| 例句 |
stand verb
⇨ stand 1 (stand by the window) ⇨ stand 2 (I can't stand it when you do that.) ⇨ hate (I really can't stand him.) ⇨ lean 2 (Stand the ladder against the wall.) ⇨ remain (an offer still stands) ⇨ withstand (His heart won't stand the strain.) ⇨ stand your ground ⇨ resist ⇨ stand in awe of sb/sth ⇨ respect ⇨ stand on your own (two) feet ⇨ take care of yourselfstand noun
⇨ attitude (take a tough stand on sth) ⇨ stall (a news stand)stand1 verb stand by the window 靠窗站着I can't stand it when you do that. 你那样做，我忍受不了。 ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ lie verb and ⇨ sit 另见lie动词词条和sit条stand ♦︎ get up ♦︎ stand up ♦︎ rise ♦︎ get to your feet ♦︎ be on your feet ♦︎ pick yourself upThese words all mean to be in an upright position with your weight on your feet, or to put yourself in this position. 这些词均表示站立、起立。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to get up / stand up / rise / pick yourself up from sth■ stand (stood, stood) [intransitive] to be in an upright position with your weight on your feet; to put yourself in this position 站立；直立；站起来；起立◆She was too weak to stand.她虚弱得站都站不住。◆He was standing on a chair, trying to change a light bulb.他站在椅子上，想要换个灯泡。◆Stand still when I'm talking to you!我跟你说话时你站着别动！◆The kids were standing around chatting.孩子们分散在各处站着闲聊。◆Everyone stood when the president entered the room.总统进屋时每个人都站了起来。ⓘ Stand is usually used with an adverb or prepositional phrase to show where or how sb stands, but sometimes another phrase or clause is used to show what sb does while they are standing. * stand通常与副词或介词短语连用，表明站立的地点或姿势，但有时用另一个短语或从句来表示站着做某事◆We stood talking for a few minutes.我们站着谈了几分钟。◆He stood and looked out to sea.他站着遥望大海。 OPP sit ⇨ sit ■ ˌget ˈup phrasal verb (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten)to get into a standing position from a sitting, kneeling or lying position 起身；站起；起来◆He got up and strolled over to the window.他站起身来，溜达到了窗口。◆Please don't get up!请不要起立！OPP sit down ⇨ sit ■ ˌstand ˈup phrasal verb (stood, stood)to be in a standing position; to stand after sitting 站立；站起；起立◆Stand up straight!站直了！◆He stood up and put on his coat.他起身穿上外套。OPP sit , sit down ⇨ sit NOTE 辨析 Stand, get up or stand up? Stand usually means 'to be in a standing position' but can also mean 'to get into a standing position'. Stand up can be used with either of these meanings, but its use is more restricted: it is used especially when sb tells sb or a group of people to stand. Get up is the most frequent way of saying 'get into a standing position', and this can be from a sitting, kneeling or lying position; if you stand up, this is nearly always after sitting, especially on a chair. If you want to tell sb politely that they do not need to move from their chair use get up. * stand通常表示站立、直立，但也可表示站起来、起立。stand up可用于上述两种含义，但其用法较受限制，尤用于让某人或一些人起立的场合。get up是表示站起来的最常用的说法，可指从坐、跪或躺的姿势站起身来；stand up几乎总是指从坐的姿势，特别是从椅子上站立起来。如果想礼貌地告诉某人不必起立，就用get up◆Please don't stand up! ■ rise (rose, risen) [intransitive] (formal) to get into a standing position from a sitting, kneeling or lying position 起身；站起；起来◆They rose from the table.他们从餐桌旁站了起来。◆She rose to her feet.她站起身来。■ ˌget to your ˈfeet phrase (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) (written) to stand up after sitting, kneeling or lying 站起身；起立◆I helped her to get to her feet.我帮她站了起来。■ be on yourˈ feet phrase to be standing up 站着；直立◆I've been on my feet all day.我一整天没歇脚了。■ ˌpick yourself ˈup phrasal verb to stand up again after you have fallen （跌倒后）站起来◆He just picked himself up and went on running.他爬起来继续跑。◆She picked herself up off the dusty ground.她从那布满灰尘的地上爬了起来。 stand2 verb stand by the window 靠窗站着I can't stand it when you do that. 你那样做，我忍受不了。stand ♦︎ endure ♦︎ take ♦︎ bear ♦︎ put up with sb/sth ♦︎ tolerateThese words all mean to accept or deal with sth unpleasant or annoying. 这些词均表示忍受、容忍。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(can't / not) stand / endure / bear doing sth◆(can't / not) stand / bear / put up with sb / sth doing sth◆to stand / endure / bear / put up with pain◆to not stand / take / tolerate any nonsense◆to take / tolerate criticism◆sb can't stand / bear sth◆sb has to endure / bear / put up with / tolerate sth◆sb can no longer stand / endure / bear / tolerate sth◆sb can hardly stand / bear sth■ stand (stood, stood) [transitive, no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses; used with can/could in negative sentences and questions 不用于进行时；与can/could一起用于否定句和疑问句) to be able to accept and deal with sth unpleasant 容忍；忍受◆I can't stand his brother.他弟弟让我受不了。◆I can't stand it when you do that.你那样做，我忍受不了。◆She couldn't stand being kept waiting.叫她等着，她会受不了。◆I can't stand people interrupting all the time.我不能容忍老是有人打岔。◆How can you stand it here?这种地方你怎么忍受得了呢？■ endure /ɪnˈdjʊə(r); NAmE ɪnˈdʊr/ [transitive] (formal) to experience and deal with sth that is painful or unpleasant, especially without complaining （尤指没有怨言地）忍耐，忍受◆He had to endure the racist taunts of the crowd.他不得不忍受群众对他的种族歧视性的奚落。◆She could not endure the thought of parting.一想到分别她就无法忍受。 see also endurance ⇨ strength ■ take (took, taken) [transitive, no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses; used especially in negative sentences 不用于进行时；尤用于否定句) to be able or willing to accept or deal with sth unpleasant 忍受；容忍；承受◆She can't take criticism.她受不了批评。◆I don't think I can take much more of this heat.我觉得再也忍受不了这种高温了。◆I find his attitude a little hard to take.我觉得他的态度有点令人难以容忍。■ bear (bore, borne) [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses; used especially with can/could in negative sentences and questions 不用于进行时；尤与can/could一起用于否定句和疑问句) to be able to accept and deal with sth unpleasant 承受；忍受◆The pain was almost more than he could bear.这种痛苦几乎使他无法忍受。◆How can you bear to eat that stuff?你怎么吃得下那种东西？◆She bore it all with her usual patience.她以一贯的耐心承受了这一切。NOTE 辨析 Stand or bear?In many cases you can use either word, but bear is slightly stronger and slightly more formal than stand. Stand is never used in positive statements. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但bear的语气比stand稍强，稍正式。stand从不用于肯定陈述◆She stood it all with her usual patience. ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ hate 另见hate条 ■ ˌput ˈup with sb/sth phrasal verb (putting, put, put) (rather informal, especially spoken) to accept sb/sth that is annoying or unpleasant without complaining （没有怨言地）容忍，忍受◆I don't know how she puts up with him.我不明白她怎么受得了他。■ tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt; NAmE ˈtɑːləreɪt/ [transitive] (rather formal, especially written) to put up with sb/sth （没有怨言地）容忍，忍受◆There is a limit to what one person can tolerate.一个人的容忍是有限度的。 see also tolerance ⇨ patience hate verb hate ♦︎ dislike ♦︎ can't stand ♦︎ despise ♦︎ can't bear ♦︎ loathe ♦︎ detest ♦︎ abhorThese words all mean to have a strong feeling of dislike for sb/sth. 这些词均表示厌恶。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达厌恶的程度| dislike | ➔ | hate | ➔ | can't bear | ➔ | loathe | | despise | | can't stand | | | | detest | | | | | | | abhor |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to hate / dislike / despise / loathe / detest sb / sth for sth◆to hate / dislike / despise / loathe / detest sth about sb / sth◆I hate / dislike / can't stand / can't bear / loathe / detest doing sth◆I hate / can't bear to do sth◆I hate / dislike / can't stand / can't bear it when...◆to hate / despise / loathe yourself◆they hate / dislike / can't stand / despise / loathe / detest each other◆I really hate / dislike / can't stand / despise / can't bear / detest sb / sth◆I absolutely hate / can't stand / loathe / detest / abhor sb / sth■ hate [transitive, intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to have a strong feeling of dislike for sb/sth 厌恶；讨厌；憎恶◆He hates violence in any form.他憎恶任何形式的暴力。◆I've always hated cabbage.我一直讨厌卷心菜。◆Sometimes I really hate her.有时我真的很讨厌她。◆I hated myself for feeling jealous.我恨我自己有嫉妒心。◆She hates making mistakes.她讨厌出错。◆I would hate him to think he wasn't welcome here.我很不希望他觉得自己在这儿不受欢迎。◆I hate to think what would have happened if you hadn't been there.我真不敢想要是你不在那里会出什么事。◆She hated it in France (= did not like the life there).她讨厌法国的生活。◆When children are taught to hate, the whole future of society is in danger.当孩子们学会憎恨，整个社会的未来就不妙了。ⓘ Although hate is generally a very strong verb, it is also commonly used in spoken or informal English to talk about people or things that you dislike in a less important way, for example a particular type of food. 尽管hate的语气一般较强，但亦常用于口语或非正式英语中，谈论一些不怎么喜欢的人或事物，如某种食物等。 OPP love ⇨ love verb , love ⇨ like verb ■ dislike [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (rather formal) to not like sb/sth 不喜爱；厌恶◆Why do you dislike him so much?你为什么那么讨厌他呢？◆Not only would she rather not go swimming, she actively dislikes it.她不仅仅是不愿去游泳，简直是非常讨厌这件事。◆The new regime is universally disliked.这个新政权不得人心。◆Much as she disliked asking for help, she knew she had to.尽管她很讨厌求助于他人，但她清楚她不得不这么做。ⓘ Dislike is a rather formal word; it is less formal, and more usual to say that you don't like sb/sth, especially in spoken English. * dislike是相当正式的用语，don't like sb/sth则没那么正式且较常用，尤其在口语中◆I don't like it when you phone me so late at night.我讨厌你晚上这么晚给我打电话。 OPP like ⇨ like verb , like ⇨ love verb ■ stand [transitive, no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (rather informal, especially spoken) used in negative statements and questions to emphasize that you really do not like sb/sth （用于否定句和疑问句，强调不喜欢）忍受，容忍◆I can't stand his brother.他的哥哥让我受不了。◆She can't stand the sight of blood.她见不得血。◆I can't stand it when you do that.你那么做，我受不了。◆How could she have stood such treatment for so long?这样的待遇她怎么能忍受这么久？■ despise / /dɪˈspaɪz/ / [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to dislike and have no respect for sb/sth 鄙视；蔑视；看不起◆She despised gossip in any form.她对任何形式的流言蜚语都很不齿。◆He despised himself for being so cowardly.他讨厌自己如此怯懦。 see also despicable ⇨ despicable ■ bear (bore, borne) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) used in negative statements and questions to say that you dislike sth so much that you cannot accept or deal with it （用于否定句和疑问句，表示不喜欢）承受，忍受◆How can you bear to eat that stuff?你怎么能吃得下那种东西？◆I just can't bear it any more!我再也忍不下去了！◆The pain was almost more than he could bear.这种痛苦几乎使他无法忍受。◆She couldn't bear the thought of losing him.她一想到会失去他就受不了。NOTE 辨析 Can't stand or can't bear?In many cases you can use either word, but can't bear is slightly stronger and slightly more formal than can't stand. Bear, but not stand, has the closely related meaning of 'to accept and deal with sth unpleasant', used in positive statements. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但can't bear比can't stand语气稍强，而且略显正式。bear用于肯定句时，有“接受并应对不喜欢的事”之义，stand则没有此义◆She bore it all with her usual patience.她以一贯的耐心忍受了这一切。◆She stood it all with her usual patience. ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ stand 2 另见stand条第2义 ■ loathe / /ləʊð; NAmE loʊð/ [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to hate sb/sth very much 极不喜欢；憎恶◆They loathe each other.他们相互憎恨对方。◆Many of the people fear and loathe the new government.许多人对新政府又怕又恨。◆He loathed hypocrisy.他憎恶虚伪。ⓘ Loathe is generally an even stronger verb than hate, but it can also be used more informally to talk about less important things, meaning 'really don't like'. * loathe的语气通常比hate还强，但也可用于非正式的场合谈及不太重要的事，意为“确实不喜欢”◆Whether you love or loathe their music, you can't deny their talent.不管你喜不喜欢他们的音乐，都不能否认他们的才华。 OPP love , adore ⇨ love verb , adore ⇨ like verb ■ detest /dɪˈtest/ / [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (rather formal) to hate sb/sth very much 极不喜欢；憎恶◆They absolutely detest each other.他们完全是相互憎恨。◆I detest being treated like a child.我非常讨厌被当成小孩子看待。 OPP love ⇨ love verb ■ abhor / /əbˈhɔːr/ / (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (formal) to hate sth very much, for example a way of behaving or thinking, especially for moral reasons （尤指因道德原因）憎恨，厌恶，憎恶◆Most decent people abhor corruption in government.大多数正派人憎恶政府的腐败行为。 lean2 verb lean back in your chair 仰靠在椅背上lean sth against the wall 把某物斜靠在墙上lean ♦︎ rest ♦︎ stand ♦︎ balance ♦︎ prop ♦︎ steady ♦︎ poiseThese words all mean to put sth in a position where it is supported or does not fall. 这些词均表示倚靠、支撑。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to lean / rest / stand / balance / prop (sth) on sth◆to lean / rest / stand / prop / steady (sth) against sth◆to prop / steady / poise yourself somewhere■ lean (leaned, leaned; BrE also leant, leant) [intransitive, transitive] (always used with on or against 总是与on或against连用) (of a person or thing) to put your/its weight against sth for support; to put sth against sth else in a sloping position, so that its weight is supported （人）倚靠 ；（物体）靠置；把⋯靠在⋯上◆She walked slowly, leaning on her son's arm.她靠在儿子的胳膊上缓慢行走。◆A shovel was leaning against the fence.有一把铁铲靠栅栏放着。◆Can I lean my bike against the wall?我能把自行车靠在这墙上吗？■ rest [transitive, intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to put sth on or against sth else so that its weight is supported; to be supported in this way 倚；靠；托；（被）支撑◆He rested his chin in his hands.他双手托着下巴。◆Their bikes were resting against the wall.他们的自行车靠在墙上。■ stand [transitive, intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to put sb/sth in an upright position somewhere; (of a thing) to be in an upright position 使直立；把⋯竖着放；（物体）直立◆Stand the ladder up against the wall.把梯子靠墙立好。◆I stood the little girl on a chair so that she could see.我扶小女孩站在椅子上，好让她看得见。◆Books stood in piles in the corner.墙角竖放着一摞摞的书。■ balance [intransitive, transitive] to put your body or sth else into a position where it will stand without falling to either side, even though there is danger of this happening 使保持平衡；立稳◆How long can you balance on one leg?你单腿能站多久？◆She balanced the cup on her knee.她把杯子放稳膝上。▸ balance noun [uncountable] ◆He lost his balance and fell over.他失去了平衡，倒在地上。■ prop (-pp-) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to support an object, especially by leaning it against sth or putting sth under it; to support a person in the same way 把⋯靠在⋯上；垫着支撑◆She propped herself up on one elbow.她单肘撑起身子。◆He lay propped against the pillows.他靠着枕头躺着。◆The door was propped open.门被支着敞开。■ steady [transitive, intransitive] to stop yourself/sb/sth from moving, shaking or falling; to stop moving, shaking or falling （使）平稳，稳住◆She steadied herself against the wall.她靠墙站稳。◆The elevator rocked slightly, steadied, and the doors opened.电梯微微一晃之后稳了下来，接着门开了。 see also steady ⇨ firm adj. ■ poise / /pɔɪz/ / [intransitive, transitive] to be or hold sth steady in a particular position, especially above sth else 保持（某种姿势）；抓紧；使稳定◆The hawk poised in mid-air ready to swoop.老鹰在半空中盘旋，准备俯冲下来。◆She poised the javelin in her hand before the throw.她把标枪握稳，然后投了出去。 remain verb remain ♦︎ keep ♦︎ stay ♦︎ last ♦︎ continue ♦︎ be left ♦︎ linger ♦︎ live ♦︎ standThese words all mean to still be in the same state or condition. 这些词均表示仍然是、保持。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to linger / live on◆to remain / keep / stay awake / calm / cheerful / cool / dry / fine / healthy / quiet / silent◆to remain / stay alert / alive / asleep / loyal / safe / the same / a secret / shut / sober / upright◆to keep / stay close / still / warm◆sb's memory remains / lingers / lives (on)■ remain [intransitive, transitive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) (formal) to be still in the same state or condition; to still exist or be present, especially after other parts have been removed or used; to still need to be done, said, or dealt with 仍然是；保持不变；剩下；仍需，尚待（去做、说或处理）◆For a long time he remained motionless.有很长时间，他一动也不动。◆Train fares are likely to remain unchanged.火车票价很可能会保持不变。◆It remains true that sport is about competing well, not winning.体育重在勇于竞争而非获胜，一向如此。◆In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.尽管有过争吵，他们仍是最好的朋友。◆Very little of the house remained after the fire.火灾之后，这栋房子所剩无几。◆There were only ten minutes remaining.只剩下十分钟了。◆Much remains to be done.还有很多事要做。◆I feel sorry for her, but the fact remains (that) she lied to us.我为她感到难过，可她对我们撒了谎，这仍是事实。◆It remains to be seen (= it will only be known later) whether you are right.你对不对还有待证实。◆There remained one significant problem.还有一个非常重要的问题。 see also remain ⇨ stay 1 ■ keep [intransitive, transitive] (kept, kept)to remain in the same condition or position; to make sb/sth do this （使）保持，处于◆We huddled together to keep warm.我们挤在一起取暖。◆The notice said 'Keep off (= Do not walk on) the grass'.牌子上写着“勿踏草地”。◆She kept the children amused for hours.她陪孩子们玩了好几个小时。◆He kept his coat on.他一直穿着大衣。◆Don't keep us in suspense－what happened next?别跟我们卖关子了，接下来发生了什么事儿？◆She had trouble keeping her balance.她保持平衡有困难。◆I'm very sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。■ stay [intransitive, transitive] to remain in the same state or condition 保持；继续是◆I can't stay awake any longer.我困得再也熬不住了。◆Inflation stayed below 4% last month.上月的通胀率保持在4%以下。◆The store stays open until late on Thursdays.这家商店每星期四都开到很晚。◆I don't know why they stay together (= remain married or in a relationship).我不知道他们为什么还在一起。◆We promised to stay friends for ever.我们约定永远做朋友。ⓘ Stay is less formal than remain in this meaning, and is the word used in everyday speech. It is often followed by adjectives with positive associations. 表达此义时，stay不如remain正式，是日常口语用词，常后接引起正面联想的形容词◆to stay awake / alive / afloat / cool / healthy / dry / sober / calm / sane / constant / faithful / alert保持清醒；仍然活着；保持浮在水面／凉爽／健康／干燥；没有喝醉；保持镇静／理智／不变／忠诚／警惕 see also stay ⇨ stay 1 ■ last [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to keep existing or functioning well 继续存在；持续起作用；持久◆This weather won't last.这种天气持续不了多久。◆He's making a big effort now, and I hope it lasts.现在他正加紧努力，我希望他能坚持下去。◆These shoes should last you till next year.你这双鞋应该能穿到明年。■ continue [intransitive] (rather formal, especially written) to remain in a particular job or position 留任；维持原状◆I want you to continue as project manager.我要你留任项目经理。◆She will continue in her present job until a replacement can be found.在找到接替人员之前，她将继续做她目前的工作。■ be left [transitive, passive] to remain to be used or sold 留下备用（或销售）◆Is there any coffee left?还有咖啡剩下吗？◆How many tickets do you have left?你还剩多少张票？◆ (figurative) They are fighting to save what is left of their business.他们极力挽救仅剩的业务。◆The only course of action left to me was to notify her employer.我唯一能做的就是通知她的雇主。■ linger / /ˈlɪŋgə(r)/ / [intransitive] (written) to continue to exist for longer than expected 继续存留；缓慢消失◆The faint smell of her perfume lingered in the room.房间里仍飘溢着她那淡淡的香水味。◆The civil war lingered on well into the 1930s.这次内战到20世纪30年代还拖了好几年。■ live [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (especially written) to continue to exist or be remembered 继续存在；留存；被铭记◆She died ten years ago but her memory lives on.她十年前去世了，但她仍留在人们的记忆中。◆Her words have lived with me all my life.她的话我一辈子都铭记。ⓘ In this meaning live is often followed by an expression such as in my/our/their heart(s)/mind(s)/memory or an expression of time, especially one which refers to a very long period of time. 表达此义时，live常后接in my/our/their heart(s)/mind(s)/memory等短语，或后接时间短语，尤其是很长一段时间◆to live (on) for decades / many years / all my life / the rest of my life几十年／很多年／我一辈子／我的余生都会铭记 ■ stand (stood, stood) [intransitive] if an offer, a decision, etc. made earlier stands, it is still valid （提议、决定等）保持有效，维持不变◆My offer still stands.我的提议仍然算数。◆The world record stood for 20 years.那项世界纪录20年未被打破。 withstand verb withstand ♦︎ tolerate ♦︎ stand ♦︎ resist ♦︎ absorb ♦︎ stand up to sthThese words all mean to be strong enough not to be harmed or damaged by sth. 这些词均表示承受住、抵住。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to withstand / tolerate / stand / resist high temperatures / heat◆to withstand / tolerate / stand (harsh, dry, etc.) conditions◆to withstand / resist / stand up to stress / wear◆to withstand / resist attack / damage◆to withstand / stand the pressure / strain / weight■ withstand /wɪðˈstænd, wɪθˈstænd/ (withstood, withstood) [transitive] (formal) to be strong enough not to be harmed or damaged by extreme conditions or the use of force 承受，抵住，经受住（极端条件或武力）◆The boat was built to withstand just about every weather condition.这只船的设计能够承受几乎各种天气状况。◆They had withstood siege, hunger and deprivation.他们经受了围困、饥饿和贫穷。■ tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt; NAmE ˈtɑːləreɪt/ [transitive] (rather formal) (of people, animals and plants) to be able to be affected by a drug or difficult conditions without being harmed （人、动物和植物）对（药物）有耐受能力，能经受（困难条件）◆Young and elderly people cannot tolerate alcohol as well as other adults.儿童和老人对酒精的耐受性都不如成年人。◆Few plants will tolerate sudden changes in temperature.很少有植物能经受得住气温的突变。■ stand (stood, stood) [transitive] (used especially with can/could 尤与can/could连用) to be able to survive pressure or extreme conditions without being harmed or damaged 经受，承受，经得起（压力或极端条件）◆His heart won't stand the strain much longer.他的心脏对这种压力承受不了多久了。◆Modern plastics can stand very high and very low temperatures.新型塑料耐高温和耐低温能力很强。■ resist [transitive] to be strong enough not to be harmed or damaged by sth 经受住，抗（伤害）◆A healthy diet should help your body resist infection.健康饮食有助于身体抗感染。◆This new paint is designed to resist heat.这种新油漆有耐热特性。ⓘ Resist is used to describe an object, material or structure which is strong enough not to be damaged by the force of an attack, extreme weather conditions, etc. * resist指物体、材料或结构经得住击打或极端天气等◆The castle was built to resist attack.这座城堡为了抵御攻击而建。◆It is thick enough to resist breaking (= it will not break), even under impact.它的厚度使之即便受到撞击也不会碎裂。It is also used to describe an object or material which will not allow sth, such as water, to enter through its surface and cause damage. * resist还用于指物体或材料能防止水等进入表面造成破坏◆They are treated with silicone to enable them to resist damp.它们经过硅酮处理，能防潮。If a person, plant or animal resists a disease or virus, they are strong enough to fight it and not become ill. * resist可指人或动植物有抗病能力◆crops which resist disease and pest attack能抵御病虫害的庄稼 see also resistance ⇨ strength ■ absorb /əbˈsɔːb, əbˈzɔːb; NAmE əbˈsɔːrb, əbˈzɔːrb/ [transitive](of an object or material) to reduce the effect of a blow or hit （物体或材料）减轻（打击或撞击）的作用◆This tennis racket absorbs shock on impact.这只网球拍能在击打时减震。■ ˌstand ˈup to sth phrasal verb (stood, stood)(of materials or products) to remain in good condition in spite of rough treatment or extreme conditions （材料或产品）经受得住，能承受（粗暴对待或极端条件）◆The carpet is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and tear.这种地毯设计得十分耐磨。 resist verb resist ♦︎ struggle ♦︎ hold/keep sb/sth at bay ♦︎ hold/stand your ground ♦︎ hold out against sb/sthThese words all mean to fight against sb/sth who is attacking, threatening or opposing you. 这些词均表示抗争、反抗。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to struggle / hold your ground against sb / sth◆to resist / hold out against an attack◆to resist / hold out against pressure■ resist [intransitive, transitive] to fight back when attacked; to use force to stop sth from happening 反抗；回击；抵抗◆He tried to pin me down, but I resisted.他试图制伏我，但我奋力反抗。◆She was charged with resisting arrest.她被控拒捕。◆He gathered forces to resist the invasion.他集结力量抵御入侵。 OPP give in , submit ⇨ give way see also resistance ⇨ opposition ■ struggle [intransitive] to fight against sb/sth in order to prevent a bad situation or result （为防止恶劣情况或结果）斗争，抗争◆He struggled against cancer for two years.他同癌症抗争了两年。◆We should all struggle against injustice.我们都应该同非正义作斗争。◆Lisa struggled with her conscience before talking to the police.莉萨经过一番良心斗争，终于对警方说了。 see also struggle ⇨ campaign noun ■ hold sb/sth at ˈbay■ keep sb/sth at ˈbay idiom (held, held; kept, kept)to prevent an enemy from coming close or a problem from having a bad effect 不让（敌人）接近；防止（问题）恶化◆I'm trying to keep my creditors at bay.我在竭力躲避债主。◆Charlotte bit her lip to hold the tears at bay.夏洛特咬住嘴唇不让眼泪流出来。■ hold your ˈground■ stand your ˈground idiom (held, held; stood, stood)to continue with your opinions or intentions when sb is opposing you and wants you to change; to face a situation and refuse to run away 坚持主张；坚持立场；不屈服；不退却◆Don't let him persuade you－stand your ground.别听他的－坚持自己的主张吧。◆It is not easy to hold your ground in front of someone with a gun.面对持枪者而不退缩并不容易。■ ˌhold ˈout against sb/sth phrasal verb (held, held)to continue to resist sb/sth, especially in a dangerous or difficult situation （尤指在危险或困难情况下）顽强抵抗，不屈不挠◆British troops held out against constant attacks.英国军队对不断的攻击进行了顽强的抵抗。◆The Prime Minister held out against pressure to speed up the reforms.面对要求加快改革步伐的压力，首相坚持立场不动摇。 respect verb respect ♦︎ admire ♦︎ esteem ♦︎ be/stand in awe of sb/sth ♦︎ look up to sbThese words and expressions all mean to have a high opinion of sb/sth because of their good qualities or achievements. 这些词语均表示尊敬、敬佩、仰慕。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达敬佩的程度| respect | ➔ | admire | ➔ | be/stand in awe of sb/sth | | esteem | | look up to sb | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to respect / admire / esteem / look up to sb as sth◆to respect / admire / esteem / look up to sb for sth◆to respect / admire the way sb does sth◆a respected / an esteemed writer / teacher / scientist◆greatly / much respected / admired / esteemed◆highly respected / esteemed◆to really respect / admire / look up to sb / sth■ respect [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to have a high opinion of sb/sth because of their good qualities or achievements （因其良好的品质或成就）尊敬，敬佩，仰慕◆She is always honest with me, and I respect her for that.她一直对我很诚实，我非常敬重她这一点。◆She was a much loved and highly respected teacher.她是位深受爱戴和尊敬的老师。◆I respect Jack's opinion on most subjects.在大多数事情上，我尊重杰克的意见。 see also respect ⇨ admiration , respectful ⇨ polite ■ admire [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to have a very high opinion of sb/sth because of their good qualities or achievements （因其良好的品质或成就）尊敬，敬佩，仰慕◆I really admire your enthusiasm.我确实钦佩你的热情。◆The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.这所学校教学优秀，远近称誉。◆You have to admire the way he handled the situation.你不得不佩服他处理这个局面的手法。 see also admiration ⇨ admiration , admirer ⇨ fan , admiring ⇨ good 6 NOTE 辨析 Respect or admire? Admire expresses a stronger feeling than respect: if you admire sb it usually means that you agree with them and/or would like to be like them. You can admire a person or their good qualities, but you do not usually admire sb's opinions. * admire表达的敬佩之情比respect更强烈，admire通常意味着认同某人，或希望自己也能像对方一样。admire的宾语可以是人或好的品质，但通常不能是某人的意见◆I really admire her for her courage.我真佩服她的勇气。◆I really admire her courage.我真佩服她的勇气。◆I admire Jack's opinion on most subjects. If you respect sb you might not agree with them or want to be like them, but you still recognize their good qualities. * respect可能并不认同某人或想成为那样的人，但仍然承认其好的品质◆These academics may be respected as experts in their field, but they can also be quite arrogant.这些学者可能作为各自领域的专家被別人推崇，但他们也相当自大。You can respect a person or their opinions; you can respect sb for their good qualities, but you do not usually respect the qualities themselves. * respect的宾语可以是人，也可以是opinion。respect不能直接后接良好品质，而应说respect sb for sth◆I respect him for his honesty.我因为他的诚实而尊重他。◆I respect his honesty. ■ esteem [transitive, usually passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (formal) to respect and admire sb/sth, especially because of their skills or qualities （尤因其技能或品质）尊重，敬重◆He was esteemed as a dedicated and imaginative scholar.他被认为是一位敬业且富有想象力的学者。◆Many of these qualities are esteemed by managers.这些特点有很多受到经理们的赞赏。 see also esteem ⇨ admiration ■ be in ˈawe of sb/sth■ stand in ˈawe of sb/sth idiom (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to admire sb/sth very much and be slightly frightened of them/it 对⋯敬畏；对⋯既仰慕又畏惧◆She was tall, confident and beautiful, and all the other girls were in awe of her.她身材高挑、自信美丽，其他女孩都敬畏她。 see also awe ⇨ admiration ■ ˌlook ˈup to sb phrasal verb (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to admire or respect sb, especially sb who is older than you or who is in a position of authority （尤指对年长者或掌权者）钦佩，仰慕，尊敬◆He's good with the kids, who really look up to him.他和孩子们处得很好，孩子们都打心眼里尊敬他。OPP look down on sb ⓘ If you look down on sb you think that you are better than them. * look down on sb指瞧不起某人◆She looks down on people who haven't been to college.她瞧不起没上过大学的人。 take care of yourself idiom take care of yourself ♦︎ look after yourself ♦︎ fend for yourself ♦︎ stand on your own (two) feetThese words all mean to be responsible for yourself, for your own care or safety, especially without help from anyone else. 这些词均表示照顾自己，尤指在没有他人帮助的情况下。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be able to take care of yourself / look after yourself / fend for yourself / stand on your own feet◆to be capable of taking care of yourself / looking after yourself / fending for yourself◆to learn to fend for yourself / stand on your own feet■ take care of yourself idiom (took, taken)to be responsible for yourself, your own care, safety, health and appearance 照顾自己；照料自己◆He's old enough to take care of himself.他已经不小了，能照顾自己了。◆You should take better care of yourself.你应该更好地照顾自己。 see also take care of sb ⇨ look after sb ■ ˌlook ˈafter yourself phrasal verb (especially BrE) to be responsible for yourself, your own care, safety and health 照顾自己；照料自己◆Don't worry about me－I can look after myself (= I don't need any help).别担心我，我能照顾好自己。 see also look after sb ⇨ look after sb ■ ˌfend for yourˈself phrasal verb to be responsible for yourself without help from anyone else, especially finding food and solving other practical problems （在没有他人帮助的情况下）照顾自己（尤指解决食物和其他实际问题）◆His parents agreed to pay his rent but otherwise left him to fend for himself.他的父母同意替他付房租，其他的则让他自己解决。◆The pups have been weaned and are now learning to fend for themselves.那些小狗已经断奶了，正在学习照顾自己。NOTE 辨析 Take care of yourself, look after yourself or fend for yourself? Take care of yourself and look after yourself are often used in a similar way to talk about sb who is responsible for their own care, health and safety especially without help from anyone else. Both are used as a way of expressing concern, especially for sb's health. * take care of yourself和look after yourself用法相似，指照顾自己，对自己的健康和安全负责，尤其在没有他人帮助时。两者均用来表达关切，特别是关切某人的健康◆Take good care of yourself.照顾好你自己。◆You look after yourself and make sure you eat properly.你要好好照顾自己，一定要好好吃饭。 Take care of yourself can also be used to describe sb who takes care of their appearance and tries to look as young and attractive as possible. * take care of yourself亦可表示打理仪容，使自己尽可能显得年轻、有吸引力◆It is natural for a woman to take good care of herself.女人悉心保养自己，这是很自然的事。 Fend for yourself is used to talk about dealing with more practical situations, such as finding food, money or shelter and is used about animals as well as people. It is often used to describe a person or animal that has to cope alone in a difficult situation or environment. * fend for yourself指处理更实际的问题，如寻找食物、挣钱或找栖身之所，可用于人，也可用于动物。这一短语常描述人或动物不得不独自应对艰难的境况。 ■ stand on your own (two) ˈfeet idiom (stood, stood)to be independent and able to be responsible for yourself, especially financially （尤指财务上）独立，自立◆When his parents died he had to learn to stand on his own two feet.他的父母去世后，他不得不学会自立。 attitude noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ view 1 另见view条第1义attitude ♦︎ view ♦︎ perspective ♦︎ point of view ♦︎ stance ♦︎ position ♦︎ outlook ♦︎ level ♦︎ line ♦︎ angle ♦︎ side ♦︎ standThese are all words for the particular way you think or feel about sb/sth. 这些词均表示态度、看法。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's view / a perspective / a stance / a position / an outlook / a line / an angle / a stand on sth◆a stance / stand against sb / sth◆from the perspective / point of view / position / angle of sb / sth◆different / various attitudes / views / perspectives / points of view / stances / positions / outlooks / levels / angles / sides◆an alternative view / perspective / point of view / position / angle◆a personal attitude / view / perspective / point of view / stance / position / level / angle / stand◆the general attitude / view / perspective / point of view / position / outlook◆a popular attitude / view / perspective◆a positive / negative attitude / view / perspective / point of view / stance / outlook / angle◆a sympathetic attitude / view / point of view / angle◆a critical attitude / view / perspective / point of view / stance◆a practical attitude / view / perspective / point of view / outlook◆to take an attitude / a view / a perspective / a point of view / a stance / a position / a line / a side / a stand◆to adopt an attitude / a view / a perspective / a point of view / a stance / a position / an outlook / a line◆to have an attitude / a view / a perspective / a point of view / an outlook / a line / an angle◆to change an attitude / your view / your perspective / your point of view / your stance / your position / your outlook / sides◆to challenge an attitude / a view / a perspective■ attitude [countable] the way that you think and feel about sb/sth; the way that you behave towards sb/sth that shows how you think and feel 态度；看法；作风◆Her attitude to her parents has always been somewhat negative.她对父母总是多少持有负面的态度。◆What is your attitude towards the job as a whole?总的来说，你对这个工作的看法怎样？◆I tend to take the attitude that it's best to leave well alone.我常有一种看法，那就是最好别掺和别人的事。◆If you want to pass your exams you'd better change your attitude.你若想通过考试就最好改变你的态度。■ view [countable, usually singular] a way of understanding or thinking about sth （理解或思维的）方式，方法◆He has a pretty optimistic view of life.他对人生的看法很乐观。◆The traditional view was that marriage was for life.传统的观念是结成夫妻就要白头到老。■ perspective / /pəˈspektɪv; NAmE pərˈspektɪv/ [countable, usually singular] a particular attitude towards an issue or problem; a particular way of thinking about sth 态度；观点；思考方法◆Try to approach the problem from a different perspective.试着从另一个角度处理这个问题。◆We need to take a global perspective on the environment.我们要从全球角度看待环境问题。■ ˌpoint of ˈview [countable] a particular way of considering or judging a situation 思考角度；判断方法◆These statistics are important from an economic point of view.从经济学角度看，这些统计数字很重要。◆The book is written from a child's point of view.这本书是以孩子的视角写的。■ stance /stæns, BrE also stɑːns/ [countable] the opinion that sb has on a particular issue that they express publicly （公开表明的）观点，态度，立场◆What's the newspaper's stance on the war?那家报纸对这场战争持什么立场？◆He's known for his anti-immigration stance.他以反移民立场著称。■ position [countable] an attitude that sb has towards a particular subject that influences how they act （影响行为的）态度，立场◆Our party's position on education is very clear.我们党对教育的态度很明确。◆The official position was that of refusing to talk to terrorists.官方立场是拒绝和恐怖分子谈判。NOTE 辨析 Stance or position?A stance can be more temporary and/or more personal than a position, in reaction to a new issue in current affairs, when it is considered necessary for public figures and newspapers to make their opinions known. A position is often more long-term and/or official and is concerned with how people or organizations act on a particular issue, rather than what they say. * stance指公众人物或报纸须对时下新问题发表看法时所持的立场。与position相比，stance多指短期的、个人的立场。position多指长期的、官方的立场，强调人或组织对特定问题的应对，而不强调其言论。■ outlook /ˈaʊtlʊk/ / [countable] the attitude to life and the world of a particular person or group 观点；人生观；世界观◆He has a very practical outlook on life.他的人生观很实际。◆Most western societies are liberal in outlook.西方社会大多思想观念开放。■ level [countable] a particular way of looking at, reacting to or understanding sth 看待（或应对、理解）事物的方式◆On a more personal level, I would like to thank Jean for all the help she has given me.从较为个人的角度，我要感谢琼给予我的所有帮助。◆Fables can be understood on various levels.寓言可以从不同的角度去理解。■ line [countable, usually singular] an attitude or belief, especially one that is officially supported by a government, political party or politician （尤指政府、政党或政治人物公开支持的）态度，理念◆The government took a hard line on the strike.政府对这次罢工持强硬态度。◆The MP supported the official line on education.那名议员支持官方的教育理念。◆He was expelled from the party for refusing to toe the party line (= follow the party's official opinions and policies).他因拒绝遵循党的路线而被开除出党。■ angle [countable] a particular way of thinking about or presenting a situation, problem or subject （看待问题或呈现主题的）角度，观点，立场◆We're looking for a new angle for our next advertising campaign.我们正在为下一次广告活动寻找新视角。◆The article concentrates on the human angle (= the part that concerns people's emotions) of the story.这篇文章集中讨论了故事中人物的情感问题。■ side [countable] one of the opinions, attitudes or positions taken by sb in an argument or agreement （争论或协议中）一方的观点（或态度、立场）◆You need to listen to both sides of the argument.你要听争论双方的观点。◆The other side maintains that the project will not be affordable.另一方坚持说负担不起该项目。◆Will you keep your side of the bargain?你方能不能遵守协议？■ stand [countable, usually singular] an attitude that you take publicly, usually against sth that you disapprove of （对不赞同之事公开的）态度，立场◆We need to take a tough stand on tax avoidance.我们需要在避税问题上采取强硬立场。 stall noun stall ♦︎ booth ♦︎ stand ♦︎ kioskThese are all words for a table or small shop with an open front that people sell things from. 这些词均表示货摊、售货亭。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a hot-dog stall / stand◆a food / refreshment stall / kiosk◆a / an information / ticket booth / kiosk◆a newspaper stand / kiosk◆to have / run a stall / booth / stand / kiosk◆to set up / man a stall / stand■ stall [countable] a table or small shop with an open front that people sell things from, especially at a market （尤指集市上的）货摊，摊位，售货亭◆He works on a market stall in the square.他在广场上的一个集市售货亭工作。■ booth /buːð; NAmE buːθ/ [countable] a small tent or temporary structure at a market, exhibition or fairground, where you can buy things, get information or watch sth （集市、展览会或展销会的）临时货摊，信息亭，放映棚◆The stalls and booths were doing a brisk trade.那些售货亭和临时摊位的生意很红火。ⓘ Typically, booths are fairground, seaside or roadside booths, in which you might buy sth, try to win sth, or have your future told, for example. Other booths are the sort of places where there is just enough space for one person to sit, giving people information, selling tickets or taking people's money for sth. 通常，booth设在fairground、seaside或roadside之类的地方，在那里可以购物、赢取奖品或算命等。booth也指只能容纳一个人的狭小空间，用于回答问讯、卖票或收款◆an information / a ticket / a toll booth问讯处；售票处；投票亭 ■ stand [countable] a table or upright structure that goods are sold from, especially in the street （尤指大街上的）货摊，售货亭◆A crowd lined up outside her newspaper stand.一群人在她的报亭外面排起了队。ⓘ Typical collocates of stand are hot-dog, doughnut, hamburger and newspaper or news. Especially in British English, a stand can also be a table or upright structure where things are displayed or advertised, for example at an exhibition. * stand的常见搭配词有hot-dog、doughnut、hamburger、newspaper或news。特别是在英式英语中，stand也可指展览会等处用于展示或推介物品的桌子或架子◆People crowded round Oxford University Press's stand at the book fair.图书展销会上，人们纷纷围在牛津大学出版社的展台前。In American English use booth. 在美式英语中则用booth。 ■ kiosk /ˈkiːɒsk; NAmE ˈkiːɑːsk/ [countable] (especially BrE) a small shop, open at the front, where newspapers, drinks, etc. are sold （出售报纸、饮料等的）小亭◆She stopped at a newspaper kiosk to pick up a copy of 'Private Eye'.她在一个报亭前停下来，买了本《私家侦探》。ⓘ A kiosk is usually a small building, rather than an upright structure like a stand that can easily be taken down or moved. * kiosk通常是一座小型建筑物，而不像stand那样是可以随时拆掉或搬走的货摊。 |