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industry noun
⇨ industry (the steel industry) ⇨ production (heavy industry) industry noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ business 2 另见business条第2义industry ♦︎ trade ♦︎ business ♦︎ serviceThese are all words for a type of activity that involves producing goods or providing services. 这些词均表示行业、工商业、服务业。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be in a particular industry / trade / business / service◆the book / tourist / car / catering / hotel / construction industry / trade / business◆the timber / fur / wool / wine / motor / building industry / trade◆the energy / oil / food / computer / advertising / insurance / entertainment / music / film / hospitality industry / business◆computer / insurance / catering services◆to work in a particular industry / trade / business / service◆to enter / dominate the industry / trade / business■ industry [countable] the people and activities involved in producing a particular thing, or in providing a particular service 行业◆Thousands of jobs were lost in the steel industry.钢铁业有数千人失业。◆We need to develop local industries.我们需要发展地方工业。◆Weaving and knitting were traditional cottage industries (= small businesses in which the work is done by people in their homes).编织和针织是传统的家庭手工业。ⓘ Industry is mainly used to talk about the production of goods, especially in factories. When it is used to talk about a service, this is usually one that has become very successful. * industry主要指在工厂里进行的商品生产、制造活动。industry指服务业时，通常指已经很成功的行业◆the film / entertainment / tourist / advertising / insurance industry电影业；娱乐业；旅游业；广告业；保险业 see also industry ⇨ production ■ trade [countable] a particular type of industry or business 行业；职业；生意◆Employment in the building trade is notoriously irregular.建筑业工作的不稳定是尽人皆知的。◆He works in the retail trade (= selling goods in shops).他从事零售工作。ⓘ Trade is used more to talk about activities that do not require a high level of formal education, such as the building/motor/construction trade, or the buying and selling aspect of a particular activity. * trade多指不需要很高教育水平的行业，比如the building/motor/construction trade（建筑业；汽车业；建造业），或者指某一行业中的买卖活动◆the book / retail / car trade图书／零售／汽车贸易 The trade [singular + singular or plural verb] is a particular area of industry or business and the people or companies that are connected with it. * the trade（单数名词，谓语动词可单可复）表示某个行业或业内人士◆They offer discounts to the trade (= to people who are working in the same business).他们给业内人士提供折扣优惠。◆You should advertise in newspapers and trade magazines.你应该在报纸和行业杂志上做广告。 see also trade ⇨ trade noun , trade ⇨ work noun 2 ■ business [countable] a particular type of activity that involves producing, buying, selling or providing goods or services for money 商业；买卖；生意◆She works in the computer business.她从事电脑业。◆Falling prices are wreaking havoc in the oil business.价格下跌使石油业遭受重创。ⓘ Business places the emphasis more on the management activities involved in an industry or service, than on the physical work involved. It is used especially to talk about service industries. * business更强调产业或服务业中的管理活动而非实际的工作，尤指服务业◆the catering / hotel / entertainment / advertising / insurance business餐饮业；酒店业；娱乐业；广告业；保险业It is also used to talk about very large industries that produce or trade in very basic products or raw materials, where it is a slightly more informal choice than industry, used especially in journalism. * business亦可指生产或买卖基础产品或原材料的大型产业，略不如industry正式，尤用于新闻报道中◆the energy / oil / food business能源业；石油业；食品业 see also business ⇨ company , business ⇨ trade ■ service [countable, usually plural] a business whose work involves doing sth for customers but not producing goods 服务性企业；服务业◆They are offering special incentives to the financial services sector.他们给予金融业特别的激励措施。◆The service industries were most affected by the recession.服务业受经济衰退影响最大。ⓘ Services is often used in the plural after an adjective or noun. * service常用复数形式，跟在形容词或名词后面◆computer / catering / financial / insurance / marketing / freight / accommodation services电脑业；餐饮业；金融业；保险业；营销业；货运业；住宿服务 Service is not usually used alone; when it does not follow an adjective or noun in this way, it is generally followed by a word like company, industry or sector. * service通常不单独用，除了跟在形容词或名词后之外，也可以放在company、industry、sector等词的前面。 production noun production ♦︎ construction ♦︎ industry ♦︎ manufacturing ♦︎ building ♦︎ making ♦︎ manufacture ♦︎ assemblyThese are all words for the process of making or building sth. 这些词均表示制造、建造。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆commercial / industrial production / construction / manufacturing / building / manufacture◆local production / construction / industry / manufacturing / building / manufacture◆large-scale / small-scale production / industry / manufacturing / manufacture◆car / textile / food production / manufacture◆house / road construction / building◆production / construction / manufacturing / building / assembly methods / processes / systems / techniques◆construction / manufacturing / building companies / costs / firms / jobs / materials / work◆the construction / (a / the) manufacturing / the building industry◆a production / construction / manufacturing / building / assembly worker◆a production / an assembly line■ production [uncountable] the process of making or growing goods, materials or food, especially in large quantities （尤指大批量的）生产，制造，制作◆Production of the new aircraft will start next year.新飞机的生产将于明年开始。◆The new model will be in production by the end of the year.新型号将于年底投产。◆to go into production投产◆The car went out of production in 2005.这种汽车已于2005年停产。◆the mass production of consumer goods (= production of goods in large quantities, using machinery) 消费品的批量生产 see also production ⇨ output , produce ⇨ manufacture ■ construction [uncountable] the process of building or making sth, especially roads, buildings, bridges, etc. 建筑，建造（尤指道路、建筑物、桥梁等）◆Work has begun on the construction of the new airport.新机场的修建已经开工。◆Our new offices are still under construction.我们的新办公楼尚在修建中。 OPP demolition ⇨ demolish see also construct ⇨ build , construction ⇨ structure ■ industry [uncountable] economic activity concerned with processing raw materials or producing goods, especially in factories 工业；生产制造◆Pollution from the country's heavy industry is probably the worst in Europe.该国重工业造成的污染可能是欧洲最严重的。◆It is the home of light industry, with several small businesses based in the town.这里是轻工业之乡，城里有几家小型企业。◆On leaving college she got a job in industry.毕业后她在工厂里找了一份工作。 see also industry ⇨ industry ▸ industrial adjective ◆industrial output工业产量◆industrial chemicals工业用化学品◆the world's leading industrial nations全球主要工业国■ manufacturing [uncountable] the industry of producing goods in large quantities in factories 制造业◆Many jobs in manufacturing were lost during the recession.在经济衰退期，制造业有许多人失业。◆The company has established its first manufacturing base in Europe.该公司已经在欧洲建立了第一个制造业基地。 see also manufacture ⇨ manufacture ■ building [uncountable] the process and work of building 建筑；建筑工程◆the building of the new stadium新体育场的修建◆There's building work going on next door.邻居正大兴土木。 OPP demolition ⇨ demolish see also build ⇨ build NOTE 辨析 Construction or building?In many cases you can use either word. Construction is a more technical word and is used more in business and industrial contexts. Building is a more everyday word and is used more to talk about building work that is smaller in scale. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用。construction专业性较强，多用于商务或工业语境。building较日常化，多指较小规模的修建。■ making [uncountable] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) the process of making sth 生产；制作◆film-making电影制作◆dressmaking制衣◆tea and coffee making facilities沏茶和煮咖啡的用具◆the making of social policy社会政策的制订◆This model was two years in the making (= being made).这种型号制造了两年。ⓘ Making is a very general word and can be used to talk about anything that you make, but not to talk about things that you build. * making含义很广，可以指任何制作，但不指建造◆house making see also make ⇨ make 1 ■ manufacture [uncountable] the process of making goods in large quantities 大量制造；批量生产◆cloth / vehicle manufacture布匹／车辆生产◆What is the date of manufacture?生产日期是哪天？ see also manufacture ⇨ manufacture NOTE 辨析 Production, manufacturing or manufacture? Production and manufacture emphasize the process of actually making the goods. * production和manufacture强调生产过程◆car / steel production / manufacture汽车／钢铁生产／制造 Manufacturing emphasizes the business of making goods in large quantities. * manufacturing强调大批量生产的行业◆manufacturing industry制造业◆production/manufacture industry Production can be used to talk about growing food and obtaining raw materials as well as making goods, but manufacture can only be used to talk about goods and food that is made, not grown. * production既可以指生产商品，也可以指种植食用作物和获取原材料，但manufacture仅指商品和食品的加工制造，不指种植◆oil/meat/wheat manufacture ■ assembly [uncountable] the process of putting together the parts of sth such as a vehicle or piece of furniture 装配；组装◆the correct assembly of the parts零部件的正确组装◆a car assembly plant汽车装配厂◆Some assembly of the equipment is required.需要组装一些设备。 see also assemble ⇨ build |