| 例句 |
spread verb
⇨ spread (a bird spreads its wings) ⇨ cover (spread butter on sth) ⇨ pass sth on (spread disease) ⇨ scatter (spread papers out)spread noun
⇨ fat spread verb spread ♦︎ lay sth out ♦︎ lay ♦︎ unfold ♦︎ open ♦︎ unrollThese words all mean to open sth flat such as paper or fabric so that it covers a greater area. 这些词均表示展开、摊开。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to spread / lay / lay out / open sth on sth◆to spread / lay sth over sth◆to spread / lay / open sth out◆to spread out / lay out / unfold / open a map◆to spread / lay / unfold a cloth / tablecloth◆to unfold / open your arms■ spread (spread, spread) [transitive] to open sth that has been folded or rolled so that it is flat and covers a larger area than before （把折叠或卷着的东西）展开，打开◆Tom spread the map out on the floor.汤姆把地图摊开在地板上。◆The bird spread its wings and flew away.那只鸟展开翅膀飞走了。■ ˌlay sth ˈout phrasal verb (laid, laid)to spread sth out on a flat surface so that it can be seen easily or is ready to use 铺开；摆开；展开◆Lay the material out flat.把布料展开铺平。■ lay (laid, laid) [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to spread sth flat on sth; to cover sth with a layer of sth （在某物上）摊开，敷；用一层⋯覆盖◆Before they started they laid newspaper on the floor.他们开始之前在地板上铺了报纸。◆The grapes were laid to dry on racks.葡萄被摊开放在架子上晒干。■ unfold /ʌnˈfəʊld; NAmE ʌnˈfoʊld/ [transitive, intransitive] to spread open or flat sth that has previously been folded; (of sth that has been folded) to become open or flat 把（折叠的东西）展开，打开；（折叠的东西）展开◆She unfolded the letter and read it yet again.她打开信又读了一遍。◆He unfolded his arms and stood up.他松开双臂站了起来。◆The collapsible ladder unfolds quickly and locks into place for added safety.那折叠梯很快就能打开，并能固定住，更加安全。 OPP fold ⇨ fold verb ■ open [intransitive, transitive](of sth that is folded or closed up) to spread out or become unfolded; to spread out or unfold sth that has been folded or closed （折叠或关闭的东西）展开，打开；使展开◆What if the parachute doesn't open?降落伞打不开怎么办？◆The flowers open in the morning and close again in the evening.这些花早上绽放，傍晚又合拢。◆He opened his arms wide to embrace her.他张开双臂去拥抱她。■ unroll /ʌnˈrəʊl; NAmE ʌnˈroʊl/ [transitive, intransitive] to make sth that is rolled up become open and flat; (of sth that is rolled up) to become open and flat 把（卷着的东西）展开，摊开，铺开；（卷着的东西）展开◆We unrolled our sleeping bags.我们打开了睡袋。 OPP roll ⇨ wrap sb/sth around/round sb/sth cover verb cover ♦︎ coat ♦︎ spread ♦︎ rub ♦︎ smear ♦︎ daub ♦︎ cakeThese words all mean to put a liquid or a soft substance onto sth. 这些词均表示将液体或稀软之物涂抹、覆盖到某物上。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to cover / coat / spread / rub / smear / daub / cake sth with sth◆to cover / coat / cake sth in sth◆to spread / rub / smear / daub sth on sth◆to spread / smear sth over sth◆to cover sth with / coat sth with / spread a layer of sth◆to rub / smear oil into / onto sth◆to be covered / coated / caked in / with dust◆to be covered / caked in / with dirt◆to be covered / smeared / caked in / with mud◆to be covered / coated / smeared in / with grease / oil◆to be covered / coated / smeared / daubed with paint◆to be covered / smeared / daubed / caked in / with blood◆to be covered / coated / spread with chocolate◆liberally covered / coated / spread / smeared◆thickly / thinly covered / coated / spread■ cover [transitive, often passive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to put a layer of sth, especially sth liquid, soft or dirty, on sb/sth 覆上，洒上，溅上（一层液体、稀软或脏的东西）◆The players were soon covered in mud.那些运动员很快就满身泥浆。◆The wind blew in from the desert and covered everything with sand.风从沙漠那边吹来，把一切都蒙上了一层沙。■ coat [transitive, often passive] to cover sth with a layer of a substance 给⋯涂上一层；（用⋯）覆盖◆The cookies were thickly coated with chocolate.曲奇上涂了厚厚一层巧克力。◆A film of dust coated the table.桌上覆盖着一层灰尘。NOTE 辨析 Cover or coat? Cover is a more general word than coat. Coat is used especially when sth is deliberately covered with a fixed layer for decoration or protection. * cover比coat含义广。coat尤指出于装饰或保护目的，有意在某物上面牢固地覆盖上一层◆The flakes are coated with sugar (= the sugar is fixed onto them).薄片上涂了一层糖。◆The flakes are covered with sugar (= the sugar is not fixed onto them).薄片上沾了一层糖。When sth gets coated in dust or grease, it suggests that the dust or grease may be quite thick and hard to remove. 分词coated指某物覆盖着灰尘或油脂时，暗示灰尘或油脂可能很厚，难以去除◆More than 400 birds were coated with oil when 50 tonnes of crude oil spilled into the sea.50吨原油泄漏到海里后，400多只鸟身上裹了一层油污。 ■ spread (spread, spread) [transitive, intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to deliberately put a layer of a substance onto the surface of sth; to be able to be put onto a surface 涂；敷；抹◆She spread butter on a piece of toast.她往烤面包片上抹黄油。◆Spread the cake with cream and then sprinkle flakes of chocolate on top.把奶油抹到蛋糕上，然后在上面撒些巧克力碎片。◆If the paint is too thick, it will not spread easily.油漆如果太稠就不容易涂抹。ⓘ Spread is used about substances that you spread deliberately; it is not used about dirt or grease that gets onto sth by accident. * spread指有意涂抹，不用来指灰尘或油脂意外沾染到某物上。■ rub (-bb-) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to spread a liquid or other substance over a surface while pressing firmly 涂；抹；搽◆She rubbed moisturizer into her skin.她把乳液揉抹进皮肤里。◆Rub some salt on the fish before cooking.烹制前在鱼身上抹些盐。■ smear / /smɪə(r); NAmE smɪr/ [transitive] to spread a soft substance over a surface in a rough or careless way （用稀软物质）胡乱涂抹◆The children had smeared mud on the walls.那些孩子往墙上乱涂泥巴。◆His face was smeared with blood.他满脸血污。 see also smear ⇨ mark noun ■ daub /dɔːb/ / [transitive, often passive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to spread a substance such as paint or mud onto sth thickly and/or carelessly （用颜料、灰泥等）涂抹，乱涂，乱画◆The walls of the building were daubed with red paint.这座楼的几面墙上随意涂了一层红漆。NOTE 辨析 Smear or daub? Daub is often passive; smear is often active or passive. Daub always needs an adverb or preposition; smear can be used without. * daub常用被动形式，smear主动或被动形式均很常用。daub总是与副词或介词连用，smear可不跟副词或介词◆She had smeared her make-up.她胡乱化了妆。◆She had daubed her make-up. Daub is often used when talking about words which are written on sth; smear is not usually used in this way. 在某物上涂写字句常用daub，smear一般不这样用◆They found a message daubed onto the wall of the cell.他们在小房间墙上发现了一条涂写的信息。◆They found a message smeared onto the wall of the cell. ■ cake [transitive, usually passive] to cover sth with a thick layer of sth soft that becomes hard when it dries （用干后变硬的稀软物质）覆盖（厚厚一层）◆Her shoes were caked with mud.她的鞋上沾满泥巴。 pass sth on phrasal verb pass sth on ♦︎ spread ♦︎ infect ♦︎ leave ♦︎ transmit ♦︎ give ♦︎ bequeath ♦︎ hand sth downThese words all mean to give sth to sb else, especially after receiving, having or using it yourself. 这些词均表示递给、传给。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to pass sth on / spread sth / leave sth / transmit sth / give sth / bequeath sth / hand sth down to sb◆to pass on / spread / infect sb with / transmit / give sb a / an disease / infection / virus◆to pass on / spread / transmit information / a message◆to pass on / spread / hand down knowledge◆to pass on / hand down skills◆to pass on / leave / bequeath your property / estate◆to pass on / leave / bequeath a legacy◆to leave / bequeath (sb) your money / art collection◆to leave / bequeath (sb) £50 000 / the sum of...◆to pass sth on / transmit sth genetically■ ˌpass sth ˈon phrasal verb to give sth to sb else, especially after receiving it or using it yourself （尤指用后）递给，传给◆Pass the book on to me when you've finished with it.你看完那本书后传给我。◆I passed your message on to my mother.我把你的留言传给我妈了。◆Much of the discount is pocketed by retailers instead of being passed on to customers.折扣的大部分进了零售商的腰包，而顾客没有得到实惠。 see also pass sth on ⇨ convey ■ spread (spread, spread) [intransitive, transitive] to affect or make sth affect, be known by or used by, more and more people 传播；散布；流传◆Use of computers spread rapidly during that period.在那个时期，计算机的应用迅速普及。◆I wish he would stop spreading lies about me.希望他别再散布关于我的谎言。◆The disease is spread by mosquitoes.这种疾病通过蚊子传播。■ infect [transitive] to make a disease or illness spread to a person, animal or plant; to make sb share a particular feeling 传染；使感染（疾病或情绪）；影响◆It is not possible to infect another person through kissing.接吻不可能把这种病传染给他人。◆people infected with HIV染上艾滋病病毒的人◆I became infected with the same enthusiasm which led Ransome to write the books.我被兰塞姆写那些书时的热情所感染。 see also infection ⇨ disease ■ leave (left, left) [transitive] to say in a will that you want sb to have your property or money after you die （在遗嘱中）遗赠，遗留◆She left £1 million to her daughter.她遗留给女儿100万英镑。◆She left her daughter £1 million.她遗留给女儿100万英镑。■ transmit / /trænsˈmɪt, trænzˈmɪt/ (-tt-) [transitive] (rather formal) to pass sth from one person to another 传播；传染◆Young people need more information on sexually transmitted diseases.年轻人需要更多关于性传播疾病的知识。◆Parents can unwittingly transmit their own fears to their children.父母自己的恐惧可能在无意间感染了孩子。ⓘ Transmit is used especially to talk about passing on diseases, infections and viruses, as well as information or thoughts and feelings. * transmit尤与disease、infection和virus搭配，指传染疾病或病毒，或与information等词搭配，指传播思想和感情。▸ transmission /trænsˈmɪʃn, trænzˈmɪʃn/ noun [uncountable] ◆ (formal) There are several ways of preventing transmission of the virus.有几种方法可以防止病毒的传播。◆Our classes are based on discussion rather than one-way transmission of knowledge.我们的课堂以讨论为主，不是单向的知识传递。■ give (gave, given) [transitive] (rather informal, especially spoken) to infect sb with an illness 把（疾病）传染给◆You've given me your cold.你把感冒传染给我了。■ bequeath /bɪˈkwiːð/ / [transitive] (formal) to leave your money or property to sb in your will (= a legal document) after your death; to leave the results of your work, knowledge or ideas for other people to use or deal with （在遗嘱中）把⋯遗赠给；把（工作成果、知识或观点）流传（给后世）◆He bequeathed his entire estate to his daughter.他把全部财产遗赠给他的女儿。◆The previous government had bequeathed a legacy of problems.上届政府遗留下很多问题。 see also bequest ⇨ legacy ■ ˌhand sth ˈdown phrasal verb [usually passive] to give or teach sth to your children or people younger than you 把⋯传下去；传给（后代）◆Most of his clothes were handed down to him by his older brother.他的衣服大多是哥哥传下来的。◆These skills used to be handed down from father to son.这些技术以往都是父子相传的。 scatter verb scatter ♦︎ spread ♦︎ strew ♦︎ spray ♦︎ shower ♦︎ rain ♦︎ sprinkleThese words all mean to make lots of small pieces of sth cover an area. 这些词均表示撒、洒、使布满。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to strew / shower / sprinkle sth with sth◆to scatter / spread / strew / spray / shower / rain / sprinkle sth on / onto / over sth◆to scatter / spread / strew / spray sth across sth◆to scatter / spread / sprinkle seeds◆to scatter / spray crumbs◆to scatter / shower / rain ash◆to scatter / shower debris◆to scatter / spread / sprinkle sth evenly■ scatter [transitive] to throw or drop things in different directions so that they cover an area of ground 撒；撒播◆Scatter the grass seed over the lawn.把草籽撒在草坪上。◆They scattered his ashes at sea.他们把他的骨灰撒到海里。■ spread (spread, spread) [transitive] to arrange objects so that they cover a large area and can be seen easily 摊开；使散开◆Papers had been spread out on the desk.各种文件摊在桌子上。■ strew / /struː/ / (strewed, strewed or strewed, strewn) [transitive, usually passive] to cover a surface with things 把⋯散播在⋯上；使布满◆Clothes were strewn across the floor.衣服扔得满地都是。◆The streets were strewn with corpses.大街上到处都是尸体。■ spray [transitive, intransitive] to cover sb/sth with a lot of small things with a lot of force 向⋯扫射；向⋯抛洒；洒遍◆The gunman sprayed the building with bullets.持枪歹徒向那座房子扫射。◆Pieces of glass sprayed all over the room.屋里到处落满了玻璃碎片。■ shower [transitive] to drop a lot of small things onto sb 向⋯抛撒；使纷纷降落在⋯上◆The bride and groom were showered with rice as they left the church.新郎和新娘走出教堂时，人们朝他们撒米祝福。◆The roof collapsed, showering us with dust and debris.屋顶塌了下来，灰尘、碎片纷纷落在我们身上。 see also shower ⇨ flood noun 2 ■ rain [transitive] to make sth fall on sb/sth in large quantities 使大量降落；使雨点般落下◆The volcano erupted, raining hot ash over a wide area.火山喷发了，将炽热的火山灰洒落在一大片地域上。■ sprinkle [transitive] to throw small pieces of sth or drops of a liquid on sth 撒；洒；把⋯撒（或洒）在⋯上◆She sprinkled sugar over the strawberries.她在草莓上撒了点糖。 fat noun fat ♦︎ butter ♦︎ oil ♦︎ margarine ♦︎ lard ♦︎ grease ♦︎ blubber ♦︎ spreadThese are all words for soft solid or liquid substances from animals or vegetables which are used for cooking or spreading on bread. 这些词均表示脂肪、油脂。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆low fat margarine / spread◆vegetable fat / oil / margarine◆to spread butter / margarine on sth◆to fry / cook sth in fat / butter / oil / margarine / lard◆to heat the fat / butter / oil◆bread and butter / margarine■ fat [uncountable, countable] a white or yellow substance in the bodies of animals and humans, stored under the skin; a solid or liquid substance from animals or plants, treated so that it becomes pure for use in cooking; these fats, when you are thinking of them as a part of what sb eats 脂肪；肥肉；（烹调用的）动植物油◆Aerobic exercise will help you burn off excess body fat.做有氧运动有助于消耗体内多余的脂肪。◆Cook the meat in shallow fat.用少许油煎肉。◆Stick to foods which are low in fat.坚持食用低脂肪食物。◆You should cut down on fats and carbohydrates.你应该减少摄入脂肪和碳水化合物。ⓘ Fat is a general word which can be used instead of butter, oil, margarine, lard or grease but you only use it when you do not know or it is not important which kind of fat you are talking about. * fat泛指油脂。但只有在不知道所指为哪种油脂或油脂的种类不重要时才用fat，否则要用butter、oil、margarine、lard或grease等具体的词。■ butter [uncountable] a soft yellow food made from cream or milk, used in cooking and for spreading on bread 黄油；奶油◆Fry the onions in butter.用黄油炒洋葱。◆If you're still hungry, have some bread and butter.你要是还觉得饿，就吃点涂黄油的面包片吧。▸ butter verb [transitive] ◆She buttered four thick slices of bread.她将黄油涂在四片厚厚的面包上。■ oil [uncountable, countable] a smooth thick liquid that is made from plants and is used in cooking （植物性）食用油◆Heat a little olive oil in a non-stick frying pan.用不粘锅加热一点儿橄榄油。■ margarine / /ˌmɑːdʒəˈriːn; NAmE ˈmɑːrdʒərən/ [uncountable] a yellow substance like butter made from vegetable fat, used in cooking or spread on bread 人造黄油；人造奶油◆She took some margarine and spread it on the bread.她拿了一些人造黄油涂在面包上。■ lard [uncountable] a firm white substance made from the melted fat of pigs, that is used in cooking （烹调用的）猪油◆Use sunflower oil instead of lard.用葵花籽油，不要用猪油。■ grease /griːs/ / [uncountable] (disapproving) animal fat that has been softened by cooking or heating （炼过的）动物油脂◆He collected the plates, which were covered with grease.他收走那些油腻的盘子。ⓘ Grease is unwanted fat that comes out of food; it is not used to talk about fat used for cooking in. * grease指食物中多余的油脂，而非烹调用的油脂◆Heat a little grease in the pan. ▸ greasy adjective ◆The hotel smelt of stale smoke and greasy food.这家旅馆有股难闻的烟味和油腻食物的气味。■ blubber [uncountable] the fat of some sea animals such as whales 鲸脂；海兽脂◆A thick layer of blubber helps insulate seals against the cold.海豹身上厚厚的脂肪层有助于抵御寒冷。■ spread [countable, uncountable] a soft food, like margarine, that you put on bread 面包抹酱（如人造黄油）◆Use a low-fat spread instead of butter.不要抹黄油，用低脂的抹酱吧。◆They offered me some crackers with cheese spread.他们给了我一些涂有奶酪酱的薄脆饼干。 |