tear ♦︎ rip ♦︎ split ♦︎ shred ♦︎ pull sth apartThese words all mean to damage sth by pulling it in different directions or cutting it into pieces on sth sharp.这些词均表示撕裂、撕碎、戳破。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺下图显示这些词所表达撕开的程度
split
➔
tear
➔
rip
➔
shred
pull sth apart
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to tear / rip sth from / out of sth◆to tear / rip / pull sth apart◆to tear / rip sth up / open◆to tear / rip / shred paper◆to tear / rip your clothes◆to tear / rip / split your trousers / pants / jeans◆to tear / rip a hole in sth◆to tear / rip sth in two / to shreds / to pieces■tear(tore, torn) [transitive, intransitive] to damage sth by pulling it apart or by cutting it on sth sharp; to be damaged in this way; to make a hole in sth by force撕裂；撕碎；扯破；戳破◆I tore my jeans on the fence.我的牛仔裤被篱笆剐破了。◆He tore the package open.他把包裹撕开。◆She tore a page from her notebook.她从记事本上撕下一张纸。◆She tore up the letter(= tore it into small pieces).她把信撕得粉碎。◆His jacket had been torn to shreds on the barbed wire.他的夹克被带刺铁丝网撕成一条条的。◆The dogs tore the fox apart.那些狗把狐狸撕咬开。◆He tore at the meat with his bare hands.他徒手把肉撕开。◆Careful－this fabric tears very easily.小心，这种织物极易撕破。◆I tore a hole in my shirt.我把我的衬衫弄破了一个洞。▸tear
noun
[countable] ◆This sheet has a tear in it.这条床单上有个破洞。■rip(-pp-) [transitive, intransitive] to tear sth or become torn, often suddenly or violently（常突然或猛烈地）撕破，裂开◆The flag had been ripped in two.那面旗子被撕成两半。◆I heard the tent rip.我听到帐篷裂开的声音。◆A bullet ripped into his shoulder.一颗子弹射进了他的肩膀。◆The nail ripped a hole in my jacket.钉子把我的夹克划开一个洞。▸rip
noun
◆The jacket had a rip in the sleeve.夹克袖子上破了一道口子。NOTE辨析 Tear or rip?Ripping is usually more violent than tearing. Both verbs, but especially rip, are often used with a preposition or adverb to show violent movement as the thing is ripped/torn. * rip通常比tear动作更剧烈。这两个动词，尤其是rip，通常与介词或副词连用，显示东西被撕开时的剧烈动作。■split(splitting, split, split; -tt-) [intransitive, transitive](of fabric or wood) to tear or open along a straight line; to make sth tear or open in this way（织物或木头受力）裂开；使（织物或木头）裂开◆Her dress had split along the seam.她的连衣裙顺着接缝裂开了。◆The cushion split open and sent feathers everywhere.垫子撕破了，羽毛掉得到处都是。◆I was put to work splitting wood for the fire.我给指派去把木头劈成柴火。■shred(-dd-) [transitive] to cut or tear paper, fabric or vegetables into lots of small pieces切碎，撕碎（纸、织物或蔬菜）◆Serve the fish on a bed of shredded lettuce.先铺一层碎生菜叶，再把鱼放上，就可以上桌了。◆He was accused of shredding documents relating to the case.他被指控用碎纸机销毁了与此案有关的文件。ⓘ Shredding paper is usually done in a machine called a shredder or shredding machine; if you do it with your hands you tear/rip it up.碎纸机称为shredder或shredding machine；如果用手将纸撕碎可以说tear/rip it up。 see also shred ⇨ fragmentnoun■ˌpull sth aˈpart
phrasal verb
to separate sth into pieces by pulling different parts of it in different directions拆散；拆卸；撕成几块◆The wolves will pull the carcass apart.那些狼会将动物尸体撕开。◆It is wise to pull the gearbox apart only when absolutely necessary.只有在绝对必要的情况下才拆卸变速箱，这才是明智之举。ⓘ Pulling sth apart may involve force or violence, but does not have to. * pull sth apart可能会使用武力或暴力，但并非总是如此。
fragment
noun
➡ See also the entries for ⇨ bit and ⇨ piece另见bit条和piece条fragment ♦︎ flake ♦︎ shard ♦︎ splinter ♦︎ chip ♦︎ sliver ♦︎ crumb ♦︎ shred ♦︎ shavings ♦︎ filingsThese are all words for a small piece of sth broken or cut from sth larger.这些词均表示碎片、碎屑。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in fragments / flakes / shards / slivers / shreds◆(a) small fragments / flakes / shards / splinters / chip / sliver◆(a) tiny fragments / flakes / shard / sliver / shreds◆(a) thin flakes / splinters / sliver / shreds◆flying fragments / shards◆glass / metal fragments / shards / splinters◆wood chips / shavings◆a fragment / shard / splinter / sliver of glass◆a fragment / shard of pottery■fragment [countable] a small piece of glass, stone, metal or pottery that was part of sth larger that has broken（玻璃、石头、金属或陶器的）碎片◆Police found fragments of glass near the scene.警方在现场附近发现了玻璃碎片。◆The shattered vase lay in fragments on the floor.花瓶碎了一地。■flake [countable] a small, very thin, flat piece of a substance or material, especially one that has broken off from sth larger小薄片；（尤指）碎片◆Large flakes of paint were peeling off the walls.大片的油漆从墙上剥落。◆As they neared home the first flakes of snow fell.他们快到家的时候雪花开始飘落。■shard / /ʃɑːd; NAmEʃɑːrd/ ( sherd /ʃɜːd; NAmEʃɜːrd/ ) [countable] (ratherformal, written) a sharp piece of broken glass, metal, plastic or pottery（玻璃、金属、塑料或陶器的）尖碎片◆The brickwork exploded in dust and flying shards of clay.砖房爆炸了，灰尘和碎砖土块四处飞散。■splinter [countable] a small, thin, sharp piece of wood, glass, metal, bone or ice that has broken off a larger piece, especially when it has become stuck in sb's flesh（木头、玻璃、金属、骨头或冰的）尖碎片，尖细条（尤指扎入人肉里的）◆I've got a splinter in my finger(= a small piece of wood).我的手指里扎了一根木刺。◆A small splinter of metal had lodged in his thumb.一个小金属片嵌进了他的拇指。ⓘ Unless otherwise stated, a splinter is a splinter of wood. If it is of some other material, it is a splinter of sth or a glass/metal, etc. splinter.除非另作说明，splinter指碎木片、木刺。指其他材料的碎片时，要说a splinter of sth或a glass/metal, etc. splinter（玻璃片，金属片等）。■chip [countable] a small piece of glass, china, wood or tooth that has broken off an object or tooth（玻璃、瓷器、木头或牙齿上掉下来的）碎屑，碎片◆She had a slight chip off her front tooth.她的门牙缺了一小块。◆The gutted raw fish are smoked slowly over wood chips.去除了内脏的生鱼在碎木屑火堆上方慢慢地熏。ⓘ Chip is more frequently used to mean the place from which this piece has broken off. * chip更常指缺口、破损处◆This mug has a chip in it.这杯子有个缺口。■sliver /ˈslɪvə(r)/ / [countable] a small or thin piece of sth, especially glass, ice, wood or food, that is cut or broken off from a larger piece（切下或碎裂的）小块，薄片（尤指玻璃、冰、木头或食物）◆Slivers of glass crackled and crunched beneath her feet.玻璃碎片在她脚下嘎吱作响。◆Top each canapé with a sliver of cheese.在每块小饼干上面放一小片奶酪。NOTE辨析 Fragment or sliver?A fragment is usually part of sth that has broken into lots of pieces. A sliver may have been cut off sth that is still whole except for this one piece. * fragment通常指已碎成很多片的物品的碎片，sliver可指从完整的物品上切下的一小块。■crumb / /krʌm/ / [countable] a very small piece of food, especially of bread or cake, that has fallen off a larger piece食物碎屑；（尤指）面包屑，糕饼屑◆She stood up and brushed the crumbs from her sweater.她站起身掸掉了毛衣上的面包屑。■shred [countable, usually plural] a small thin piece of fabric or paper that has been torn or cut from sth（撕或切下的）细布条，碎纸片◆His jacket had been torn to shreds by the barbed wire.他的夹克被铁丝网挂得稀烂。 see also shred ⇨ tearverb■shavings [plural] thin pieces cut from a piece of wood, using a sharp tool刨花；木削片◆His study smelled of dust, ink and pencil shavings.他的书房里有灰尘、墨水和铅笔屑的气味。■filings / /ˈfaɪlɪŋz/ / [plural] very small pieces of metal, made when a larger piece of metal is filed(= rubbed with a metal tool)（金属）锉屑◆copper / iron filings铜锉屑；铁锉屑