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theoretical adj. ⇨ intellectual 1 (theoretical knowledge/physics) ⇨ supposed (a theoretical possibility)intellectual1 adjective intellectual abilities/discussion 智能;思想交锋an intellectual audience/elite 聪明的观众;知识精英intellectual ♦︎ theoretical ♦︎ psychological ♦︎ mental ♦︎ abstract ♦︎ philosophical ♦︎ academic ♦︎ conceptualThese words all describe things that are connected with ideas or the mind rather than the physical world. 这些词均表示思想的、理智的、观念上的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an intellectual / a theoretical / a psychological / sb's mental / an abstract / a philosophical / an academic / a conceptual approach◆an intellectual / a theoretical / a philosophical / an academic / a conceptual framework◆intellectual / theoretical / psychological / abstract / philosophical / conceptual terms◆an intellectual / a theoretical / a psychological / a mental / an abstract / a philosophical concept◆intellectual / abstract / philosophical / academic / conceptual thought / thinking◆intellectual / theoretical / abstract / philosophical / academic discussion / argument / debate◆an intellectual / a theoretical / a psychological / a mental / a philosophical / a conceptual problem◆theoretical / psychological / philosophical / academic study◆purely intellectual / theoretical / psychological / mental / abstract / philosophical / academic / conceptual◆highly / largely intellectual / theoretical / abstract / academic■ intellectual / /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/ / [usually before noun] connected with or using sb's ability to think in a logical way and understand things 智力的;脑力的;理智的◆It can be very difficult to measure intellectual ability.智力水平很难进行测验。◆You can't really appreciate art from a purely intellectual standpoint.从纯理性的角度不可能真正地欣赏艺术。▸ intellectually adverb ◆The party carries no weight intellectually.该党在思想上没有什么影响力。◆It's an intellectually demanding job.这是个对智力要求很高的工作。■ theoretical / /ˌθɪəˈretɪkl; NAmE ˌθiːəˈretɪkl/ [usually before noun] concerned with the ideas and principles on which a subject is based rather than with practice or experiments 理论上的◆We aim to provide you with both theoretical and practical knowledge of your subject.我们力求为你们提供所学科目的理论和实践知识。◆The emphasis of his lectures is on theoretical physics.他讲座的重点是理论物理学。OPP practical , experimental ⇨ practical see also theory ⇨ theory 1 ▸ theoretically adverb ◆Travelling faster than the speed of light is theoretically impossible.运行速度超过光速在理论上是不可能的。◆Theoretically, education is free in this country.该国的教育按理说是免费的。■ psychological /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl; NAmE ˌsaɪkəˈlɑːdʒɪkl/ [usually before noun] connected with the mind and how it works 心灵的;心理的◆Victory in the previous game should give them a psychological advantage over their opponents.上一场比赛的胜利使他们比对手有心理优势。◆Her latest movie is a tense psychological drama.她的最新影片是一部情节紧张的心理剧。◆I think his illness is more psychological (= caused by the mind) than physical.我认为他的病是心病,而不是身体上的。▸ psychologically adverb ◆Some of these so-called therapies can actually be psychologically harmful.这些所谓的治疗有一些实际上会对心理造成伤害。■ mental [usually before noun] connected with or happening in the mind; involving the process of thinking 思想的;精神的;思考的;智力的◆The experience caused her huge amounts of mental suffering.那次经历给她带来了巨大的精神痛苦。◆Do you have a mental picture of the scene (= can you imagine what it looks like)?你能想象那场景是什么样子吗?◆I made a mental note to call her as soon as I got home.我让自己记着一到家就给她打电话。◆I have a complete mental block (= I cannot learn or remember) when it comes to physics.我对物理一点都学不进去。◆Are you any good at mental arithmetic (= mathematical calculations that you do in your mind rather than on paper)?你擅长心算吗?▸ mentally adverb ◆The team were outplayed, physically and mentally.该队在体力上和精神上都被打败了。◆You need to be mentally prepared for the race.你得为比赛做好心理准备。■ abstract /ˈæbstrækt/ / based on general ideas and not on any particular real person, thing or situation; existing in thought or as an idea but not having any physical reality 抽象的(与具体情况或具体经验相对);纯理论的◆Freedom is more than a purely abstract notion.自由并不仅仅是一个纯粹抽象的概念。◆We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract.我们尽可谈论美的事物,但美本身却是抽象的。OPP concrete ⇨ final see also abstraction ⇨ idea 1 ▸ the abstract noun [singular] ◆Legal questions rarely exist in the abstract; they are based on real cases.法律问题很少以抽象理论形式存在,它们是以真实的案例为基础的。■ philosophical / /ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl; NAmE ˌfɪləˈsɑːfɪkl/ [usually before noun] connected with philosophy; involving serious thinking about life, the universe and other important issues 哲学的;思辨的◆The level of philosophical debate is usually quite high.哲学辩论的水平通常很高。▸ philosophically adverb ◆She is right-wing both politically and philosophically.她在政治上和哲学上都是右翼。■ academic [usually before noun] involving a lot of reading or studying rather than practical or technical skills 学术的(与实践技能或技术技能相对)◆I wasn't sure I could cope with the academic demands of the course.我没把握应付得了这门课的学术要求。◆She had very few academic qualifications.她的学术资历很欠缺。▸ academically adverb ◆They are all well qualified academically, but have little practical experience.他们在学历上完全够格,但几乎没有什么实践经验。■ conceptual /kənˈseptʃuəl/ / (formal) connected with or based on ideas 概念(上)的;观念(上)的◆She presents a conceptual framework for the analysis of educational processes.她提出了一个分析教育过程的概念框架。 see also concept ⇨ idea 1 ▸ conceptually adverb ◆conceptually similar / distinct概念上相似/不同 supposed adjective supposed ♦︎ alleged ♦︎ hypothetical ♦︎ assumed ♦︎ notional ♦︎ speculative ♦︎ theoreticalThese words all describe people or things that are based on situations or ideas which are possible or imagined, not certainly true or real. 这些词均表示假设的、推测的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆purely hypothetical / speculative / theoretical◆entirely hypothetical / theoretical◆highly / rather speculative / theoretical■ supposed [only before noun] (usually disapproving) used to show that you think that a claim, statement or way of describing sb/sth is not true or correct, although it is generally believed to be 误以为的;误信的;所谓的◆This is the opinion of the supposed experts.这就是所谓专家的看法。◆When did this supposed accident happen?这场所谓的事故发生在什么时候?▸ supposedly / /səˈpəʊzɪdli; NAmE səˈpoʊzɪdli/ adverb ◆The novel is supposedly based on a true story.据说这部小说是根据一个真实的故事写成的。■ alleged /əˈledʒd/ / [only before noun] (formal) used to describe sb/sth that is claimed to be a particular person or thing, when this has not actually been proved (未提出证据而)断言的,声称的◆the alleged attacker / victim / killer (= that sb says is one) 据称的袭击者/受害者/杀人凶手◆the alleged attack / offence / incident (= that sb says has happened) 据报的袭击/罪行/事件◆The girl gave evidence in court against her alleged attacker.那女孩在法庭上出示证据指证袭击她的人。 see also allege ⇨ claim verb ▸ allegedly / /əˈledʒɪdli/ / adverb ◆crimes allegedly committed during the war据说是战争期间所犯的罪行■ hypothetical / /ˌhaɪpəˈθetɪkl/ / (rather formal) based on situations or ideas which are possible and imagined rather than real and true 假设的;假定的◆Let us take the hypothetical case of Sheila, a mother of two...我们可以举希拉这个假定的案例,她是两个孩子的母亲⋯◆I wasn't asking about anybody in particular-it was a purely hypothetical question.我并没有问到具体某个人-那纯粹是个假设的问题。ⓘ A hypothetical example, question or situation is used to illustrate a point or to help you work out a solution to a problem. * hypothetical可修饰example、question或situation,表示假设的例子、问题或情况,可用于解释某个观点或帮助解决问题。 OPP actual ⇨ real see also hypothesis ⇨ theory 2 ■ assumed /əˈsjuːmd; NAmE əˈsuːmd/ [only before noun] (rather formal, especially written) that you believe to be true or to exist 假设的;假定的◆The report takes into account the assumed differences between the two states.报告考虑到了这两种状况的假定区别。■ notional /ˈnəʊʃənl; NAmE ˈnoʊʃənl/ (formal) based on a guess, estimate or theory; not existing in reality 猜测的;估计的;理论上的;想象的◆My calculation is based on notional figures, since the actual figures are not yet available.我是按估计的数字计算的,因为还没有实际数字。 OPP actual ⇨ real see also notion ⇨ idea 1 ■ speculative /ˈspekjələtɪv, NAmE also ˈspekjəleɪtɪv/ (rather formal, especially written, often disapproving) based on a guess, estimate or theory that has been formed without knowing all the facts 推测的;猜测的;估计的◆The report is highly speculative and should be ignored.这个报道推测的成分很大,应该不予理会。 see also speculate ⇨ say 3 NOTE 辨析 Hypothetical, notional or speculative?If you say that a figure, idea or story is speculative, you often mean that it is not reliable and you do not trust it. Notional is used in more technical contexts, in order to make the best estimate you can of an amount, number or time, when you do not have the actual figures. Hypothetical is used to talk about an imagined person or thing that is used as an example to illustrate a point or work out a solution to a problem. * speculative用于描述数字、观点或新闻报道时常有不可靠、不可信的含义;notional用于更专业的语境,在没有实际数字的情况下对数量、数目或时间作出尽可能准确的推测;hypothetical用于以假定的人或事为例去解释一种观点或找出问题的解决办法。■ theoretical /ˌθɪəˈretɪkl; NAmE ˌθiːəˈretɪkl/ [usually before noun] (rather formal) that could possibly exist, happen or be true, although this is unlikely 理论上存在的;假设的◆It's a theoretical possibility.这是理论上存在的一种可能性。▸ theoretically adverb ◆It is theoretically possible for him to overrule their decision, but highly unlikely.按理说他可以推翻他们的决定,但是可能性很小。 |