turn verb ⇨turn1 (turn your head away)⇨turn2 (turn sb into a frog)⇨aim (turn a gun on sb)⇨become (turn brown/cold/sour)⇨curve (The road turns east.)⇨focus (turn your attention to sth)⇨spin (turn the wheel)turn noun ⇨corner (make a left turn)⇨junction (take the next turn)⇨opportunity (Wait your turn.)
turn1
verb
turn away/turn your head away转头；扭头turn sb into a frog把某人变成一只青蛙turn left/the cornerturn ♦︎ turn (sb/sth) around/round ♦︎ swing ♦︎ twist ♦︎ spin ♦︎ wheel ♦︎ whirl ♦︎ swivel ♦︎ pivotThese words all mean to move your body or part of your body in order to face another direction.这些词均表示转身、扭转身体部位。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to turn / swing / twist / spin / wheel / whirl / swivel / pivot around / round◆to turn / swing / spin / wheel / whirl / swivel back / away◆to turn / turn around / swing / spin / whirl / swivel / pivot on sth◆to turn / twist / swivel your head◆to turn / turn around / swing / twist / spin / wheel / whirl around / swivel to face sb / sth◆to turn / turn around / swing / spin / wheel / whirl suddenly◆to turn / turn around / swing / spin / wheel sharply / quickly◆to turn / turn around / twist slowly■turn [intransitive, transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to move your body or part of your body in order to face or start moving in a different direction转身；扭转（身体部位）◆We turned and headed for home.我们转身朝家走去。◆He turned back to his work.他转过身继续工作。◆Anne flushed and turned her head away.安妮脸一红，把头扭向别处。◆While his back was turned I sneaked a look at his notes.他背过身时我偷看了一下他的笔记。■ˌturn aˈround■ˌturn ˈround■ˌturn sb/sth aˈround■ˌturn sb/sth ˈround
phrasal verb
to change position or direction in order to face the other way; to make sb/sth do this（使）翻身，转身，翻转◆Turn around and let me look at you.转过身让我看看你。◆Turn your chair round.把你的椅子转过来。ⓘ In turn around/round and the other verbs in this group, round is used especially in British English, and around especially in American English.在turn around/round和本组其他动词中，round尤用于英式英语，around尤用于美式英语。■swing(swung, swung) [intransitive, transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to turn or change direction suddenly; to make sb/sth do this（使）突然转向，突然转身◆The bus swung sharply to the left.公共汽车猛地拐向左边。◆She swung around angrily, her eyes blazing.她生气地转过身，两眼怒火中烧。◆He swung the car round in a dangerous U-turn.他不顾危险一下子将车180度回转。■twist [intransitive, transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to turn part of your body around while the rest stays still扭转，转动（身体部位）◆She twisted in her chair to look.她坐在椅子上扭身来看。◆Hold your arms out to the sides and twist your upper body.保持双臂伸向两侧，转动上半身。■spin [intransitive, transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to turn around quickly once; to make sb/sth do this（使）急转身，猛转回头，急转弯◆She spun on her heel and walked out.她把脚后跟一转，走了出去。◆He spun the child roughly around.他粗暴地将孩子的身子扭过来。■wheel [intransitive, transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) (written) to turn quickly or suddenly to face the opposite direction; to make sb/sth do this（使）迅速转身，猛然转身◆Jim wheeled back to face me.吉姆猛地回过身来，面对着我。◆He wheeled his horse around.他突然掉转马头。■whirl / /wɜːl; NAmEwɜːrl/ [intransitive, transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) (written) to turn quickly or suddenly to face the opposite direction; to make sb do this（使）迅速转身，猛然转身◆She whirled on him, furious.她突然转身，愤怒地对着他。◆He grasped her wrist and whirled her back to face him.他抓住她的手腕，猛地把她扭过身来面对着他。ⓘ In this meaning whirl is only used about people; they are usually acting under a strong emotion, especially anger.表达此义时，whirl仅用于人，通常是人在强烈情绪下，尤其是生气时的动作。■swivel /ˈswɪvl/ / (-ll-, NAmE-l-) [intransitive, transitive] (written) to turn or move your body, eyes or head around quickly to face another direction转身；转动（身体、眼睛或头）◆He swivelled around to look at her.他转过身来看着她。◆I swivelled my head to peer at him.我转过头端详着他。■pivot / /ˈpɪvət/ / [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to turn or balance on a central point（使）在枢轴上旋转（或平衡）◆He pivoted on one foot and threw the ball to Gary.他单脚支撑转身，将球投给加里。◆The mechanism pivots around a central point.那个机械装置沿着中轴转动。
turn2
verb
turn away/turn your head away转头；扭头turn sb into a frog把某人变成一只青蛙turn left/the cornerturn ♦︎ transform ♦︎ convert ♦︎ change ♦︎ translate ♦︎ evolve ♦︎ mutate ♦︎ metamorphoseThese words all mean to change in appearance or character, or to make the appearance or character of sth change.这些词均表示外观或性质发生改变，或使之改变。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to turn / transform sth / convert / change / translate / evolve / mutate / metamorphose into sth◆to turn / transform sth / convert / change / evolve / mutate / metamorphose from sth into sth◆to turn / transform sth / convert / change / evolve / mutate rapidly (into sth)◆to turn / transform sth / convert / change / evolve quickly / slowly / gradually (into sth)◆to turn / transform sth / change suddenly / miraculously / overnight (into sth)◆to transform / convert / change sth completely◆to easily / automatically turn / transform sth / convert / change / translate (into sth)■turn [intransitive, transitive] (always used with into or from and to总是与into、from和to连用) to change into sb/sth different; to make sb/sth change into sth different（使）变成，成为◆The natural sugars turn into alcohol during brewing.天然糖分在酿造过程中变成酒精。◆The problem turned into an advantage.那个困难转而成了优势。◆The leaves gradually turn from green to orange.叶子逐渐从绿变橘黄。◆There are plans to turn the old station into a hotel.有将旧车站改成旅馆的计划。ⓘ In fairy stories, a person who is able to do magic might turn sb into sth.童话故事中，turn sb into sth可指会施魔法的人将某人变成别的东西◆With a wave of her wand, she turned him into a frog.她魔杖一挥，将他变成了一只青蛙。In everyday English, sb might turn into, or circumstances might turn sb into a criminal, a gambler, a tyrant, a hero or a film star; or people might turn a building into a hotel or a house into a home. You can also use turn into sth or turn sth into sth when you are describing the way a situation changes, or people change a situation.在日常英语中，可以说sb turn into，也可以说环境turn sb into a criminal/gambler/tyrant/hero/film star，指某人成为或受环境影响而变成罪犯、赌徒、暴君、英雄或影星。还可以说turn a building into a hotel（将建筑变成旅馆）或turn a house into a home（将房子变成家）。也可用turn into sth或turn sth into sth描述情况发生变化或人为改变了情况◆What began as a minor disagreement has turned into a major crisis.开始的小分歧已经变成大危机。◆I managed to turn the whole thing into a joke.我尽量做到对整件事一笑置之。■transform [transitive] to completely change the appearance or character of sth, especially so that it is better; to change the form of sth使（外观或性质）彻底改变（尤指变好）；使（形态）转变◆A new colour scheme will transform your bedroom.新的配色将使你的卧室焕然一新。◆It was an event that would transform my life.那是一件能彻底改变我一生的事。◆The photochemical reactions transform the light into electrical impulses.光化反应使光变为电脉冲。ⓘ In everyday English, transform usually suggests that the change has been particularly dramatic; in scientific contexts transform does not necessarily refer to a dramatic change.在日常用语中，transform通常意味着发生富有戏剧性的变化；在科学语境中，transform并不一定指发生戏剧性的变化。▸transformation /ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃn; NAmEˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃn/
noun
[countable, uncountable] (especiallywritten) ◆The country's transformation from dictatorship to democracy has been peaceful.这个国家从独裁向民主的转型是和平进行的。◆What a transformation! You look great.真是判若两人！你看上去棒极了。■convert /kənˈvɜːt; NAmEkənˈvɜːrt/ [transitive, intransitive] to change or make sth change from one form, purpose or system to another; to be able to be changed from one form, purpose, or system to another（使在形态、用途或系统上）转变，转换，转化；可转变为◆The hotel is going to be converted into a nursing home.那家旅馆将被改建成私人疗养院。◆Hot water is converted to electricity by a turbine.涡轮将热水转变成电能。◆We've converted from coal to gas central heating.我们已由燃煤改换成燃气集中供暖。◆We need a sofa that converts into a bed.我们需要一个可改作床用的沙发。ⓘ Convert is often used to talk about changing old buildings to make them suitable for people to live in. * convert常指改变旧建筑物，使其适合人居住◆to convert a church / farm buildings / a barn / a house / stables / a mill (into sth)改建教堂／农场建筑／谷仓／房子／马厩／工厂（成⋯）◆They live in a converted church / barn / mill.他们住在一个由教堂／谷仓／工厂改建而成的房子里。Convert is often used without an object to talk about changing from one type of service to another. * convert常不带宾语，指从一种服务类型转向另一种◆All homes must convert to digital TV by 2012, when the analogue signal will be switched off.到2012年，所有家庭必须转为使用数字电视，届时模拟信号将会关闭。It is also used to talk about changing money from one currency to another, or changing the way money is held. * convert亦可指兑换货币或改变持有金钱的方式◆to convert securities into shares将证券转换成股票 see also conversion ⇨ changenoun2, convertible ⇨ flexible1■change [intransitive, transitive] (always used with into or from and to总是与into、from和to连用) to pass or make sb/sth pass from one state or form into another（使状态或形态）变换，改变，变成◆Caterpillars change into butterflies.毛虫变成蝴蝶。◆The lights changed from red to green.交通灯已由红变绿。◆With a wave of her wand, she changed the frog into a handsome prince.她魔杖一挥，把青蛙变成了英俊的王子。NOTE辨析 Turn or change?Change is only used in cases where sth changes naturally, automatically or by magic (although you can also use turn in these cases). Change is not usually used when people use their effort or skill to change one thing or situation into sth different, or when circumstances change a situation. * change仅用于某物自然、自动或被施魔法而变化的情形（尽管在这些情况下也可使用turn）。人们经过努力或用技能达成改变或环境改变某种情况时，通常不用change◆There are plans to change the old station into a hotel.◆I managed to change the whole thing into a joke.◆A minor disagreement has changed into a major crisis.■translate [transitive, intransitive] (ratherformal) to change sth, or to be changed, into a different form使转变；变为◆It's time to translate words into action.是把言语化为行动的时候了。◆I hope all the hard work will translate into profits.我希望所有的辛勤劳动都会有回报。◆Most attempts to translate Shakespeare to the small screen(= television) are not successful.通过电视演绎莎士比亚作品的尝试大多不成功。ⓘ Translate is often used when people are talking about wanting to get good results. * translate常用于人们希望改变以取得好结果的情形◆You need to translate your ideas into practice / your enthusiasm into success.你需要将你的想法付诸实践／将你的热情转化为成功。It is also often used when people are talking about how easy or difficult it is to produce the same thing using a different medium, for example producing a play (which is meant for the theatre) on television, or about adopting a system in a different place. * translate亦常用于人们谈论用不同的方法制作同样东西的难易，例如将一部舞台剧搬上电视荧屏，或将某制度搬到另一地◆I'm not sure how well the American system would translate to a European context.我不知道美国的制度在欧洲的环境下是否合适。■evolve /iˈvɒlv; NAmEiˈvɑːlv/ [intransitive, transitive] (biology生物) (of plants or animals) to develop gradually over many generations from a simple form to a more complicated one（动植物）进化，进化形成◆The three species evolved from a single ancestor.这三个物种是从同一祖先进化而来的。◆The dolphin has evolved a highly developed jaw.海豚已经进化形成高度发达的下颌。 see also evolve ⇨ develop1▸evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn, ˌevəˈluːʃn/
noun
[uncountable] ◆the evolution of the human species人类的进化■mutate /mjuːˈteɪt; NAmEˈmjuːteɪt/ [intransitive, transitive] (biology生物orwritten) to develop or make sth develop a new form or structure, because of a genetic change; to change into a new form（因基因变化而）使变异，使突变；转变；转换◆We are studying the ability of the virus to mutate into new forms.我们正在研究病毒变种的能力。◆Scientists have been able to replace the mutated gene with a normal one.科学家已经能做到用正常基因替换变异的基因。◆Rhythm and blues mutated into rock and roll.节奏蓝调演变成了摇滚乐。ⓘ A genetic change is one that is connected with the units in the cells of a living thing that control its physical characteristics. Mutate is used by writers, either to describe a gradual change into sth unpleasant * genetic change指遗传基因的改变。mutate是书面用语，一是用来描述逐渐朝令人不悦的方向转变◆to mutate into a monster / a writhing, biting snake / rotting vegetation变成怪物／扭动着咬人的蛇／腐烂的植物or to describe a change that seems to take place gradually by itself, often in a strange or unexplained way.二是用来描述怪异而无从解释的自身的逐渐改变◆Memories had mutated into bizarre myths.回忆已经变成离奇的神话。▸mutation
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆These cells have been affected by mutation.这些细胞已经受到突变的影响。◆The disease is caused by genetic mutations.这种疾病是由基因突变所致。■metamorphose /ˌmetəˈmɔːfəʊz; NAmEˌmetəˈmɔːrfoʊz/ [intransitive] (formal) to change into sth completely different, especially over a period of time（尤指经过一段时间）发生质变，蜕变◆The caterpillar will eventually metamorphose into a butterfly.毛虫最终将蜕变成蝴蝶。◆She had metamorphosed from an awkward schoolgirl into a beautiful woman.她从一个笨拙别扭的女生蜕变成美女。▸metamorphosis
noun
[countable, uncountable] ◆ (formal) We studied the metamorphosis of a caterpillar into a butterfly.我们研究了从毛虫到蝴蝶的蜕变。
aim
verb
aim ♦︎ focus ♦︎ point ♦︎ direct ♦︎ turnThese words all mean to point or send sth in the direction of sb/sth.这些词均表示对准、指向。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to aim / point / direct (sth) at sb / sth◆to focus / turn (sth) on sb / sth◆to aim / focus / point a camera◆to aim / focus / direct (a) light◆to aim / point / turn a gun at / on sb◆to aim / focus / point sth directly■aim [intransitive, transitive] to point or send sth such as a weapon, shot, hit or kick at a particular person or place that you want to hit瞄准；对准◆Aim for the middle of the target.瞄准靶心。◆The gun was aimed at her head.枪瞄准了她的头。▸aim
noun
[uncountable] ◆The gunman took aim(= pointed his weapon) and fired.枪手瞄准后开枪。■focus /ˈfəʊkəs; NAmEˈfoʊkəs/ [intransitive, transitive](of your eyes or a camera) to adapt or be adjusted so that things can be seen clearly; to adjust your eyes, etc. so that you can see things clearly; to aim rays of light onto a particular point using a lens(= a curved piece of glass)（使）（眼睛或相机）调节焦距；聚焦；集中（光束）◆It took a few moments for her eyes to focus in the dark.过了一会儿她的眼睛才适应了黑暗。◆I quickly focused the camera on the children.我迅速把照相机镜头对准了孩子们。◆She used her glasses to focus the sun's rays on the twigs and spark a fire.她用眼镜把太阳光聚集到小树枝上生火。▸focus
noun
[uncountable] ◆The children's faces are badly out of focus(= not clearly shown) in the photograph.照片上孩子们的脸模糊不清。◆The binoculars were not in focus(= were not showing things clearly).这副双筒望远镜的焦距不对。■point [transitive] to aim sth at sb/sth, especially by holding it up in front of you（尤指把某物举到眼前）对准，瞄准◆He pointed the gun at her head.他举枪对准了她的头。◆A hundred camera lenses were being pointed at her.一百架相机镜头对着她。■direct [transitive] to aim a weapon or light in a particular direction or at a particular person or thing将（武器或光束）对准◆The machine directs a powerful beam at the affected part of the body.这台机器将很强的射线对准感染的身体部位。 see also direction ⇨ way3■turn [transitive, intransitive] to suddenly aim, and usually fire, a weapon at sb（突然）瞄准，对准（并开火）◆Police turned water cannon on the rioters.警察将高压水枪对准了闹事者。◆He turned the gun on himself.他把枪口对准了自己。
become
linking verb
become ♦︎ get ♦︎ go ♦︎ grow ♦︎ come ♦︎ turnThese verbs all mean to start to be sth or to change from one state or condition to another.这些动词均表示开始变得、变成。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to get / grow / come to know / like sb / sth◆to become / get / grow / turn cold / warm / chilly◆to become / get / grow fat / old◆to become / get / grow angry / hungry / tired◆to become / get annoyed / confused / involved / worried◆to become / get / grow used / accustomed to sth◆to become / get engaged / pregnant◆to become / go / turn red / white / blue, etc.◆to become / go blind / crazy / mad◆to become / come loose◆to go / turn bad / sour■become(became, become)to start to be sth开始变得；变成◆She was becoming confused.她开始糊涂了。◆It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary.靠他的工资越来越难以维持生计了。◆She became queen in 1952.她于1952年登基为女王。◆The bill will become law next year.该议案将于明年成为法律。■get(getting, got, got; NAmEspokengetting, got, gotten)to reach, or make sb/sth/yourself reach, a particular state or condition; to reach the point at which you feel, know, are, etc. sth（使）达到，进入；开始（感觉到、认识到、成为等）；达到⋯地步（或程度）◆You'll soon get used to the climate here.你很快会习惯这儿的气候。◆We ought to go; it's getting late.我们该走了，时候不早了。◆to get dressed / undressed(= to put your clothes on / take your clothes off)穿上／脱下衣服◆They plan to get married in the summer.他们打算夏天结婚。◆She's upstairs getting ready.她在楼上做准备。◆Don't get your dress dirty!别把你的连衣裙弄脏！◆She soon got the children ready for school.她很快就让孩子们准备好了去上学。◆You'll like her once you get to know her.你一旦了解她就会喜欢她。◆She's getting to be an old lady now.她现在都快成老太婆了。NOTE辨析 Become or get?Both these verbs can describe changes in sb's state or condition.这两个动词均可指人的状态或境况的改变◆to become / get tired / cold / angry / scared / pregnant / thin / old / better累了；变冷；生气了；害怕了；怀孕了；变瘦；变老；变好In general, become is more formal than get, and get is more frequent in spoken language. However, there are some cases where you can only use one of these words.一般来说，become较get正式，get较常用于口语中。不过，有些情况只能用其中的一个◆I became / got hungry / upset(= verb + adjective).我饿了；我心烦意乱起来。（在动词 + 形容词结构中，一般情况下用become或get均可）◆She became Queen / a teacher / a member of the club(= verb + noun).她成为了女王／教师／俱乐部的会员。（在动词 + 名词结构中，只能用become）◆She got Queen, etc.◆Don't get your dress dirty(= verb + noun + adjective)!别把你的连衣裙弄脏了！（在动词 + 名词 + 形容词结构中，只能用get）◆Don't become your dress dirty!◆It took me a long time to get to know her properly(= verb + to + infinitive).我花了很长时间才真正了解她。（在动词 + 带to不定式结构中，只能用get）◆to become to know herUse get for changes that are the result of deliberate actions by you or sb else.描述自己或他人有意的行为所带来的变化，用get◆to get dressed / married / divorced / killed / mugged / fired穿好衣服；结婚；离婚；被杀；遭到抢劫；被解雇◆to become dressed/married, etc.There are also some adjectives that you can only use with become (not get). These include adjectives connected with ability (able/unable/proficient/skilled), knowledge (aware, certain, convinced), availability (available, common, extinct, useful) and clarity (clear, obvious, evident, apparent).有些形容词只能与become而不能与get连用，这些形容词包括表示能力的able、unable、proficient和skilled，表示认知的aware、certain和convinced，表示可获性和可用度的available、common、extinct和useful，以及表示明晰的clear、obvious、evident和apparent。■go(goes, went, gone)to become different in a particular way, especially a bad way; to reach a particular state or condition（尤指朝坏的方面）变成，变为，变得；进入⋯状态；处于⋯状况◆Her hair is going grey.她的头发日渐花白。◆This milk has gone sour.这牛奶馊了。◆The children went wild with excitement.孩子们欣喜若狂。◆She went to sleep.她睡着了。◆That colour has gone out of fashion.那种颜色已经过时了。ⓘ Go is often used to talk about changes in colour (to go red/white/grey) and other, especially negative, changes (to go mad/bad/bald/crazy/wrong/bankrupt). * go常用以指颜色的变化和负面变化，如to go red/white/grey（变红；变白；变灰白）；to go mad/bad/bald/crazy/wrong/bankrupt（发疯；变坏；谢顶；发狂；出毛病；破产）。■grow(grew, grown)to begin to have a particular quality or feeling over a period of time; to gradually begin to do sth逐渐变得；逐渐成为；逐渐开始◆The skies grew dark and it began to rain.天渐渐黑了，下起雨来。◆As time went on he grew more and more impatient.时间久了，他越来越没有耐性。◆I'm sure you'll grow to like her in time.我肯定你会慢慢喜欢上她的。ⓘ Grow is used to talk about changes that happen over a period of time rather than suddenly. It is often used with comparative adjectives to show this gradual change. * grow指在一段时间内逐渐发生变化，而非突然变化。常与形容词比较级连用，以示渐变◆She suddenly grew angry.◆She grew braver with time.时间慢慢过去，她变得更勇敢了。■come(come, come)to become; to reach a point where you realize, understand or believe sth成为；变成；达到（认识、理解或相信的程度）◆The buttons had come undone.纽扣都松开了。◆Everything will come right in the end.一切最终都会好起来的。◆I've come to expect this kind of behaviour from him.对于他的这种举止我渐渐不感到意外了。NOTE辨析 Grow and comeIn this meaning, these two verbs are either followed by an adjective (come loose/grow calm), or by 'to' + infinitive (I came/grew to realize, understand, believe, etc.).表达此义时，这两个动词后接形容词或带to的不定式，如come loose/grow calm（松了；平静下来）；I came/grew to realize, understand, believe, etc.（我逐渐认识到／理解／相信等）。■turnto change into a particular state or condition; to make sth do this（使）变成，成为◆The leaves were turning brown.叶子变黄了。◆He turned nasty when we refused to give him the money.我们不给他钱时，他立刻露出凶相。◆She turned a deathly shade of white when she heard the news.她听到这个消息时面如死灰。◆He's a lawyer turned politician(= he used to be a lawyer but is now a politician).他以前是个律师，现在从政。ⓘ Turn is used to talk about colours * turn用来表示颜色变化◆to turn blue / red / white;变蓝；变红；变白about changes in the weather天气变化◆to turn cold / warm / chilly变得寒冷／温暖／阴冷and negative changes和负面变化◆to turn nasty / mean / sour / bad变得凶恶／卑鄙；馊了；变坏
curve
verb
curve ♦︎ turn ♦︎ wind ♦︎ snake ♦︎ bend ♦︎ twist ♦︎ arc ♦︎ zigzagThese words all mean to have a shape or move in a direction that is not straight.这些词均表示呈曲线形或沿曲线运动。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to curve / snake / wind / bend / twist around / round sth◆to curve / snake / wind / twist / arc / zigzag through / across sth◆to curve / turn / snake / wind / arc away (from sth)◆to curve / turn / wind / arc toward / towards sth◆to curve / turn / bend (to the) left / right / north / south, etc.◆the road / path curves / turns / snakes / winds / bends / twists / zigzags◆the river curves / turns / snakes / winds / bends◆to curve / turn / wind / bend / twist sharply / slightly■curve [intransitive, transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to move or make sth move in a long smooth bend; to have this shape（使）沿曲线运动；呈曲线形◆The ball curved through the air.球在空中沿曲线运动。◆The road curved around the bay.那条路沿海湾呈曲线延伸。◆His lips curved in a smile.他咧嘴笑了。◆A smile curved his lips.他咧嘴笑了。■turn [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) (of a road or river) to curve in a particular direction（道路或河流）转向，转弯◆The road turns to the left after the church.这条路过了教堂之后拐向左边。 see also turn ⇨ corner■wind / /waɪnd/ / (wound, wound) [intransitive, transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) (of a road, river or path) to have many bends and twists（道路、河流或小径）蜿蜒，曲折而行，迂回◆The path wound down to the beach.这条小路弯弯曲曲通向海滩。◆The river winds its way between two meadows.这条河从两个牧场之间蜿蜒流过。◆The walk follows a winding path through the forest.这条散步的小径弯弯曲曲从林间穿过。■snake [transitive, intransitive] (written) (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to move like a snake, in long twisting curves; to go in a particular direction in long twisting curves曲折前行；蛇行；蜿蜒伸展◆The procession snaked its way through narrow streets.队伍沿着狭窄街道曲折前行。◆The road snaked away into the distance.公路蜿蜒伸向远方。■bend(bent, bent) [intransitive, transitive] to change direction suddenly to form a curve or angle; to make sth change direction in this way（使）急拐弯，弯曲◆The road bent sharply to the right.路向右急转弯。◆Glass and water both bend light.玻璃和水都折光。 see also bend ⇨ corner■twist [intransitive](of a road or river) to bend and change direction often, especially in a way that makes it dangerous or difficult to travel（道路或河流）曲折，蜿蜒，盘旋（尤指使通行危险或艰难）◆The road twists and turns along the coast.道路沿着海滨蜿蜒曲折。◆From the cellar a twisting staircase leads down to the dungeon.一道盘梯从地窖向下通往地牢。 see also twist ⇨ corner■arc [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) (technical术语) to move in a long curved shape, especially through the air（尤指在空中）作弧形运动◆For a few seconds a perfect rainbow arced across the city.一道完美的彩虹呈弧状架在城市之上数秒钟。■zigzag / /ˈzɪgzæg/ / (-gg-) [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to move forward by making sharp sudden turns first to the left and then to the right曲折前进◆The narrow path zigzags up the cliff.狭窄的小路曲曲折折地沿悬崖而上。 see also zigzag ⇨ corner
focus
verb
focus ♦︎ target ♦︎ direct ♦︎ be aimed at sb ♦︎ turn ♦︎ address ♦︎ orient ♦︎ pitchThese words all mean to give attention or a message to one particular person or group of people rather than another.这些词均表示关注或针对特定的人或群体。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to focus / target / turn sth on sb / sth◆to target sth / direct sth / be aimed / pitch sth at sb / sth◆to target / direct / orient sth towards sb / sth◆to turn / address / orient sth to sb / sth◆efforts / resources / campaigns are focused on / targeted at / directed at sb / sth◆attention is focused on / directed at / turned to sb / sth◆research is focused on / directed at / oriented towards sth◆sth is focused on / targeted at a / directed at / an group / area◆primarily focused on / targeted at / directed at / aimed at / addressed to / oriented towards / pitched at sb / sth◆particularly focused on / targeted at / directed at / aimed at / oriented towards / pitched at sb / sth◆specifically focused on / targeted at / directed at / aimed at / addressed to / oriented towards sb / sth◆principally targeted at / directed at / aimed at / addressed to / oriented towards sb / sth◆directly focused on / targeted at / aimed at / addressed to / pitched at sb / sth◆mainly / clearly focused on / targeted at / directed at / aimed at sb / sth■focus [intransitive, transitive] to give attention, effort, time etc. to one particular person, thing or situation rather than another关注；注重；重点在于◆The discussion focused on three main issues.讨论集中在三个主要问题上。◆Schools should not focus exclusively on exam results.学校不应该只注重考试成绩。◆I was finding it hard to focus my mind properly.我发现很难好好地集中精神。◆The visit helped to focus world attention on the plight of the refugees.这次访问促使全世界关注难民的困境。◆Much recent concern has been focused upon sea level rises.最近很多人都在关注海平面上涨的问题。◆Where do you really wish to focus your time and energy?你到底想要把时间和精力放在什么地方？■target [transitive, often passive] to try to help or influence a particular group of people, especially by offering a product or service designed for them把（专门设计的产品或服务）面向，对准◆The booklet is targeted at people approaching retirement.这本小册子的读者对象是临近退休的人。◆We target our services towards specific groups of people.我们的服务针对特定人群。◆This hospital is targeted for additional funding.这家医院旨在获得额外的资金。■direct[transitive] (always used with a preposition总是与介词连用) to say or do sth that is intended to influence, affect or deal with a particular person, group, situation or issue针对◆Was that remark directed at me?那话是冲着我来的吗？◆Most of his anger was directed against himself.他主要是生自己的气。◆There are three main issues we need to direct our attention to.我们需要注意的有三个主要问题。■be aimed at sb
phrase
(of a product, service or remark) to be directed at a particular person or group of people（产品、服务或言论）针对，对象是◆The book is aimed at very young children.这本书的读者对象是幼童。◆My criticism wasn't aimed at you.我的批评不是针对你。■turn[transitive, intransitive] to give attention to a particular person, subject or situation, especially after attention has been on sb/sth else把注意力转向（特定的人、主题或情况）◆She looked at him, then turned her attention back to me.她看了看他，然后又把注意力转回到我的身上。◆Don't turn your anger on the children.别朝孩子撒气。◆His thoughts turned to his dead wife.他想起了自己过世的妻子。■address [transitive] (formal) to say or write sth directly to a particular person向⋯说话；针对⋯而写◆I was surprised when he addressed me in English.他用英语跟我说话，我很诧异。◆Any questions should be addressed to your teacher.任何问题都应该向你的老师求教。◆The book is addressed to the general reader.这本书是写给普通读者的。■orient / /ˈɔːrient/ / (BrE alsoorientate / /ˈɔːriənteɪt/ / ) [transitive, usually passive] to make sb/sth give more interest, attention or effort towards a particular subject, person or situation; to make or adapt sb/sth for a particular purpose以⋯为方向；以⋯为目的；使适应◆Our students are oriented towards science subjects.我们的学生是理科方向的。◆We run a commercially oriented operation.我们经营一个商业性企业。■pitch [transitive, often passive] (ratherinformal, especially business尤用于商业) to aim a product or a service at a particular group of people使（产品或服务）针对，面向；确定⋯的销售对象（或目标市场）◆The new software is being pitched at banks.这种新软件以银行为目标市场。◆Orange juice is being pitched as an athlete's drink.橙汁正作为运动员饮料进行推销。
spin
verb
spin ♦︎ turn ♦︎ circle ♦︎ rotate ♦︎ revolve ♦︎ roll ♦︎ orbit ♦︎ whirl ♦︎ go around/round (sth) ♦︎ swivel ♦︎ twist ♦︎ twirlThese words all mean to move around a central point or to make sth do this.这些词均表示旋转、转动、转圈。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to spin / turn / circle / rotate / revolve / roll / orbit / whirl around / round (sth)◆to spin / turn / rotate / revolve / swivel on sth◆to spin / turn / rotate / whirl faster (and faster)◆to spin / turn / rotate rapidly / quickly◆to spin / turn / circle / rotate / revolve / orbit / twist / twirl (sth) slowly■spin(spinning, spun, spun) [intransitive, transitive] to turn round and round quickly; to make sth do this快速旋转；使快速旋转◆The dancers spun round and round.那些舞蹈演员一圈又一圈地做旋转动作。◆The Earth spins around a central axis.地球围绕着一个中心轴旋转。◆My head was spinning(= it felt as if it was spinning round).我觉得天旋地转。◆She spun the roulette wheel one last time.她把轮盘赌轮又最后转了一次。◆Spin your partner around(= in dancing).拥着你的舞伴旋转。ⓘ Withspin and the other verbs in this group, round is used especially in British English, and around especially in American English. * spin以及本组中的其他动词在英式英语中尤后接round，在美式英语中尤后接around。▸spin
noun
[countable, uncountable] ◆The dance was full of twists and spins.该舞蹈中有许多扭摆和旋转动作。◆He lost everything on the spin of a roulette wheel.他把一切都输在了旋转的轮盘赌轮上。■turn [intransitive, transitive] to move or make sth move around a central point转动；旋转；使旋转◆The blades of the helicopter were turning slowly.直升机的旋翼在慢速旋转。◆He turned the key in the lock.他转动钥匙开锁。◆She turned the steering wheel as far as it would go.她把方向盘打到转不动为止。▸turn
noun
[countable] ◆Give the handle a few turns.将把手转动几下。◆Rotate the image through a quarter turn.把这个图像翻转90度。■circle [intransitive, transitive] to move in a circle, especially in the air（尤指在空中）盘旋，环行，转圈◆Seagulls circled around the boat.海鸥围绕着那条船盘旋。◆A small aircraft was circling overhead.一架小飞机在头顶上盘旋。◆The bell rang and the two boxers began circling each other.铃声响起，两位拳击手开始围着对方转圈。■rotate / /rəʊˈteɪt; NAmEˈroʊteɪt/ [intransitive, transitive] to move in a circle around a fixed central point; to make sth do this旋转；转动；使旋转◆Make sure that the propellor can rotate freely.确保螺旋桨能够旋转无碍。◆The earth takes 24 hours to rotate on its axis.地球自转一周需要24个小时。◆Rotate the wheel through 180 degrees.把方向盘转动180度。▸rotation
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆The length of a day is based on the rotation of the earth on its axis.一天的长度是根据地球自转而定的。◆This switch controls the number of rotations per minute.这个开关控制着每分钟的转数。■revolve /rɪˈvɒlv; NAmErɪˈvɑːlv/ [intransitive] (ratherformal) to move in a circle around a central point旋转；环绕；转动◆People used to think that the sun revolved around the earth.过去人们以为太阳绕着地球转。◆She saw him heading towards the revolving door.她看见他朝那旋转门走过去。◆ (figurative) The world doesn't revolve around you, you know.你要知道，这个世界不是以你为中心的。▸revolution
noun
[countable, uncountable] ◆The disk rotates at up to 500 revolutions per minute.该磁盘以每分钟多达500转的速度旋转。◆The revolution of the earth around the sun takes one year.地球环绕太阳公转一周需要一年时间。NOTE辨析 Rotate or revolve?When sth rotates it usually moves around its own centre or axis(= the imaginary line through the centre of an object, around which the object turns); when sth revolves it usually moves around a point outside itself, although revolve is sometimes used in the same way as rotate. * rotate通常指物体环绕自身的中心或轴心转动；revolve通常指物体环绕自身以外的某个点转动，尽管有时revolve也可与rotate用法相同◆The ceiling fan rotated / revolved slowly overhead.吊扇在头顶上缓慢地转动。■roll [intransitive, transitive] to turn over and over or round and round while remaining in the same place; to make sth do this原地转圈；原地打转；使原地转圈◆A dog was rolling in the mud.一只狗正在泥浆里打滚。◆Her eyes rolled.她那双眼睛滴溜溜地转动。◆He was rolling a pencil between his fingers.他正用手指转动着铅笔。■orbit [transitive, intransitive] (ratherformal) to move in an orbit(= a curved path)around a much larger object, especially a star or planet（尤指围绕恒星或行星）沿轨道运行；围绕⋯运动◆The earth takes a year to orbit the sun.地球绕太阳一周需要一年的时间。◆Stars near the edge of the galaxy orbit more slowly.银河边缘处的恒星运行的速度较慢。 see also orbit ⇨ waynoun3■whirl /wɜːl; NAmEwɜːrl/ [intransitive, transitive] (written) to move or make sb/sth move around very quickly in a circle快速旋转；打转；使快速旋转◆Leaves whirled in the wind.落叶在风中旋转。◆He whirled her around the dance floor.他拥着她围着舞池旋转。■ˌgo aˈround■ˌgo ˈround■go around sth■go round sth
phrasal verb
(goes, went, gone) (especiallyspoken) to spin or move around in a circle旋转；转动◆The wheel was going round and round.那轮子不停地转动着。◆He didn't even know that the earth goes around the sun!他甚至不知道地球绕着太阳转！■swivel /ˈswɪvl/ / (-ll-, NAmE-l-) [intransitive, transitive] to turn or make sth turn around a fixed central point旋转；转动；使旋转◆The ball should be able to swivel freely in the socket.那个球在槽里应该能自由转动。◆She swivelled her chair around to face them.她把椅子转过来朝着他们。NOTE辨析 Rotate, revolve or swivel?When sth rotates or revolves it moves round and round in a circle, continuing in the same direction; when sth swivels it is able to move back and forth around a central point, changing direction often. * rotate或revolve指物体朝着同一方向不停地转圈；swivel指物体能绕着一个中心点来回转动，经常改变方向。■twist [transitive] to turn sth round in a circle with your hand（用手）转动，旋转◆Try twisting the handle to the right.试着将把手向右旋转一下。◆She was nervously twisting the ring on her finger.她紧张地转动着手指上的戒指。■twirl [transitive] (written) to make sth turn quickly and lightly round and round使轻快地转动；使旋转◆He twirled his hat in his hand.他快速旋转着手里的帽子。
corner
noun
corner ♦︎ turn ♦︎ bend ♦︎ zigzag ♦︎ hairpin bend ♦︎ twistThese are all words for a curve where a road or a river changes direction.这些词均表示道路或河流的拐弯处、弯道。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆around / round / at / on a corner / bend / hairpin bend◆a left-hand / right-hand corner / turn / bend◆a left / right corner / turn◆a sharp corner / turn / bend / twist◆a tight corner / turn / bend◆a blind / dangerous corner / bend◆to negotiate a corner / turn / bend / hairpin bend◆to round / take a corner / bend / hairpin bend◆to come around / round a corner / bend / hairpin bend■corner [countable] a place where two streets join; a sharp curve in a road街角；（道路的）急转弯◆There was a large group of youths standing on the street corner.有一大群年轻人站在那条街的拐角。◆Turn right at the corner of Avalon Road and Radnor Street.在阿瓦隆路和拉德诺街的路口向右转。◆The wind hit him as he turned the corner.他在街角一拐弯，狂风就向他袭来。■turn [countable] a change in direction in a vehicle; a curve or corner in a road（车辆的）转向，转弯；（道路的）弯道，转弯处◆Make a right turn into West street.向右拐入西大街。◆The narrow lane was full of twists and turns.窄巷弯弯曲曲的。 see also turn ⇨ curveverb■bend [countable] a curve or turn, especially in a road or river（尤指道路或河流的）拐弯，弯道◆The two vehicles collided on a sharp bend in the road.两辆车在道路的急转弯处相撞。◆You took that bend very fast!你那个弯儿拐得太快了！ see also bend ⇨ curveverb, curve ⇨ curvenoun■zigzag / /ˈzɪgzæg/ / [countable] a line or pattern that looks like a series of letter W's as it bends to the left and then to the right again锯齿形线条（或形状）；之字形◆The path descended the hill in a series of zigzags.小路顺着山坡蜿蜒而下。 see also zigzag ⇨ curveverb■ˌhairpin ˈbend (BrE) (NAmEˌhairpin ˈcurve, ˌhairpin ˈturn) ( hairpin, BrE, NAmE) [countable] a very sharp bend in a road, especially a mountain road（尤指山路的）急转弯◆The road winds uphill in a series of hairpin bends.道路沿山坡而上，一连串的急转弯。■twist [countable] a sharp bend in a road or river that makes it difficult or dangerous to travel on（道路或河流中造成困难或危险的）急转弯处，曲折处◆The car followed the twists and turns of the mountain road.汽车沿着弯弯曲曲的山路行驶。 see also twist ⇨ curveverb
junction
noun
junction ♦︎ intersection ♦︎ crossroads ♦︎ turning ♦︎ turn ♦︎ roundabout ♦︎ exitThese are all words for a place where two or more roads meet.这些词均表示交叉路口。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the junction / intersection with...◆the turning / turn / exit for...◆the next junction / intersection / crossroads / turning / turn / roundabout / exit◆a busy junction / intersection / crossroads / roundabout◆a dangerous junction / intersection / crossroads◆to come to a junction / an intersection / a crossroads / a roundabout / an exit◆to take the turning / turn / exit■junction / /ˈdʒʌŋkʃn/ / [countable] (especially BrE) the place where two or more roads or railway lines meet（公路或铁路的）交叉路口，交汇处◆Come off the motorway at the next junction.在下一个交叉路口驶离高速公路。◆It was near the junction of City Road and Old Street.就在城市路与老街的交叉路口附近。■intersection / /ˌɪntəˈsekʃn; NAmEˌɪntərˈsekʃn/ [countable] (NAmEorformal, BrE) a junction（公路或铁路的）交叉路口，交汇处◆It is a busy intersection, almost invariably clogged with traffic.这是个繁忙的交叉路口，交通几乎总是堵塞。■crossroads /ˈkrɒsrəʊdz; NAmEˈkrɔːsroʊdz/ (pluralcrossroads) [countable] a place where two roads meet and cross each other十字路口◆At the next crossroads, turn right.在下一个十字路口向右拐。■turning [countable] (BrE) a place where a road leads away from the one you are travelling on岔路口；拐弯处；转弯处◆I think we must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.我觉得我们一定是在什么地方拐错了路。■turn [countable] (especially NAmE) a turning岔路口；拐弯处；转弯处◆Take the next turn on the left.在下一个转弯处向左拐。■roundabout /ˈraʊndəbaʊt/ / [countable] (BrE) a road junction in the shape of a circle with all the roads leading off it. All vehicles travel around the circle in the same direction until they reach the turning that they want.（交通）环岛；回旋处；圆环◆At the roundabout, take the second exit.到环岛后，走第二个出口。ⓘ In American English a roundabout is called a traffic circle or a rotary, but they are not at all common in the United States.在美式英语中，交通环岛称作traffic circle或rotary，但这两个词在美国并不多见。■exit /ˈeksɪt, ˈegzɪt/ [countable] a place where vehicles can leave a road to join another road（车辆从一道路驶出进入另一道路的）出口，出路◆Take the exit for Trento.从通往特伦托的出口驶出。
opportunity
noun
opportunity ♦︎ chance ♦︎ turn ♦︎ possibility ♦︎ moment ♦︎ occasion ♦︎ break ♦︎ start ♦︎ window ♦︎ goThese are all words for a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve sth.这些词均表示机会、时机。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the opportunity / a chance / your turn to do sth◆an opportunity / possibilities / an occasion for sth◆a suitable opportunity / occasion / moment◆the last opportunity / chance / moment◆to have an opportunity / a chance / a turn / a break / a window / a moment / a go◆to get / give sb an opportunity / a chance / a turn / a break / a start / a window / a moment / a go◆to wait for an opportunity / a chance / your turn / the moment / an occasion◆to take advantage of an opportunity / a chance / the possibilities / a window◆to take the opportunity / your chance / turns◆to seize an opportunity / a chance / the moment◆to miss an opportunity / your chance / a turn / a go■opportunity [countable, uncountable] (ratherformal) a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve sth机会；时机◆I'd like to take this opportunity to thank my colleagues for their support.我谨借此机会感谢同事的支持。◆He is rude to me at every opportunity(= whenever possible).他动不动就对我粗鲁无礼。◆There are more job opportunities in the south.南方有更多的工作机会。◆Our company promotes equal opportunities for women(= women are given the same jobs, pay, etc. as men).本公司提倡男女机会均等。◆There'll be plenty of opportunity for relaxing once the work is done.工作一完成，放松的机会有的是。■chance [countable] an opportunity机会；时机；机遇◆Please give me a chance to explain.请给我一个解释的机会。◆ (BrE) We won't get another chance of a holiday this year.我们今年不会再有机会度假了。◆ (NAmE) We won't get another chance at a vacation this year.我们今年不会再有机会度假了。◆Jeff deceived me once already－I won't give him a second chance.杰夫已骗过我一次，我不会再给他机会。◆This is your big chance(= opportunity for success).这是你成功的大好机会。NOTE辨析 Opportunity or chance?In many cases you can use either word.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆You'll have the opportunity / chance to ask questions at the end.你们最后将有机会提问。Opportunity tends to be used in more formal contexts than chance, and in some phrases only one of the words can be used.与chance相比，opportunity往往用于较正式的语境；有些短语只能用其中的一个词◆job/equal chances◆I won't give him a second opportunity.■turn [countable] (especiallyspoken) the time when sb in a group of people should do sth or is allowed to do sth（依次轮到的）机会◆Please wait your turn.请等着轮到你。◆Whose turn is it to cook?轮到谁做饭了？◆The male and female birds take turns sitting on the eggs.雄鸟和雌鸟轮流抱窝。◆ (BrE) We take it in turns to do the housework.我们轮流做家务。■possibility [countable, usually plural] something that gives you a chance to achieve sth机会；契机◆The class offers a range of exciting possibilities for developing your skills.这门课程提供一系列令人兴奋的技能训练。◆Career possibilities for women are much greater than they were fifty years ago.女性的职业发展机会比五十年前多很多。ⓘ In this meaning, possibilities is often used to talk about work-related situations.表达此义时，possibilities常用于与工作相关的情形◆career / employment / development / commercial / design possibilities职业发展／就业／发展／商业／设计机会It is also often used after positive-sounding adjectives. * possibilities亦常用于褒义的形容词后◆excellent / interesting / exciting / creative possibilities绝佳的／有吸引力的／令人激动的／表现创造力的机会Note that you cannot say 'a/the possibility to do sth'.注意，不能说a/the possibility to do sth◆I had the possibility to spend a year in Paris while I was a student.In these cases use opportunity or chance.在这些情况下可用opportunity或chance◆I had the opportunity / chance to spend a year in Paris.我曾有机会在巴黎待过一年。 see also possible ⇨ possible1■moment [countable] (especiallyspoken) a particular occasion; a time for doing sth时机；机遇；做某事的时刻◆I'm waiting for the right moment to tell him the bad news.我在找适当的时机告诉他这个坏消息。◆Have I caught you at a bad moment?我是不是来得不是时候？■occasion [singular] (ratherformal) a suitable time for doing sth适当的机会；时机◆It should have been an occasion for rejoicing, but she could not feel any real joy.原本应该是高兴的时刻，她却丝毫不感到快乐。◆I'll speak to him about it if the occasion arises(= if I get a chance).有机会的话，我要跟他谈谈这件事。 see also occasion ⇨ time1■break [countable] (informal) a chance to do sth, usually to get sth that you want or to achieve success（满足心愿或成功的）机会，机遇◆I got my lucky break when I won a 'Young Journalist of the Year' competition.我时来运转，在“年度最佳青年记者”竞赛中获胜。■start [countable, usually singular] the opportunity that you are given to begin sth in a successful way起始优势；良好的基础条件◆They worked hard to give their children a good start in life.他们力争为孩子们奠定一个良好的基础。◆The job gave him his start in journalism.那份工作让他开始进入新闻行业。 see also start ⇨ startnoun■window [countable] (especially business尤用于商业) a time when there is an opportunity to do sth, although it may not last long一丝机会；短暂的时机◆We now have a small window of opportunity in which to make our views known.我们现在有一线机会使人了解我们的观点。■go(pluralgoes) [countable] (BrE, spoken) a person's turn to move or play in a game or activity（游戏或活动中轮到的）机会◆Whose go is it?轮到谁了？◆It's your go.轮到你了。◆'How much is it to play?' 'It's 50p a go.'“玩这游戏多少钱？”“50便士一回。”◆Can I have a go on your new bike?我能骑骑你的新自行车吗？ⓘ In American English use turn.在美式英语中用turn。