text noun ⇨book (a literary text)⇨letter (send sb a text)⇨literature (printed text)⇨script (the text of a speech)
book
noun
book ♦︎ publication ♦︎ novel ♦︎ guide ♦︎ title ♦︎ manual ♦︎ textbook ♦︎ text ♦︎ volumeThese are all words for a set of printed pages that are fastened together inside a cover.这些词均表示书籍。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a book / publication / novel / guide / manual / textbook / text / volume about sb / sth◆a book / publication / guide / title / manual / textbook / text / volume on sb / sth◆a book / publication / novel / title / text / volume by sb◆a reference book / publication / guide / title / manual◆a best-selling book / novel / guide / title / textbook◆a paperback book / publication / novel / title / volume◆a children's book / novel / guide / title◆to read a book / publication / novel / guide / manual / textbook / text / volume◆to publish a book / a novel / a guide / titles / manuals / textbooks / a volume◆to write a book / publication / novel / guide / manual / textbook / text / volume■book [countable] a set of printed pages that are fastened together inside a cover so that you can turn them and read them; a written work published in printed or electronic form书；书籍；印刷（或电子）出版物◆His desk was covered with piles of books.他的书桌上堆满了一摞摞的书。◆The book has received some terrible reviews.这本书得到了一些劣评。◆a library / hardback book馆藏书；精装书■publication / /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn/ / [countable] (ratherformal) a book, magazine, newspaper or document in which information or stories are published（书刊、报纸、文件等）出版物◆Her work has appeared in a wide variety of mainstream publications.她的作品见于各大主流出版物。■novel [countable] a printed story long enough to fill a complete book, in which the characters and events are usually imaginary（长篇）小说◆detective / historical / romantic novels侦探／历史／言情小说◆His first novel was published in 1934.他的第一部小说于1934年出版。 see also novelist ⇨ writer■guide [countable] a book or magazine that gives you information, help or instructions about sth指南；手册◆a Guide to Family Health家庭健康指南◆Let's have a look at the TV guide and see what's on.咱们看一下电视节目表，好知道电视上在放些什么。ⓘ A guide or guidebook is also a book that gives information about places for travellers or tourists. * guide和guidebook也指旅游指南、旅游手册◆He has written a number of travel guides.他写了几本旅游指南。◆a guidebook to Peru秘鲁旅游指南■title [countable] a book or magazine, especially one that is being published or sold by sb/sth（尤指由某人或某机构出版或发售的）书刊◆The company publishes twenty new titles a year.这家公司一年出版二十种新书。■manual / /ˈmænjuəl/ / [countable] a book that tells you how to do sth, or operate sth such as a machine使用手册；说明书；指南◆Why do you never read the instruction manual?你为什么从来不看说明书？■textbook / /ˈtekstbʊk/ / (NAmE alsotext) [countable] a book that teaches a particular subject and that is used especially in schools and colleges教科书；课本；教材◆a school / medical / history textbook课本；医学／历史教科书◆I would not recommend it as a classroom textbook.我不会把它推荐为课堂上使用的教科书。 see also text ⇨ literature, text ⇨ script■text [countable] a book, play or piece of writing, especially one that you study as part of a programme of study（尤指作为课程一部分而学习的）书籍，剧本，文章◆It is one of the most difficult literary texts of all time.这是有史以来最难的文学作品之一。◆ (BrE) 'Macbeth' is a set text for the exam.《麦克佩斯》是考试指定的必读剧目。ⓘ A text can also mean a textbook, especially in American English. * text也可指textbook，即教科书，尤其在美式英语中◆Students are requested not to buy texts prior to the first class.在上第一堂课之前要求学生先不买教科书。■volume [countable] (formal) a book书◆She published her first book, a slim volume of poetry, at the age of sixteen.她十六岁时出版了第一本书－一本薄薄的诗集。ⓘ Volume can be used in formal contexts when you are considering the size of a book or the number of books. * volume可以用在正式的语境中，指书的厚薄、套书的册数或藏书的数量◆a slim / thick volume薄薄的／厚厚的一册◆a library of over 50 000 volumes藏书5万多册的图书馆It is not used in more general contexts. * volume不用在较为笼统的语境中◆His desk was covered with piles of volumes.◆The volume has received some terrible reviews. see also volume ⇨ chapter
letter
noun
letter ♦︎ message ♦︎ email ♦︎ mail ♦︎ note ♦︎ memo ♦︎ fax ♦︎ text ♦︎ post ♦︎ communication ♦︎ correspondenceThese words all mean sth that you write and send to sb in order to communicate with them.这些词均表示信函、邮件。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a letter / a message / an email / mail / a note / a memo / a fax / a text / post / a communication / correspondence from / to sb◆(a) personal / private letter / message / email / mail / note / communication / correspondence◆a brief letter / message / email / note / memo / communication◆(a) business letter / email / mail / memo / correspondence◆a thank-you letter / message / email / note◆to send / receive a letter / a message / an email / mail / a note / a memo / a fax / a text / post / a communication / correspondence◆to write a letter / a message / an email / a note / a memo◆to open a letter / a message / an email / the mail / the post◆a letter / a message / an email / the mail / a fax / the post arrives■letter [countable] a piece of text that you write on paper and send to sb, usually in an addressed envelope, in order to tell them sth信；函◆You should include a covering letter with your CV.寄简历时应该附上求职信。◆They wrote a letter of complaint to the television network.他们给电视台写了一封投诉信。◆You will be notified by letter.你将会收到信函通知。◆ (BrE) to post a letter寄信◆ (NAmE) to mail a letter寄信■message [countable] a short piece of written or spoken information that you give to sb when you cannot speak to them directly（书面或口头的）信息，消息，音信◆I left a message on her answering machine.我在她的电话答录机上留言了。◆Victoria's not here at the moment. Can I take a message?维多利亚这会儿不在，要我给你传个话吗？◆The computer displays an error message when I try to run the program.我试着运行该程序时，电脑出现错误信息提示。■email ( e-mail) [countable, uncountable] a written message that you send from your computer to another person's computer over a network such as the Internet电子邮件；电邮◆I got an email from Andrew last week.我上周收到安德鲁的一封电子邮件。◆I have to check my email.我得查收一下电子邮件。▸email ( e-mail)
verb
[transitive] ◆David emailed me yesterday.戴维昨天给我发了电子邮件。◆I'll email the documents to her.我将用电邮把这些文件发给她。■mail [uncountable] the letters and packages which are sent and delivered by the postal system; messages that are sent or received on a computer邮件；信件；邮包；电子邮件◆There isn't much mail today.今天邮件不多。◆Is there a letter from them in the mail?邮包里有他们的来信吗？◆You've got mail.有你的信件。ⓘ In British English post is often used instead of mail to mean the letters and packages that sb sends and receives.在英式英语中，常用post而非mail来表示收发的信件和邮包。 see also mail ⇨ sendverb1■note [countable] a short informal letter短笺；便条◆Just a quick note to say thank you for a wonderful evening.仅以此短笺感谢您让我度过了一个美好夜晚。◆I left a note for Judith on her desk.我在朱迪丝的书桌上留了个便条。◆It is suspicious that he did not leave a suicide note.他没有留下遗书，这一点很可疑。■memo / /ˈmeməʊ; NAmEˈmemoʊ/ ( formalmemorandum /ˌmeməˈrændəm/ / ) (pluralmemoranda / /ˌmeməˈrændə/ / ) [countable] an official note from one person to another in the same organization备忘录◆The confidential memo was leaked to the press.那份机密备忘录被人泄露给了媒体。■fax [uncountable, countable] a system for sending documents in electronic form along telephone wires, using a special machine that sends, receives and prints the documents; a document sent by fax传真（系统）；传真文件◆a fax machine传真机◆Can you send it to me by fax?你能把它传真给我吗？◆What is your fax number?你的传真号码是多少？◆Did you get my fax?你收到我的传真了吗？▸fax
verb
[transitive] ◆Can you fax me the latest version?你能把最新版本传真给我吗？◆Can you fax it to me?你能把它传真给我吗？■text ( ˈtext message) [countable] a written message that you send using a mobile phone（手机）短信；短讯；简讯◆Send a text to this number to vote.请发短信到此号码参加投票。▸text ( ˈtext-message)
verb
[transitive] ◆I texted him to say we were waiting at the hotel.我发短信告诉他我们在酒店等候。■post [uncountable] (BrE) mail邮件；信件；邮包◆The book arrived in the morning post.这本书是上午邮递送来的。 see also post ⇨ sendverb1■communication [countable] (formal) a message, letter or telephone call信息；书信；电话◆If you no longer wish to receive communications from us, follow the instructions at the bottom of the email.如果你不想再收到我们的信息，请按照电邮底部的说明去做。 see also communication ⇨ communication, communicate ⇨ convey, communicate ⇨ talk■correspondence [uncountable] (ratherformal) the letters a person sends and receives来往信件；往来书信◆The editor welcomes correspondence from readers on any subject.编辑欢迎读者就任何问题来信。◆the correspondence column / page(= in a newspaper)读者来信专栏 see also correspondence ⇨ communication
literature
noun
literature ♦︎ text ♦︎ writingThese are all words for the written material that is contained in books.这些词均表示书籍中的文本、资料。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆literature / writing on sth◆publish literature / text / writing◆feminist / scientific / English literature / writing◆to read literature / text◆a piece of literature / text / writing■literature [uncountable] pieces of writing that are valued as works of art, especially novels, plays and poems (in contrast to technical books and newspapers, magazines, etc.); pieces of writing or printed information on a particular subject文学；文学作品；（某学科的）文献，著作，资料◆Milton's 'Paradise Lost' is one of the great works of literature.弥尔顿的《失乐园》是一部文学巨著。◆sales / promotional literature促销／广告宣传资料◆I've read all the available literature on keeping parrots.我阅读了能够找到的关于鹦鹉饲养的所有资料。■text [uncountable] the main printed part of a book or magazine, not the notes, pictures, etc; any form of written material（书籍或杂志的）正文；文本；文档◆My job is to lay out the text and graphics on the page.我的工作是设计页面上的正文和图表。◆Highlight the area of text on screen and press the 'delete' key.选中屏幕上的文本区域，然后按删除键。 see also textbook ⇨ book, text ⇨ script■writing [uncountable] books, articles or sth that has been written or printed; words that have been written or painted on sth著作；文章；文字作品；（书写或印刷的）文字◆The class takes a student-centred approach to creative writing.这门课采用以学生为中心的方法教授文学创作。◆There was writing all over the desk.书桌上写满了字。 see also writings ⇨ worknoun4, write ⇨ write2
script
noun
script ♦︎ text ♦︎ manuscript ♦︎ line ♦︎ lyrics ♦︎ score ♦︎ screenplay ♦︎ librettoThese words all mean the written form of sth such as a speech, a play or a piece of music.这些词均表示演讲稿、剧本或乐谱。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in the script / text / manuscript / line / lyrics / score / screenplay / libretto◆the original / full script / text / manuscript / score◆a film script / score / screenplay◆to write a script / the text / a manuscript / the line / the lyrics / the score / a screenplay / a libretto◆to read the script / text / manuscript / line / lyrics / score / screenplay◆the script / text / lyrics / screenplay is / are based on sth■script / /skrɪpt/ / [countable] the written form of a film, play, broadcast or speech（电影或戏剧的）剧本；广播稿；演讲稿◆That line isn't in the original script.原剧本中没有那句台词。▸script
verb
[transitive, often passive] ◆The series was scripted to appeal to an international audience.这部连续剧的剧本是为吸引国际观众而写的。■text [countable] the exact written form of a speech, a play or an article演讲稿；剧本；文稿◆The newspaper had printed the full text of the president's speech.报纸上刊登了总统演讲的全文。◆Can you act out this scene without referring to the text?你不看剧本能演这场戏吗？ see also text ⇨ book, text ⇨ literature■manuscript / /ˈmænjuskrɪpt/ / [countable] the original copy of a book, a play, an article or a piece of music before it is printed（书、剧本、文章或乐谱的）手稿，原稿◆I read her plays in manuscript.我读过她一些剧本的原稿。◆an unpublished manuscript未经发表的手稿■line [countable] the words spoken by an actor in a play or film（戏剧或电影的）台词，对白◆a line from the film 'Casablanca'电影《卡萨布兰卡》里的一句对白◆to study / learn your lines背诵台词■lyrics / /ˈlɪrɪks/ / [countable, plural] the words of a song歌词◆music and lyrics by Rodgers and Hart由罗杰斯和哈特作曲作词■score [countable] the written or printed form of a piece of music showing what each instrument is to play or what each voice is to sing总谱◆an orchestral score管弦乐总谱▸score
verb
[transitive, usually passive] ◆The piece is scored for violin, viola and cello.这个乐谱是为小提琴、中提琴和大提琴演奏而写的。■screenplay / /ˈskriːnpleɪ/ / [countable] the words that are written for a film, together with instructions for how it is to be acted and filmed电影剧本◆She won an Oscar for the movie's screenplay.她的电影剧本得过奥斯卡奖。■libretto /lɪˈbretəʊ; NAmElɪˈbretoʊ/ (plurallibrettosorlibretti) [countable] (music音乐) the words that are sung or spoken in an opera or musical(= a play or film in which the story is told using songs)（歌剧或音乐剧的）剧本，歌词◆The collection contains hundreds of Italian opera librettos.该选集收录了数百个意大利歌剧剧本。