tension ♦︎ aggression ♦︎ hostility ♦︎ antagonism ♦︎ animosity ♦︎ antipathy ♦︎ enmityThese are all words for an unfriendly situation or feelings between people.这些词均表示紧张局势、敌意、对抗。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆tension / hostility / antagonism / animosity / antipathy / enmity between A and B◆aggression / hostility / antagonism / animosity / antipathy / enmity towards sb / sth◆mutual / personal hostility / antagonism / animosity / antipathy / enmity◆open aggression / hostility◆natural antagonism / antipathy◆to feel the tension / hostility / antagonism / animosity / antipathy◆to arouse hostility / antagonism■tension [uncountable, countable, usually plural] a situation in which people do not trust each other, or feel unfriendly towards each other, and which may cause them to attack each other紧张局势（或关系、状况）◆There is mounting tension along the border.边境局势日趋紧张。◆international / racial / political tensions国际紧张局势；种族间的紧张关系；政治上的紧张状况◆Family tensions and conflicts may lead to violence.家庭关系紧张和矛盾会导致暴力行为。 see also tense ⇨ stressful■aggression / /əˈgreʃn/ / [uncountable] a willingness to threaten or attack sb/sth, often caused by feelings of anger or hatred（常因愤怒或仇恨引起的）好斗情绪，攻击性◆Nowadays our aggression is channelled into sports.现今，我们的攻击性倾注到体育运动之中。 see also aggressive ⇨ aggressive1■hostility / /hɒˈstɪləti; NAmEhɑːˈstɪləti/ [uncountable, singular] unfriendly feelings or behaviour towards sb/sth敌意；对抗◆There was open hostility between the two schools.这两所学校公开相互敌对。◆The talk lasted well over an hour and he sensed a growing hostility from his audience.谈话进行了足足一个多小时，他感到听众的敌意越来越强。 see also hostile ⇨ aggressive1, hostility ⇨ opposition■antagonism /ænˈtægənɪzəm/ / [uncountable, countable, usually plural] (written) strong feelings of dislike between people or groups of people（强烈的）对立情绪；对抗情绪；敌对；敌意◆The gap between rich and poor is widening and class antagonism is growing.贫富差距越来越大，阶级对立愈发严重。◆Natural antagonisms and rivalries between the communities became worse.群体间原本具有的对抗和竞争关系变得越来越恶劣。 see also antagonize ⇨ angerverb■animosity / /ˌænɪˈmɒsəti; NAmEˌænɪˈmɑːsəti/ [uncountable, countable, usually plural] strong feelings of personal dislike towards sb（个人的）仇恨，敌意，憎恶◆He felt no animosity towards his critics.他对批评他的人并不心怀怨恨。◆Personal animosities between the leaders have made negotiations difficult.领导人之间的私怨使谈判变得困难。■antipathy /ænˈtɪpəθi/ / [uncountable, countable] (formal) strong feelings of dislike towards a thing, idea or person厌恶；反感◆Growing antipathy to the government has led to a low voter turnout in local elections.对政府日益强烈的反感导致地方选举的投票率很低。◆His professional judgement was coloured by his personal antipathies.他个人的厌恶情绪对他的专业判断产生了负面影响。NOTE辨析 Antagonism, animosity or antipathy?Antagonism is often felt towards a whole group or class of people. * antagonism常指对整个群体或阶级的反感◆class / racial antagonism阶级／种族对立Animosity can suggest a very personal feeling, not based on principles or tradition but on a bad personal relationship with sb. Antipathy can suggest a feeling based on instinct(=natural tendencies), not thought or reason. * animosity可表示非常个人的感受，不是基于原则和传统，而是与某人交恶所致。antipathy可表示基于本能的感觉，而非经过思考或理性判断得出。■enmity / /ˈenməti/ / [uncountable, countable] strong, long-lasting feelings of hatred towards sb（强烈而持久的）敌意，敌对，仇恨◆Her action earned her the enmity of two or three colleagues.她的行动激起了两三个同事对她的怨恨。◆Personal enmities and conflicts have soured relations within the department.个人仇恨和冲突让部门内部的关系变质了。
pressure1
noun
the pressures of work工作压力the pressure to conform守规矩的要求pressure ♦︎ stress ♦︎ tension ♦︎ strain ♦︎ demands ♦︎ heatThese are all words for the feelings of anxiety caused by the problems in sb's life.这些词均表示生活的压力、紧张。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be under pressure / stress / strain◆pressure / stress / demands / heat on sb◆considerable pressure / stress / tension / strain / demands◆social / economic / financial pressure / stress / demands◆to cause stress / tension / strain◆to cope with the pressure / stress / tension / strain / demands◆to deal with / handle the pressure / stress / tension / demands◆to relieve / release the pressure / stress / tension / strain◆to feel the pressure / tension / strain / heat◆to take the pressure / strain / heat◆to suffer from stress / tension■pressure [uncountable] ( pressures [plural]) difficulties and feelings of anxiety that are caused by the need to achieve sth or to behave in a particular way心理压力；紧张◆She was unable to attend because of the pressure of work.由于工作紧张，她不能出席。◆How can anyone enjoy the pressures of city life?怎么会有人喜欢都市生活的压力呢？ see also under pressure ⇨ tense■stress [uncountable, countable, usually plural] pressure or anxiety caused by the problems in sb's life精神压力；心理负担；紧张◆emotional / mental stress情绪／精神压力◆stress-related illnesses与精神压力有关的疾病◆Stress is often a factor in the development of long-term sickness.压力常常是患上慢性病的一个原因。◆She failed to withstand the stresses and strains of public life.她忍受不了公众人物生活的紧张和压力。 see also stressful ⇨ stressful, stressed ⇨ tenseNOTE辨析 Pressure or stress?It is common to say that sb is suffering from stress; pressure may be the thing that causes stress.经常说suffer from stress，pressure也许是引发stress的原因。■tension [uncountable, countable, usually plural] a feeling of anxiety and stress that makes it impossible to relax（情绪上的）紧张，烦躁◆She was suffering from nervous tension.她当时神经紧张。◆Walking and swimming are excellent for releasing tensions.散步和游泳能很好地放松紧张情绪。 see also tense ⇨ stressful, tense ⇨ tense■strain [uncountable, countable] pressure on sb/sth because they have too much to do or manage; the problems, worry or anxiety that this produces压力；重负；重压之下出现的问题（或担忧、焦虑）◆Their marriage is under great strain at the moment.眼下他们的婚姻关系非常紧张。◆These repayments are putting a strain on our finances.偿还这些债务对我们的财务状况造成压力。◆Relax, and let us take the strain(= do things for you).别担心，我们来帮你分担一下压力。 see also strained ⇨ stressful, strained ⇨ tense■demands [plural] things that sb/sth makes you do, especially things that are difficult or make you tired or worried（尤指困难或使人劳累、令人烦恼的）要求◆the demands of children / work照顾孩子／工作中的累人的事◆Flying makes enormous demands on pilots.飞行驾驶对飞行员要求很高。■heat [uncountable] (ratherinformal, especially journalism尤用于新闻) pressure on sb to do or achieve sth压力；逼迫◆The heat is on now that the election is only a week away.离选举只有一个星期了，大家开始感觉到有压力了。◆Can she take the heat of this level of competition?她承受得了这种水平的比赛的压力吗？