tear verb ⇨tear (tear paper)⇨injure (tear a muscle)⇨pull2 (tear down a poster)⇨run1 (tear off down the road)
tear /teə(r); NAmEter/
verb
tear ♦︎ rip ♦︎ split ♦︎ shred ♦︎ pull sth apartThese words all mean to damage sth by pulling it in different directions or cutting it into pieces on sth sharp.这些词均表示撕裂、撕碎、戳破。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺下图显示这些词所表达撕开的程度
split
➔
tear
➔
rip
➔
shred
pull sth apart
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to tear / rip sth from / out of sth◆to tear / rip / pull sth apart◆to tear / rip sth up / open◆to tear / rip / shred paper◆to tear / rip your clothes◆to tear / rip / split your trousers / pants / jeans◆to tear / rip a hole in sth◆to tear / rip sth in two / to shreds / to pieces■tear(tore, torn) [transitive, intransitive] to damage sth by pulling it apart or by cutting it on sth sharp; to be damaged in this way; to make a hole in sth by force撕裂；撕碎；扯破；戳破◆I tore my jeans on the fence.我的牛仔裤被篱笆剐破了。◆He tore the package open.他把包裹撕开。◆She tore a page from her notebook.她从记事本上撕下一张纸。◆She tore up the letter(= tore it into small pieces).她把信撕得粉碎。◆His jacket had been torn to shreds on the barbed wire.他的夹克被带刺铁丝网撕成一条条的。◆The dogs tore the fox apart.那些狗把狐狸撕咬开。◆He tore at the meat with his bare hands.他徒手把肉撕开。◆Careful－this fabric tears very easily.小心，这种织物极易撕破。◆I tore a hole in my shirt.我把我的衬衫弄破了一个洞。▸tear
noun
[countable] ◆This sheet has a tear in it.这条床单上有个破洞。■rip(-pp-) [transitive, intransitive] to tear sth or become torn, often suddenly or violently（常突然或猛烈地）撕破，裂开◆The flag had been ripped in two.那面旗子被撕成两半。◆I heard the tent rip.我听到帐篷裂开的声音。◆A bullet ripped into his shoulder.一颗子弹射进了他的肩膀。◆The nail ripped a hole in my jacket.钉子把我的夹克划开一个洞。▸rip
noun
◆The jacket had a rip in the sleeve.夹克袖子上破了一道口子。NOTE辨析 Tear or rip?Ripping is usually more violent than tearing. Both verbs, but especially rip, are often used with a preposition or adverb to show violent movement as the thing is ripped/torn. * rip通常比tear动作更剧烈。这两个动词，尤其是rip，通常与介词或副词连用，显示东西被撕开时的剧烈动作。■split(splitting, split, split; -tt-) [intransitive, transitive](of fabric or wood) to tear or open along a straight line; to make sth tear or open in this way（织物或木头受力）裂开；使（织物或木头）裂开◆Her dress had split along the seam.她的连衣裙顺着接缝裂开了。◆The cushion split open and sent feathers everywhere.垫子撕破了，羽毛掉得到处都是。◆I was put to work splitting wood for the fire.我给指派去把木头劈成柴火。■shred(-dd-) [transitive] to cut or tear paper, fabric or vegetables into lots of small pieces切碎，撕碎（纸、织物或蔬菜）◆Serve the fish on a bed of shredded lettuce.先铺一层碎生菜叶，再把鱼放上，就可以上桌了。◆He was accused of shredding documents relating to the case.他被指控用碎纸机销毁了与此案有关的文件。ⓘ Shredding paper is usually done in a machine called a shredder or shredding machine; if you do it with your hands you tear/rip it up.碎纸机称为shredder或shredding machine；如果用手将纸撕碎可以说tear/rip it up。 see also shred ⇨ fragmentnoun■ˌpull sth aˈpart
phrasal verb
to separate sth into pieces by pulling different parts of it in different directions拆散；拆卸；撕成几块◆The wolves will pull the carcass apart.那些狼会将动物尸体撕开。◆It is wise to pull the gearbox apart only when absolutely necessary.只有在绝对必要的情况下才拆卸变速箱，这才是明智之举。ⓘ Pulling sth apart may involve force or violence, but does not have to. * pull sth apart可能会使用武力或暴力，但并非总是如此。
injure
verb
injure ♦︎ wound ♦︎ hurt ♦︎ bruise ♦︎ maim ♦︎ sprain ♦︎ pull ♦︎ tear ♦︎ twist ♦︎ strainThese words all mean to harm yourself or sb else physically, especially in an accident.这些词均表示使身体受伤，尤指因事故而致。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to injure / hurt / strain yourself◆to injure / hurt / sprain / pull / tear / strain a muscle◆to injure / hurt / sprain / twist your ankle / foot / knee◆to injure / hurt / sprain your wrist / hand◆to injure / hurt / strain your back / shoulder / eyes◆to injure / hurt your spine / neck◆to be badly injured / wounded / hurt / bruised / maimed / sprained / torn◆to be severely injured / wounded / hurt / bruised / sprained◆to be seriously injured / wounded / hurt / bruised◆to be slightly injured / wounded / hurt / bruised / sprained◆to accidentally injure / wound / hurt sb / sth■injure [transitive] to harm yourself or sb else physically, especially in an accident（尤指在事故中）伤害，使受伤◆He injured his knee playing hockey.他打曲棍球时膝盖受了伤。◆Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。◆She injured herself during training.她在训练时受了伤。■wound / /wuːnd/ / [transitive, often passive] (ratherformal) to injure part of the body, especially by making a hole in the skin using a weapon使（身体部位）受伤；（尤指用武器）伤害◆He was wounded in the arm.他手臂受了伤。◆About 50 people were seriously wounded in the attack.约有50人在袭击中受了重伤。ⓘ Wound is often used to talk about people being hurt in war or in other attacks which affect a lot of people. * wound常指在战争中或在波及许多人的其他袭击中使人受伤。■hurt(hurt, hurt) [transitive, intransitive] to cause physical pain to sb/yourself; to injure sb/yourself使疼痛；伤害◆He hurt his back playing squash.他打壁球时背部受了伤。◆Did you hurt yourself?你伤着自己了吗？◆Stop it. You're hurting me.住手，你弄疼我了。◆My back is really hurting me today.我今天背疼得厉害。◆Strong light hurts my eyes.强光刺痛我的眼睛。◆My shoes hurt－they're too tight.我的鞋子太紧，穿着夹脚。 see also hurt ⇨ hurtverb2NOTE辨析 Hurt or injure?You can hurt or injure a part of the body in an accident. Hurt emphasizes the physical pain caused; injure emphasizes that the part of the body has been damaged in some way.在事故中使身体受伤用hurt或injure均可，hurt强调身体疼痛，injure强调身体部位受到某种损伤。■bruise / /bruːz/ / [transitive, intransitive] to make a blue, brown or purple mark (a bruise) appear on the skin after sb has fallen or been hit; to develop a bruise（使）出现瘀伤；撞伤；摔伤◆She had slipped and badly bruised her face.她滑了一跤，摔得鼻青脸肿。◆Careful: I bruise easily.小心，我很容易受瘀伤。▸bruising
noun
[uncountable] ◆ (ratherformal) She suffered severe bruising, but no bones were broken.她挫伤严重，但骨头没断。■maim [transitive] (ratherformal) to injure sb seriously, causing permanent damage to their body使残废；使受（永久性）伤害◆Hundreds of people are killed or maimed in car accidents every week.每周都有数百人因车祸而丧生或致残。■sprain [transitive] to injure part of your body, especially your ankle, wrist or knee, by suddenly bending it in an awkward way, causing pain and swelling扭伤（踝、腕、膝）◆I stumbled and sprained my ankle.我摔了一跤，扭伤了脚踝。▸sprain
noun
[countable] ◆a bad ankle sprain踝关节严重扭伤■pull [transitive] to injure a muscle, etc., by stretching it too much拉伤，扭伤（肌肉等）◆She has pulled her Achilles tendon.她拉伤了跟腱。■tear /teə(r); NAmEter/ (tore, torn) [transitive] to injure a muscle, etc., by stretching it too much拉伤，扭伤（肌肉等）◆She's torn a ligament in her right hand.她右手的一处韧带拉伤了。NOTE辨析 Pull or tear?To pull or tear a muscle is basically the same action, but a torn muscle is more badly injured than a pulled muscle: the injury or tear goes further across the muscle. You can talk about a badly torn muscle but not◆a badly pulled muscle * pull a muscle和tear a muscle意思基本相同，均指拉伤、扭伤肌肉，但a torn muscle的伤势比a pulled muscle严重，撕裂的部分（亦称tear）更大。可以说a badly torn muscle（严重拉伤的肌肉），但不说 a badly pulled muscle。■twist [transitive] to suddenly bend a part of your body, especially your ankle, wrist or knee, in an awkward way, causing an injury that involves pain and swelling扭伤（踝、腕、膝）◆She fell and twisted her ankle.她摔了一下，把脚崴了。NOTE辨析 Sprain or twist?A sprain is an injury to your ankle, wrist or knee that causes pain and swelling; to sprain your ankle/wrist/knee is to injure it in this way. To twist your ankle/wrist/knee is to do the action(= to suddenly bend it in an awkward way)that causes the injury. * sprain作名词表示踝、腕、膝的扭伤。sprain作动词时可后接ankle/wrist/knee，表示对这些部位造成扭伤。动词twist也可后接ankle/wrist/knee，表示造成扭伤的动作。■strain [transitive] to injure yourself or part of your body by making it work too hard使劳损；拉伤；扭伤◆Don't strain your eyes by reading in poor light.别在光线差的地方看书以免眼睛过度疲劳。◆Are you sure you can carry all that? Don't strain yourself.你真提得了那么多东西吗？别把自己弄伤了。▸strain
noun
[countable, uncountable] ◆a calf / groin / leg strain腿肚子／腹股沟／腿部拉伤◆muscle strain肌肉劳损
pull2
verb
pull a cart拉车pull the plug out把插头拔掉pull sb's hair揪某人的头发pull ♦︎ tear ♦︎ pluck ♦︎ extract ♦︎ wrench ♦︎ prise ♦︎ pry ♦︎ leverThese words all mean to remove sth from a place or position by holding it firmly and using force or effort to move it.这些词均表示用力拉出、拔掉、扯下。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to pull / tear / pluck / extract / wrench / prise / pry sth from sb / sth◆to pull / tear / pluck / wrench / prise / pry / lever sb / sth out / out of sth◆to pull / tear / wrench / prise / pry / lever sth off / open / apart◆to pull / tear / wrench sb / sth free◆to pull / tear / pluck / wrench / prise / pry sth from sb's grasp■pull [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to remove sth from a place or position by holding it firmly and using force to move it towards you（用力）拉出，拽出，拔出◆Pull the plug out.把插头拔出来。◆She pulled off her boots.她脱下靴子。◆You'll pull the handle right off if you tug so hard.你这么用力，会把手柄拽下来的。◆The man pulled a gun / knife on him(= took it out and aimed it towards him).那男子拔出枪／刀来指着他。■tear / /teə(r); NAmEter/ (tore, torn) [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to remove sth from sth else by pulling it roughly or violently（粗暴地）拉掉，撕掉，扯掉◆The storm nearly tore the roof off.暴风雨差点儿把屋顶掀起来。◆I tore another sheet from the pad.我从本子上又撕下一页。■pluck [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to remove sth from a place by pulling it, especially quickly or sharply; to remove sb from a place or situation, especially one that is unpleasant or dangerous（尤指迅速或突然地）拔，夺；解救◆She plucked out a grey hair.她拔掉了一根白发。◆He plucked the wallet from the man's grasp.他抢走了那男人手里紧抓着的钱包。◆Survivors were plucked to safety by a helicopter.幸存者被直升机解救脱险。■extract /ɪkˈstrækt/ / [transitive] (formal) to take or pull sth out, especially using force or effort（用力）取出，拔出◆The dentist may decide that the wisdom teeth need to be extracted.牙医可能会认为智齿应该拔掉。◆He rifled through his briefcase and extracted a file.他翻遍了公文包，抽出一份文件。■wrench / /rentʃ/ / [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) (written) to remove sb/sth from a place by pulling or twisting it/them suddenly and violently猛拉；猛扭；猛拧◆The bag was wrenched from her grasp.她紧握着那只包，但还是被夺走了。◆The child wrenched himself free.那小孩挣脱了出来。■prise ( prize) / /praɪz/ / [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) (especially BrE) to use force to separate sth from sth else强行分开；撬开◆He prised her fingers from the bag.他掰开她抓着提包的手。◆We used a screwdriver to prise open the lid.我们用螺丝刀把盖子撬开。■pry [transitive] (NAmE) to prise sth from sth else强行分开；撬开◆See if you can pry the lid off.试试看能不能把盖子撬下来。■lever /ˈliːvə(r); NAmEˈlevər/ [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to remove or separate sth from sth using a lever(= a long piece of wood, metal, etc. used for moving or lifting sth)（用杠杆）撬开◆I levered the lid off the pot with a knife.我用刀把罐子盖撬开了。◆They managed to lever the door open.他们设法撬开了门。
run1
verb
run to catch a bus跑着去赶公共汽车run a business经营企业➡ See also the entry for ⇨ fly2另见fly条第2义run ♦︎ race ♦︎ jog ♦︎ tear ♦︎ sprint ♦︎ charge ♦︎ gallop ♦︎ trot ♦︎ bound ♦︎ pound ♦︎ stampedeThese words all mean to move fast using your legs.这些词均表示跑。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺下图显示这些词所表达跑步速度快慢的程度
jog
➔
run
➔
race
trot
bound
tear
pound
sprint
charge
gallop
stampede
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to run / race / jog / sprint / charge / gallop / trot / bound / pound towards sb / sth◆to run / race / sprint / charge / gallop / trot / bound / pound after sb / sth◆to run / race / tear / sprint / gallop / trot / bound / pound along (sth)◆to run / race / tear / sprint / gallop / bound off◆to run / race / sprint / bound away◆to run / race / tear / sprint / bound back◆to run / race / tear / charge around / round◆to come running / racing / tearing / sprinting / charging / galloping / trotting / bounding■run(running, ran, run) [intransitive, transitive] to move using your legs, going faster than when you walk; to travel a particular distance by running跑；奔跑◆Can you run as fast as Mike?你能和迈克跑得一样快吗？◆The boy went running off to get the ball.那个男孩跑着去拿球。◆I had to run to catch the bus.我不得不跑着去赶公共汽车。◆Alan was running for a bus when he slipped on some ice.艾伦跑着赶公共汽车时在冰上滑倒了。◆I like to go running(= run as a form of exercise) in the mornings before work.我喜欢早晨上班前跑步。◆I ran four miles today.我今天跑了4英里。◆Terrified, he ran all the way home.他吓坏了，一路跑回家。 see also runner ⇨ player▸run
noun
[countable] ◆I go for a run every morning.我每天早晨都去跑步。◆He broke into a run(= started running).他跑了起来。▸running
noun
[uncountable] ◆to go running去跑步◆running shoes跑鞋■race [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) (written) to run very fast, especially because it is important that you get somewhere quickly（尤指因须快速到达某处）快跑，飞奔◆Peter raced ahead to be the first to tell his mother the news.彼得跑在前面，为的是率先将这个消息告诉他妈妈。◆We all raced back to the camp.我们都迅速赶回了营地。■jog ( go jogging) [intransitive] to run slowly and steadily for a long time, especially for exercise慢跑，慢步长跑（尤指锻炼）◆I go jogging every evening.我每天晚上都慢跑锻炼。◆He jogged down the path and into the lane.他沿着小路慢跑进了小巷。▸jog
noun
[singular] ◆I like to go for a jog after work.我喜欢下班后慢跑锻炼。▸jogging
noun
[uncountable] ◆He decided to take up jogging.他决定开始慢跑锻炼。■tear / /teə(r); NAmEter/ (tore, torn) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to run somewhere very quickly, especially in an excited way or because you are in a hurry（尤指兴奋地或因赶时间）飞跑，狂奔，疾驰◆The girls looked at each other and tore off towards the house.女孩们看了看对方，接着向房子飞奔而去。■sprint [intransitive, transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to run very fast for a short distance短距离快速奔跑；冲刺◆He sprinted towards the finishing line.他向终点冲刺。◆I sprinted the last few metres.我全速跑完最后几米。ⓘ When sb in a race starts sprinting, they start running as fast as they can, especially near the end of the race. * sprint指比赛中的冲刺，特别是接近比赛终点时。▸sprint
noun
[countable] ◆a 100-metre sprint100米短跑◆It was a sprint for the finishing line.这是一个终点冲刺。■charge [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to run or walk fast in a particular direction, especially making a noise or carelessly（尤指闹哄哄或毛毛躁躁地）向⋯方向冲去◆The kids were charging around outside.孩子们在外面跑来跑去。◆He came charging into my office and demanded an explanation.他冲进我的办公室，要求给个说法。■gallop /ˈgæləp/ / [intransitive, transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) (of a horse or similar animal) to move fast with an action that includes all four feet being off the ground at the same time; (of a person) to ride a horse when it is galloping; (of a person) to run very quickly, especially in an excited way and with noisy steps（马或类似动物）飞奔，疾驰；（人）策马奔驰，嗵嗵地奔跑◆The horse neighed and galloped off across the field.那匹马嘶叫着疾驰穿过田地。◆The cavalry galloped past in a cloud of dust.骑兵绝尘而去。◆She galloped her horse all the way home.她骑着马一路飞奔回家。◆The kids came galloping along the street.孩子们沿街飞奔而来。▸gallop
noun
[singular] ◆Diane urged her horse into a gallop.黛安驱马驰骋起来。■trot(-tt-) [intransitive, transitive](of a horse) to move at a speed that is faster than walking, with each front leg being lifted at the same time as the opposite back leg; (of a person) to ride a horse when it is trotting; (of a person) to run slowly or walk fast, taking short quick steps（马）疾走，小跑；（人）骑马小跑，小步快跑，碎步急行◆I could hear the sound of several horses trotting along in the lane.我听到几匹马在小路上小跑的声音。◆Bob trotted his pony around the field.鲍勃骑着小马绕场慢跑。◆The dog trotted obediently at her heels.那条狗乖乖地小跑着跟在她脚边。◆He trotted off to greet the other guests.他快步走过去迎接其他客人。▸trot
noun
[singular] ◆She slowed her horse to a trot.她放慢马的速度小跑起来。◆She moved at a brisk trot.她轻快地小跑起来。■bound / /baʊnd/ / [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to run with long steps, especially in an enthusiastic way（尤指热情地）跳跃着跑◆The dogs bounded ahead.那些狗在前面蹦蹦跳跳地跑。■pound / /paʊnd/ / [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to run somewhere with heavy, noisy steps脚步重且喧闹地跑◆A group of men on horseback came pounding across the field.一群人骑着马嗵嗵地穿过田地。■stampede / /stæmˈpiːd/ / [intransitive](of a group of large animals or people) to run fast, especially in a way that cannot be controlled（尤指大型动物群或人群无法控制地）狂奔，涌向◆The cattle started to stampede, as if they could sense the danger.牛群仿佛感觉到危险，开始狂奔起来。◆A bunch of kids came stampeding down the corridor.一群孩子顺着走廊涌了过来。