artificial light人造光an artificial situation人为不自然的场面artificial ♦︎ forced ♦︎ laboured ♦︎ contrived ♦︎ strainedThese words all describe an action, emotion or situation which is not natural or not what it appears to be.这些词均表示行为、情感或场景是人为的、虚假的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a forced / strained smile◆an artificial / a contrived situation / example◆to sound forced / laboured / contrived / strained◆rather artificial / forced / laboured◆somewhat artificial / laboured / strained■artificialcreated by people; not happening naturally人为的；不自然的◆A job interview is a very artificial situation.求职面试是个非常不自然的场面。■forced (disapproving) not sincere; not the result of genuine emotions but produced by a deliberate effort不真诚的；勉强的◆'Good,' he said with forced cheerfulness.“好吧。”他装出高兴的样子说。OPPgenuine ⇨ deep1■laboured (BrE) (NAmElabored) (disapproving) (of speech, writing, etc.) not natural and seeming to take a lot of effort（说话、写作等）不自然的，矫揉造作的，费力的◆She knew better than to interrupt one of her father's rather laboured jokes.她知道最好别去打断父亲那些颇为做作的玩笑。■contrived / /kənˈtraɪvd/ / (disapproving) planned in advance and not natural or genuine; written or arranged in a way that is not natural or realistic预谋的；不自然的；做作的◆The letter was full of contrived excuses.信里编造了很多借口。◆The book's ending seemed contrived.这本书的结尾显得牵强。■strained (oftendisapproving) not the result of genuine emotions; produced by a deliberate effort非真心的；做作的；勉强的◆She gave a strained laugh.她勉强笑了一下。ⓘ Strained is not always as disapproving as forced: sometimes it can show or invite sympathy for a person under stress.与forced不同，strained并不总是带有贬义，有时可以用来对处于压力之下的人表示同情或为之争取同情◆I put on my strained smile for the next patiently waiting customer.我对下一位耐心等候的顾客勉强地笑了笑。
stressful
adjective
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ painful2另见painful条第2义stressful ♦︎ tense ♦︎ strained ♦︎ fraught ♦︎ anxious ♦︎ nerve-rackingThese words all describe situations, events or times that cause worry and anxiety.这些词均表示情况、事件或时期等紧张的、令人焦虑的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a stressful / tense / fraught / anxious time◆a stressful / tense / fraught meeting / situation◆a tense / strained / fraught atmosphere / silence / relationship◆a tense / an anxious wait◆emotionally stressful / tense / fraught■stressfulcausing worry and anxiety压力重的；紧张的◆a stressful job / lifestyle压力沉重的工作；紧张的生活方式◆It was a very stressful time for all of us.对我们所有人来说，那都是一个艰难的时期。 see also stress ⇨ pressure1, stressed ⇨ tense■tensein which people have strong feelings of worry or anger that often cannot be expressed openly令人焦虑的；令人紧张的；令人愤懑的◆I spent a few tense weeks waiting for the results of the tests.等候测试结果的几个星期我寝食难安。◆The atmosphere in the meeting was getting more and more tense.会议的气氛越来越紧张。 see also tense ⇨ tense, tension ⇨ pressure1, tension ⇨ tension■strainedinvolving feelings of worry or anger; not relaxed or friendly神色不宁的；紧张的；不友好的◆Relations between the two countries remain strained.两国关系依然紧张。◆The game was played in an atmosphere of strained silence.比赛是在紧张沉默的气氛中进行的。 see also strained ⇨ tense, strain ⇨ pressure1■fraught / /frɔːt/ / (especially BrE) causing or feeling worry and anxiety令人焦虑的；令人忧虑的；令人担心的◆His relationship with his mother had always been fraught.他和母亲的关系一直令人担心。◆She looked fraught.她愁容满面。NOTE辨析 Tense, strained or fraught?These words can all describe an atmosphere or relationship. Tense and strained are both used, especially in journalism, to describe formal or official relations, especially when these are outwardly polite; fraught describes more personal and emotional relationships.这三个词都可描述气氛或关系。tense和strained尤用于新闻语言中描述正式或官方关系，特别是这些关系表面上看似友好的情况；fraught描述一些更为个人或情感方面的关系。■anxious(of a time) causing anxiety; (of an expression) showing anxiety（时期）令人焦虑的；（表情）流露出忧虑的◆There were a few anxious moments during the game.比赛中有些时刻令人焦虑不安。◆There was an anxious expression on her face.她的脸上流露出忧虑的表情。 see also anxious ⇨ worried■ˈnerve-racking ( ˈnerve-wracking) (of an experience) making you feel very nervous and a little afraid（经历）令人十分紧张的，令人焦虑不安的◆My first visit was rather nerve-racking.我第一次去拜访时非常紧张。 see also nervous ⇨ worried
tense
adjective
tense ♦︎ strained ♦︎ stressed ♦︎ under pressure ♦︎ uptightThese words all describe people when they are too anxious to be able to relax.这些词均表示神经紧张的、焦虑不安的、无法放松的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to look / sound / seem tense / strained / uptight◆to get tense / uptight◆sth makes sb tense / uptight■tensenervous or worried and unable to relax神经紧张的；担心的；无法放松的◆Try to relax. Are you always this tense?尽量放轻松。你总是这样紧张吗？ⓘ You can be tense as a result of the situation you are in or because it is part of your personality and you are always that way. * tense可以是所处情况使人紧张，或是某人个性使然，向来如此◆She sounded tense and angry.她的声音听起来又气又急。◆He's a very tense person.他是个神经非常紧张的人。 see also tense ⇨ stressfuladj., tense ⇨ tightenverb, tension ⇨ pressure1■strainedshowing the effects of worry or pressure神色不宁的；紧张的；憔悴的◆Her face looked strained and weary.她的脸色显得憔悴疲惫。◆He spoke in a low, strained voice.他焦虑地低声说话。 see also strain ⇨ pressure1, strained ⇨ stressful■stressed ( informalstressed out) too anxious and tired to be able to relax焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的◆He was feeling very stressed and tired.他感觉十分焦虑，疲惫不堪。◆Stressed out? Take a break in the sun.焦虑不安吗？休息一下，去晒晒太阳吧。◆stressed business executives心力交瘁的公司主管 see also stress ⇨ pressure1, stressful ⇨ stressful■under ˈpressure
idiom
made to feel anxious about sth that you have to do承受着（完成某事的）压力◆The team performs well under pressure.这个队在压力下表现良好。◆I don't want to put you under pressure, but...我不想给你压力，但是⋯ see also pressure ⇨ pressure1■uptight / /ˌʌpˈtaɪt/ / (informal) anxious and/or angry about sth紧张不安的；愤怒的◆She felt too uptight to do any work.她感到紧张不安，什么工作都干不了。ⓘ You can be uptight as a result of the situation you are in or because it is part of your personality and you are always that way. * uptight可以是所处情况使人紧张，或是某人个性使然，向来如此◆Relax! You're getting too uptight about this.轻松点儿！你对这事太紧张了。◆He's a very uptight person.他是非常容易紧张的人。OPPeasy-going ⇨ calmadj.