| 例句 |
aim verb
⇨ aim (aim a gun at sb/sth) ⇨ intend (We aim to be there around six.) ⇨ be aimed at sth ⇨ design 2 (measures aimed at preventing crime) ⇨ be aimed at sb ⇨ focus (be aimed at a young audience)aim noun
⇨ purpose aim verb aim ♦︎ focus ♦︎ point ♦︎ direct ♦︎ turnThese words all mean to point or send sth in the direction of sb/sth. 这些词均表示对准、指向。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to aim / point / direct (sth) at sb / sth◆to focus / turn (sth) on sb / sth◆to aim / focus / point a camera◆to aim / focus / direct (a) light◆to aim / point / turn a gun at / on sb◆to aim / focus / point sth directly■ aim [intransitive, transitive] to point or send sth such as a weapon, shot, hit or kick at a particular person or place that you want to hit 瞄准；对准◆Aim for the middle of the target.瞄准靶心。◆The gun was aimed at her head.枪瞄准了她的头。▸ aim noun [uncountable] ◆The gunman took aim (= pointed his weapon) and fired.枪手瞄准后开枪。■ focus /ˈfəʊkəs; NAmE ˈfoʊkəs/ [intransitive, transitive](of your eyes or a camera) to adapt or be adjusted so that things can be seen clearly; to adjust your eyes, etc. so that you can see things clearly; to aim rays of light onto a particular point using a lens (= a curved piece of glass) （使）（眼睛或相机）调节焦距；聚焦；集中（光束）◆It took a few moments for her eyes to focus in the dark.过了一会儿她的眼睛才适应了黑暗。◆I quickly focused the camera on the children.我迅速把照相机镜头对准了孩子们。◆She used her glasses to focus the sun's rays on the twigs and spark a fire.她用眼镜把太阳光聚集到小树枝上生火。▸ focus noun [uncountable] ◆The children's faces are badly out of focus (= not clearly shown) in the photograph.照片上孩子们的脸模糊不清。◆The binoculars were not in focus (= were not showing things clearly).这副双筒望远镜的焦距不对。■ point [transitive] to aim sth at sb/sth, especially by holding it up in front of you （尤指把某物举到眼前）对准，瞄准◆He pointed the gun at her head.他举枪对准了她的头。◆A hundred camera lenses were being pointed at her.一百架相机镜头对着她。■ direct [transitive] to aim a weapon or light in a particular direction or at a particular person or thing 将（武器或光束）对准◆The machine directs a powerful beam at the affected part of the body.这台机器将很强的射线对准感染的身体部位。 see also direction ⇨ way 3 ■ turn [transitive, intransitive] to suddenly aim, and usually fire, a weapon at sb （突然）瞄准，对准（并开火）◆Police turned water cannon on the rioters.警察将高压水枪对准了闹事者。◆He turned the gun on himself.他把枪口对准了自己。 intend verb intend ♦︎ mean ♦︎ plan ♦︎ aim ♦︎ have sb/sth in mind ♦︎ proposeThese words all mean to have a plan, result or purpose in your mind when you do sth. 这些词均表示打算、计划、想要做。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to intend / mean / plan / aim / have in mind / propose to do sth◆to intend / propose doing sth◆sb originally intended / meant / planned sth◆to clearly / directly intend / aim to do sth■ intend [intransitive, transitive] to have a plan, result or purpose in your mind when you do sth 打算；计划；想要做◆We finished later than intended.我们完成的时间比原定的晚。◆I fully intended (= definitely intended) to pay for the damage.我确实诚心想赔偿损失。◆The writer clearly intends his readers to identify with the main character.作者显然想使读者能与主人公产生共鸣。◆ (BrE) I don't intend staying long.我不打算长期逗留。◆It is intended that production will start at the end of the month.计划月底将开始生产。◆The company intends a slow-down in expansion.公司准备放慢扩张速度。ⓘ Intend is often used in the present to talk about future plans. * intend常用于现在时指将来的计划◆He intends to retire at the end of this year.他打算今年年底退休。◆What do you intend to do now?你现在想做什么？When intend is used to talk about past events, it often describes sth which was planned or wanted but which did not happen. * intend指过去的事件时，常表示计划或希望的事没有发生◆They stayed much longer than they'd originally intended.他们逗留的时间比原定的长得多。◆She didn't intend to kill him (= but she did).她本来没打算杀死他。 see also intended ⇨ deliberate , intention ⇨ purpose ■ mean (meant, meant) [transitive] (especially spoken) to have sth as a purpose or intention in your mind when you do sth 打算；意欲；有⋯目的◆I've been meaning to call her, but I've been so busy lately.我一直想给她打电话，但我最近太忙了。◆I'm sorry I hurt you. I didn't mean to.对不起，我伤害了你。我不是故意的。◆ (especially BrE) You're meant to (= you are supposed to) pay before you go in.你要先交钱才能进去。◆Don't be upset－I'm sure he meant it as a compliment.别生气，我肯定他本意是要称赞你的。◆Don't laugh! I mean it (= I am serious).别笑！我是认真的。◆He means what he says (= is not joking, exaggerating, etc.).他说话是当真的。◆He means trouble (= to cause trouble).他存心捣乱。◆The chair was clearly meant for a child.这椅子显然是专为儿童预备的。ⓘ Mean is often used when sb does not in fact succeed in doing what they intended to do, or sth does not happen the way they intended. * mean常用以表示某人实际上没有做成原打算做的事，或某事没有按某人希望的那样发生。■ plan (-nn-) [intransitive, transitive] to have a clear idea in your mind about what you hope or expect to do, often when you have decided in detail how you will do it 打算；计划；精心安排◆We hadn't planned on going anywhere this evening.我们今晚没打算外出。◆They plan to arrive some time after three.他们预计在3点钟以后到达。◆We're planning a trip to France in the spring.我们计划春天去法国旅游。 see also plan ⇨ purpose ■ aim [intransitive, transitive] to try or plan to achieve a particular goal 力求达到；力争做到◆The government is aiming at a 50% reduction in unemployment.政府正力争减少50%的失业人数。◆We should aim for a bigger share of the market.我们应努力争取更大的市场份额。◆We aim to be there around six.我们力争6点钟左右到那里。 see also aim ⇨ purpose ■ have sb/sth in ˈmind idiom (had, had)to be thinking of sb/sth, especially for a particular purpose, job or activity 心中有适当人选（或想做的事情）◆Do you have anyone in mind for the job?你有没有想好什么人可以做这项工作？◆Watching TV all evening wasn't exactly what I had in mind!我才不想整个晚上看电视呢！◆I had (it) in mind to give you an overview first of all.我想首先给你们概述一下。■ propose [intransitive] (rather formal) to intend to do sth in the future 打算；希冀；计划◆What do you propose to do now?你现在打算做什么？◆How do you propose getting home?你打算怎么回家？ design2 verb design a kitchen/poster 设计厨房／海报instruments designed for use in cold conditions 专供为寒冷环境下使用的仪器design ♦︎ be aimed at sth ♦︎ be intended for/as/to be/to do sth ♦︎ meanThese verbs all mean to make or plan sb/sth for a particular purpose, aim or role. 这些词均表示意欲做某事。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be designed / intended / meant for / as sth◆to be designed / intended / meant to be / do sth◆to be clearly designed for / aimed at / intended for / meant to be sth◆to be specifically / primarily / mainly / principally / largely designed for / aimed at / intended for sth■ design [transitive, usually passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to make, plan or intend sth for a particular purpose （为特定目的）制造，设计；意欲◆The method is specifically designed for use with small groups.这方法是专为小组活动设计的。◆These classes are primarily designed as an introduction to the subject.这些课主要作为该学科的入门课程而开设。◆The programme is designed to help people who have been out of work for a long time.这项计划的目的是帮助长期失业者。■ be aimed at sth phrase to have sth as an aim 目的是；旨在◆These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime.这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。■ be intended for sth■ be intended as sth■ be intended to be sth■ be intended to do sth phrase to be planned or designed for a particular purpose or group of people （为特定目的或群体）计划，设计◆The book is intended for children.这本书是为儿童写的。◆The notes are intended as an introduction to the classes.这些注释旨在介绍这些课程。◆The programme was intended to encourage more local involvement in education.该计划目的在于鼓励当地人在教育问题上更加投入。■ mean (meant, meant) [transitive, usually passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to plan, intend or expect sb/sth to be sth or to do sth particular 打算；意欲；想要⋯成为；想要（某人）做◆The house was clearly meant to be a family home.这所房子显然要用作家庭住宅。◆ (especially BrE) His father meant him to be an engineer.他父亲想让他当工程师。◆I was never meant for the army (= did not have the qualities needed to become a soldier).我根本就不是当兵的料。◆Philip and Kim were meant for each other (= are very suitable as partners).菲利普和金真是天生一对。 focus verb focus ♦︎ target ♦︎ direct ♦︎ be aimed at sb ♦︎ turn ♦︎ address ♦︎ orient ♦︎ pitchThese words all mean to give attention or a message to one particular person or group of people rather than another. 这些词均表示关注或针对特定的人或群体。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to focus / target / turn sth on sb / sth◆to target sth / direct sth / be aimed / pitch sth at sb / sth◆to target / direct / orient sth towards sb / sth◆to turn / address / orient sth to sb / sth◆efforts / resources / campaigns are focused on / targeted at / directed at sb / sth◆attention is focused on / directed at / turned to sb / sth◆research is focused on / directed at / oriented towards sth◆sth is focused on / targeted at a / directed at / an group / area◆primarily focused on / targeted at / directed at / aimed at / addressed to / oriented towards / pitched at sb / sth◆particularly focused on / targeted at / directed at / aimed at / oriented towards / pitched at sb / sth◆specifically focused on / targeted at / directed at / aimed at / addressed to / oriented towards sb / sth◆principally targeted at / directed at / aimed at / addressed to / oriented towards sb / sth◆directly focused on / targeted at / aimed at / addressed to / pitched at sb / sth◆mainly / clearly focused on / targeted at / directed at / aimed at sb / sth■ focus [intransitive, transitive] to give attention, effort, time etc. to one particular person, thing or situation rather than another 关注；注重；重点在于◆The discussion focused on three main issues.讨论集中在三个主要问题上。◆Schools should not focus exclusively on exam results.学校不应该只注重考试成绩。◆I was finding it hard to focus my mind properly.我发现很难好好地集中精神。◆The visit helped to focus world attention on the plight of the refugees.这次访问促使全世界关注难民的困境。◆Much recent concern has been focused upon sea level rises.最近很多人都在关注海平面上涨的问题。◆Where do you really wish to focus your time and energy?你到底想要把时间和精力放在什么地方？■ target [transitive, often passive] to try to help or influence a particular group of people, especially by offering a product or service designed for them 把（专门设计的产品或服务）面向，对准◆The booklet is targeted at people approaching retirement.这本小册子的读者对象是临近退休的人。◆We target our services towards specific groups of people.我们的服务针对特定人群。◆This hospital is targeted for additional funding.这家医院旨在获得额外的资金。■ direct [transitive] (always used with a preposition 总是与介词连用) to say or do sth that is intended to influence, affect or deal with a particular person, group, situation or issue 针对◆Was that remark directed at me?那话是冲着我来的吗？◆Most of his anger was directed against himself.他主要是生自己的气。◆There are three main issues we need to direct our attention to.我们需要注意的有三个主要问题。■ be aimed at sb phrase (of a product, service or remark) to be directed at a particular person or group of people （产品、服务或言论）针对，对象是◆The book is aimed at very young children.这本书的读者对象是幼童。◆My criticism wasn't aimed at you.我的批评不是针对你。■ turn [transitive, intransitive] to give attention to a particular person, subject or situation, especially after attention has been on sb/sth else 把注意力转向（特定的人、主题或情况）◆She looked at him, then turned her attention back to me.她看了看他，然后又把注意力转回到我的身上。◆Don't turn your anger on the children.别朝孩子撒气。◆His thoughts turned to his dead wife.他想起了自己过世的妻子。■ address [transitive] (formal) to say or write sth directly to a particular person 向⋯说话；针对⋯而写◆I was surprised when he addressed me in English.他用英语跟我说话，我很诧异。◆Any questions should be addressed to your teacher.任何问题都应该向你的老师求教。◆The book is addressed to the general reader.这本书是写给普通读者的。■ orient / /ˈɔːrient/ / (BrE also orientate / /ˈɔːriənteɪt/ / ) [transitive, usually passive] to make sb/sth give more interest, attention or effort towards a particular subject, person or situation; to make or adapt sb/sth for a particular purpose 以⋯为方向；以⋯为目的；使适应◆Our students are oriented towards science subjects.我们的学生是理科方向的。◆We run a commercially oriented operation.我们经营一个商业性企业。■ pitch [transitive, often passive] (rather informal, especially business 尤用于商业) to aim a product or a service at a particular group of people 使（产品或服务）针对，面向；确定⋯的销售对象（或目标市场）◆The new software is being pitched at banks.这种新软件以银行为目标市场。◆Orange juice is being pitched as an athlete's drink.橙汁正作为运动员饮料进行推销。 purpose noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ target 另见target条purpose ♦︎ aim ♦︎ intention ♦︎ plan ♦︎ point ♦︎ idea ♦︎ intentThese are all words for talking about what sb/sth intends to do or achieve. 这些词均表示意图、目标。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆with the purpose / aim / intention / idea / intent of doing sth◆sb's purpose / aim / intention / plan / intent that...◆sb's intention / plan / intent to do sth◆sb / sth's original purpose / aim / intention / plan / idea / intent◆a specific purpose / aim / intention / plan / intent◆the whole point / idea◆to have a purpose / an aim / an intention / a plan / a point / an intent◆to state your purpose / aim / intention◆to declare your aim / intention / intent◆to achieve / fulfil a purpose / an aim■ purpose [countable] what sth is supposed to achieve; what sb is trying to achieve 意图；目的；目标◆The main purpose of the campaign is to raise money.这次活动的主要目的是募集资金。◆A meeting was called for the purpose of appointing a new treasurer.为任命新的财务主管召开了一次会议。◆ (rather formal) He did not want anything to distract him from his purpose.他不想让任何事情转移他的注意力，使他偏离自己的目标。■ aim [countable] what sb is trying to achieve; what sth is supposed to achieve 目的；目标；意图◆She went to London with the aim of finding a job.她抱着想找份工作的目的去了伦敦。◆Our main aim is to increase sales in Europe.我们的主要目标是增加欧洲的销售额。◆She set out the company's aims and objectives in her speech.她在讲话中阐明了公司的目标和宗旨。 see also aim ⇨ intend verb NOTE 辨析 Purpose or aim?Your purpose for doing something is your reason for doing it; your aim is what you want to achieve. Aim can suggest that you are only trying to achieve sth; purpose gives a stronger sense of achievement being certain. Aim can be sb's aim or the aim of sth. Purpose is more usually the purpose of sth: you can talk about sb's purpose but that is more formal. * purpose指做某事的原因，aim指想取得的成果。aim可能表示“只是努力想做到”，而purpose则意味着更强的达成目标的信心。可以说sb's aim，也可以说the aim of sth。the purpose of sth较常见，也可以说sb's purpose，但较正式。■ intention [countable] what you intend to do 意图；计划；打算◆I have no intention of going to the wedding.我无意去参加婚礼。◆He has announced his intention to retire.他宣布了退休的打算。◆I have every intention of paying her back what I owe her.我一心想把我欠她的还给她。◆She's full of good intentions but they rarely work out.她虽然处处出于善意，但往往事与愿违。 see also intend ⇨ intend ■ plan [countable] what you intend to do or achieve 计划；打算◆Do you have any plans for the summer?这个夏天你有什么打算吗？◆There are no plans to build new offices.没有建新办公楼的计划。◆There's been a change of plan.计划有变。◆We can't change our plans now.我们现在不能改变计划了。 see also plan ⇨ plan noun 1 , plan ⇨ intend verb NOTE 辨析 Intention or plan?Your intentions are what you want to do, especially in the near future; your plans are what you have decided or arranged to do, often, but not always, in the longer term. * intention指想要做的事，尤指近期打算；plan指已经决定或安排去做的事情，常常是长期的计划，但是也有例外。■ point [uncountable, singular] (rather informal, usually disapproving) the purpose or aim of sth 意图；目的；理由◆What's the point of all this violence?这一切的暴力行为有什么意义？◆There's no point in getting angry.发火是没有用的。◆I don't see the point of doing it all again.我就不明白，再做一次有什么意义。■ idea [singular] (rather informal) the purpose of sth; sb's aim 意图；目标◆The whole idea of going was so that we could meet her new boyfriend.去的唯一目的是我们能见到她的新男友。◆What's the idea of all this?这一切的目的是什么？◆My original idea was to use amateur actors.我原本打算用业余演员。NOTE 辨析 Point or idea? Point is a more negative word than idea. If you say What's the point...? you are suggesting that there is no point; if you say What's the idea...? you are genuinely asking a question. Point, but not idea, is used to talk about things you feel annoyed or unhappy about. * point比idea多几分否定意义。What's the point ...?表示做某事毫无道理，What's the idea ...?则是真正的询问。point用于描述让人生气或不快的事情，但idea则不行◆There's no idea in... ◆I don't see the idea of... You might miss the point of sth (= fail to understand) but get the idea (= understand). You can talk about the point/idea of sth or sb's idea but not sb's point. * miss the point of sth意为“不明白”，get the idea意为“理解”。可以说the point/idea of sth，也可以说sb's idea，但不能说sb's point◆My original point was to use amateur actors. ■ intent / /ɪnˈtent/ / [uncountable] (formal or law 法律) what you intend to do 意图；目的◆She denies possessing the drug with intent to supply.她否认藏有毒品是为了供他人使用。◆He was charged with wounding with intent.他被指控故意伤人。 |