be negative or simply descriptive. A sharp or pungent flavour is more strong than unpleasant, especially when describing cheese. * sour和acid均指柠檬或未成熟水果的那种酸味。sour通常作贬义；acid既可作贬义，也可作客观描述。sharp或pungent主要强调味道强烈，而非令人不适，在描述奶酪的味道时尤其如此◆bitter/sour/acrid/acid cheeseA pungent smell is usually unpleasant, but some people enjoy the pungent smell of rich, spicy food. An acrid smell is always unpleasant; acrid is not used for the smell of food. * pungent指气味有刺激性，通常令人不适，但有些人却喜欢油腻、调料重的食物的浓烈气味。acrid指气味刺激难闻，总是令人不适；acrid不用于形容食物的气味。
cunning
adjective
cunning ♦︎ crafty ♦︎ sly ♦︎ sneaky ♦︎ wily ♦︎ sharp ♦︎ calculating ♦︎ schemingThese words all describe people behaving in a dishonest or indirect way in order to get sth.这些词均表示狡猾的、奸诈的、诡计多端的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a cunning / sly / sneaky trick◆a cunning / calculating / scheming mind◆a cunning / crafty / sly / sneaky / scheming bastard◆a cunning / crafty / sneaky / calculating / scheming bitch◆a crafty / sly / sneaky devil / thing◆a cunning / crafty / sly / sneaky / scheming little...◆a cunning / crafty / sly / sneaky / wily old...■cunning (sometimesdisapproving) having or showing skill at getting what you want, especially by indirect or dishonest methods精明的；（尤指）狡猾的，奸诈的◆That cunning old rogue is up to something, I'm sure.我确信那个狡猾的老流氓在捣鬼。◆It's just a cunning ploy by the marketing people to get us to buy more cornflakes.那只是市场营销人员让我们买更多玉米片的狡猾伎俩。 see also devious ⇨ dishonest▸cunning
noun
[uncountable] ◆It took energy and cunning just to survive.既要花力气又要有心计才能生存。■craftycunning精明的；（尤指）狡猾的，奸诈的◆He's a crafty old devil.他是个奸诈狡猾的老狐狸。◆She's one of the party's craftiest political strategists.她是该党最精明的政治战略家之一。NOTE辨析 Cunning or crafty?Cunning can describe a person or a plan. Crafty usually describes a person; it can also describe a single action, but not a whole plan. * cunning可以形容人或计划。crafty一般形容人，此外还可形容单一的行为，但不形容整个计划◆That was a crafty move / touch.那是一次巧妙的行动／接触。◆a crafty ploy by the marketing peopleWhen used to describe people, both cunning and crafty can suggest admiration for sb's cleverness as much as disapproval of their dishonesty.用来形容人时，cunning和crafty均表示既赞赏其聪明，又不齿其诡诈。■sly (disapproving) behaving or done in a secret and usually dishonest way诡诈的；狡诈的◆That was a sly political move.那是一种诡诈的政治手段。◆She's a sly one－never lets on what she's thinking.她心机很深，从不让别人知道她在想什么。ⓘ If you do sth on the sly, you do it secretly, not wanting other people to discover what you are doing. * on the sly指秘密地、偷偷地◆He has to visit them on the sly.他只好偷偷去看望他们。■sneaky (informal, sometimesdisapproving) behaving or done in a secret and sometimes dishonest or unpleasant way悄悄的；偷偷摸摸的；鬼鬼祟祟的◆I took a sneaky glance at my watch.我悄悄瞥了一下我的手表。◆That was a sneaky trick to play!耍这种把戏也太不光明正大了！NOTE辨析 Sly or sneaky?Sneaky is a less formal word than sly and shows less serious disapproval. * sneaky比 sly较不正式，贬义较轻。■wily / /ˈwaɪli/ / (of a person) clever at getting what you want, and willing to trick people（人）狡猾的，诡计多端的，爱捉弄人的◆He was outwitted by his wily opponent.他被狡猾的对手用计击败了。■sharp (disapproving) (of a person or their way of doing business) clever but possibly dishonest（人或经商手法）狡猾的，诡诈的◆His lawyer's a sharp operator.他的律师是个老狐狸。◆The firm had to face some sharp practice from competing companies.该公司不得不面对几家竞争对手的小动作。ⓘ Operator and practice are by far the most frequent collocates of sharp in this meaning.表达此义时，sharp最常与operator和practice搭配。■calculating (disapproving) (of a person) good at planning things so that they have an advantage, without caring about other people（人）精明的，精于算计的◆The judge called him 'a cold and calculating killer'.法官称他是个“工于心计的冷酷杀手”。■scheming / /ˈskiːmɪŋ/ / (ratherformal, disapproving) (of a person) often planning secretly to do sth for their own advantage, especially by deceiving other people（人）惯搞阴谋的，诡计多端的，狡诈的◆She plays the role of a scheming wife in a doomed marriage.她扮演的角色是个在一桩注定失败的婚姻中诡计多端的妻子。
high3
adjective
a high price/speed/demand高价；高速；高需求a high mountain高山a high voice/sound尖嗓音；响亮的声音tophigh officehigh ♦︎ shrill ♦︎ high-pitched ♦︎ sharp ♦︎ treble ♦︎ piercingThese words all describe voices or sounds that are at or near the top of a musical scale, and not deep or low.这些词均表示高音的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a high / shrill / high-pitched / sharp / treble / piercing voice◆a high / shrill / high-pitched / sharp / piercing sound◆a high / shrill / sharp note◆a shrill / high-pitched / sharp / piercing scream / whistle◆a shrill / high-pitched / piercing shriek◆a shrill / high-pitched laugh◆in shrill / sharp / piercing tones■high(of a voice or sound) at or near the top of a musical scale高音的◆She has a high voice.她嗓音很尖。◆That note is definitely too high for me.那个音对我来说实在是太高了。OPPlow,deep ⇨ deep2■shrill (disapproving) (of a voice or sound) very high and loud, in an unpleasant way尖声的；刺耳的；尖厉的◆The PE teacher's shrill voice rang out across the school fields.体育老师刺耳的嗓音传遍整个学校操场。◆A shrill scream rent the air.一声尖叫划破天空。▸shrilly
adverb
◆She laughed shrilly.她尖声大笑。■ˌhigh-ˈpitched (sometimesdisapproving) (of sounds) high, sometimes in an unpleasant way（声音）高的，尖厉的◆She had a high-pitched giggle which irritated me intensely.她刺耳的傻笑声让我特别恼火。OPPlow-pitchedⓘ The opposite of high-pitched is low-pitched, but this is not very frequent and it is more usual just to use low: there is no unpleasantness associated with low sounds as there is with some high-pitched ones. * high-pitched的反义词是low-pitched，但该词并不常用，通常只用low，因为高音常令人感到不愉快，低音则不会。NOTE辨析 High or high-pitched?This meaning of high combines with a few very frequent nouns for sounds. * high表达此义时，与一些表示声音的常用词搭配◆a high voice / note / key高声；高音；高音调High-pitched is used for most other sounds.其他表示声音的词多数可与high-pitched搭配◆a high-pitched noise / scream / whistle / tone尖厉的噪音／叫声／哨声／声调Both words can be used with sound.两个词都可与sound搭配◆a high / high-pitched sound尖厉的声音High-pitched can sometimes suggest a rather unpleasant sound. * high-pitched有时含声音不悦耳之意。■sharp [usually before noun](of a voice or sound) loud, sudden and often high in tone（嗓音或声音）突然而响亮的◆She read out the list in sharp, clipped tones.她清脆快速地宣读了名单。◆There was a sharp knock on the door.突然响起了敲门声。OPPsoft ⇨ quiet2▸sharply
adverb
◆He rapped sharply on the window.他猛敲窗户。ⓘ In musical terminology a note that is sharp is above the correct pitch(= how high or low a note sounds). The opposite is flat. This meaning of sharp can also be used as an adverb.在音乐术语中，sharp表示偏高音的，反义词是flat。sharp表达此义时还可用作副词◆That note was slightly sharp.那个音有些偏高。◆You played that note sharp.那个音你弹高了。■treble / /ˈtrebl/ / [only before noun] (music音乐) (of a voice or musical note) high in tone（嗓音或音符）高的◆He sang in a high, clear treble voice.他的歌声高亢清亮。OPPbass ⇨ deep2NOTE辨析 High or treble?Treble is a more technical word than high, used in singing. * treble比high更为专业，用于声乐。■piercing /ˈpɪəsɪŋ; NAmEˈpɪrsɪŋ/ [usually before noun] (disapproving) (of a voice or sound) very high, loud and unpleasant（嗓音或声音）刺耳的，尖厉的◆She gave a piercing scream.她尖叫了一声。◆She has such a piercing voice.她的声音是那么刺耳。NOTE辨析 Shrill or piercing?A piercing sound or voice is loud and even higher and more unpleasant than a shrill sound or voice. * piercing比shrill声音更尖、更刺耳。
marked
adjective
➡ See also the entries for ⇨ clearadj.1, ⇨ open and ⇨ visible另见clear形容词词条第1义、open条和visible条marked ♦︎ striking ♦︎ distinct ♦︎ conspicuous ♦︎ unmistakable ♦︎ sharp ♦︎ pronounced ♦︎ definite ♦︎ decidedThese words all describe sb/sth that is easy to see or notice, especially because they are unusual or different.这些词均表示明显的、显著的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a marked / striking / distinct / sharp / pronounced / definite difference◆a marked / striking / distinct / sharp contrast◆a marked / striking / distinct resemblance◆a marked / striking / distinct / sharp / definite / decided improvement◆a marked / striking / sharp / pronounced / definite increase◆a marked / striking / pronounced / definite effect◆a marked / striking / conspicuous success◆a marked / striking / distinct / conspicuous / pronounced feature◆a distinct / an unmistakable / a pronounced flavour◆quite marked / striking / distinct / unmistakable / sharp / pronounced / definite◆very marked / striking / distinct / conspicuous / sharp / pronounced / definite◆fairly distinct / sharp / pronounced / definite■marked (especiallywritten) easy to see or notice显而易见的；明显的；显著的◆The recent advertising campaign has had a marked effect on sales.最近的广告宣传对提高销售额起到了显著作用。◆She is quiet and studious, in marked contrast to her sister.她沉静、勤奋，与她妹妹形成了鲜明的对照。▸markedly
adverb
◆Her background is markedly different from her husband's.她的出身背景和她丈夫截然不同。◆This year's sales have risen markedly.今年的销售额明显提高了。■strikingvery likely to attract attention by being interesting and unusual引人注目的；异乎寻常的；显著的◆She bears a striking resemblance to her older sister.她酷似她姐姐。◆What is immediately striking is how resourceful the children are.最令人注目的是孩子们出色的应变能力。 see also striking ⇨ beautiful1▸strikingly
adverb
◆The two polls produced strikingly different results.两次民意测验得出的结果截然不同。■distinct / /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ / easy to hear, see, feel, smell, taste or understand清晰的，清楚的，明显的（指容易从感官上分辨出来或容易理解）◆There was a distinct smell of gas.明显有一股煤气味。◆His voice was quiet but every word was distinct.他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。OPPindistinct ⇨ vague▸distinctly
adverb
◆I distinctly heard someone calling my name.我清楚地听到有人在叫我的名字。■conspicuous / /kənˈspɪkjuəs/ / easy to see or notice; likely to attract attention by being unusual or different显而易见的；明显的；惹人注意的◆I felt very conspicuous in my new car.开着新车，我觉得十分惹眼。◆Bay windows are a conspicuous feature of his architecture.凸窗是他的建筑设计的一个显著特征。OPPinconspicuous ⇨ invisible▸conspicuously
adverb
◆Women were conspicuously absent from the planning committee.引人注意的是，规划委员会里没有一个女性委员。■unmistakable ( less frequentunmistakeable) that cannot be mistaken for sb/sth else不会弄错的；确定无疑的；清楚明白的◆Her accent was unmistakable.她的口音很明显。◆The main symptom is a scarlet rash that's quite unmistakable.主要症状是非常明显的猩红色皮疹。◆the unmistakable sound of gunfire清清楚楚的枪炮声▸unmistakably◆His accent was unmistakably British.他明显操英国口音。■sharp [usually before noun] clear and easy to see or understand清楚明确的；清晰的；鲜明的◆The sky was dark, with only the outlines of dockside warehouses standing sharp on the skyline.天空一片阴霾，只有码头边货栈的轮廓清晰地映现在天际。◆She drew a sharp distinction between domestic and international politics.她将国内政治和国际政治截然分开。◆The issue must be brought into sharper focus.必须使这个问题更加突出。ⓘ In this meaning sharp is used to describe the contrast between different ideas or issues, or between different things in a view or picture.表达此义时，sharp用以描述不同观点或问题之间的对比，或描述风景或画面中不同事物之间的对比。 see also stark ⇨ plainadj.2■pronounced (especiallywritten) easy to see or notice显而易见的；明显的；显著的◆He walked with a pronounced limp.他走路明显跛足。◆She had a pronounced Scottish accent.她的苏格兰口音很明显。■definite [usually before noun] easy to see or notice显而易见的；明显的；显著的◆The look on her face was a definite sign that something was wrong.一看她的神色就知道出事了。◆There was a definite feeling that things were getting worse.人们明显感到情况越来越糟。NOTE辨析 Marked, pronounced or definite?In many cases you can use any of these words, especially when talking about changes or differences. Marked is used most often for these, especially in a business context. Pronounced is also more written than spoken, but is used more to talk about physical or personal characteristics. Definite is used to talk about things that you can see or feel.在很多情况下，特别是指变化或差异明显时，这几个词可以通用。marked最常形容变化和差异，尤用于商务语境。pronounced用于书面语多于口语，多形容身体或个人特征。definite形容看得见或感觉得到的事物。■decided [only before noun] easy to notice; that there can be no disagreement about明显的；明白无误的；一致认定的◆Her recent work has shown a decided improvement.她最近的工作已有了显著改进。◆His height was a decided advantage in the game.从事这项运动，他的身高是明显优势。▸decidedly
adverb
◆Things were looking decidedly gloomy.局势看来显然不妙。
sudden
adjective
sudden ♦︎ sharp ♦︎ dramatic ♦︎ abruptThese words all describe sth happening quickly or unexpectedly.这些词均表示突然的、急剧的、意外的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a sudden / a sharp / a dramatic / an abrupt increase / rise (in sth)◆a sudden / sharp / dramatic drop / fall (in sth)◆a sudden / sharp / dramatic change / improvement / deterioration◆a sudden / a dramatic / an abrupt end◆a sudden / dramatic appearance / arrival◆a sudden / an abrupt disappearance / departure / movement / stop / halt■suddenhappening or done quickly and unexpectedly突然的；忽然的；骤然的◆Don't make any sudden movements.不要做任何突然的动作。◆His death was very sudden.他死得很突然。◆It was only decided yesterday. It's all been very sudden.这是昨天才决定的，一切都非常突然。OPPgradual ⇨ slow▸suddenly
adverb
◆I suddenly realized what I had to do.我忽然明白了我该做些什么。◆It all happened so suddenly.一切都来得那么突然。■sharp [usually before noun](especially of a change in sth) sudden and rapid（尤指变化）急剧的，骤然的◆There has been a sharp drop in prices.价格骤降了。◆He heard a sharp intake of breath.他听到了一声猛吸气的声音。ⓘ Sharp is usually used to talk about sudden, big changes in numbers, prices, levels, rates, etc. Typical collocates are rise, increase, drop and fall. * sharp通常用来表示在数目、价格、水平、比率等方面的突然而巨大的变化，常见搭配词有rise、increase、drop和fall。▸sharply
adverb
◆The temperature drops sharply at night.夜间温度急剧下降。◆Profits fell sharply following the takeover.公司被收购后利润突然大幅度降低。◆The road fell sharply to the sea.那条公路陡然下坡，通向大海。■dramatic(of a change, an event, etc.) sudden, very great and often surprising（变化、事件等）突然的，巨大的，令人吃惊的◆I need to see a dramatic improvement in your work.我需要看到你的工作有巨大改进。◆The announcement had a dramatic effect on house prices.那个公告对住房价格产生了巨大影响。▸dramatically
adverb
◆Prices have increased dramatically in the last few years.最近几年价格暴涨。■abrupt / /əˈbrʌpt/ / sudden and unexpected, often in an unpleasant way（常指不快事）突然的，意外的◆His abrupt departure made me think I had done something to upset him.他突然离去，让我觉得自己惹他生气了。◆The accident brought his career to an abrupt end.那起事故使他的职业生涯突然结束了。▸abruptly
adverb
◆The interview ended abruptly when I refused to work weekends.面试因我拒绝周末加班而中途结束。